云南財大英語經(jīng)典人文導(dǎo)讀富蘭克林傳期末復(fù)習(xí)

云南財大英語經(jīng)典人文導(dǎo)讀富蘭克林傳期末復(fù)習(xí)云南財大英語經(jīng)典人文導(dǎo)讀富蘭克林傳期末復(fù)習(xí)云南財大英語經(jīng)典人文導(dǎo)讀富蘭克林傳期末復(fù)習(xí)云南財大英語經(jīng)典人文導(dǎo)讀富蘭克林傳期末復(fù)習(xí)編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:NewEnglandCourant《新英格蘭報》ThePennsylvaniaGazette《賓夕法尼亞公報》PoorRichard’sAlmanac《窮理查智慧書》Paxtonaffair帕克斯頓事件StampAct《印花稅法案》letterofHutchinsonandOliver哈欽森信件ContinentalCongress大陸會議theReformation宗教改革Protestants新教徒BostonMassacre波士頓大屠殺BostonTeaTreaty波士頓傾茶事件TheSiegeofBoston波士頓圍城戰(zhàn)MidnightRide午夜騎行TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates美國憲法MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology麻省理工學(xué)院ArticlesofConfederation《聯(lián)邦條例》theChurchofEngland英國國教Pilgrim’sProgress《天路歷程》ReligiousSocietyofFriends貴格會(教友派)theCivilWar美國南北戰(zhàn)爭（美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)）Junto共讀社Testament（基督教）圣約書FableoftheBees《蜜蜂的寓言》TheNewTestament《新約》HouseofLords上議院HouseofCommons下議院PhilosophicalSociety美國哲學(xué)研究會QuakerAssembly教友會教徒PlainTruth《平凡的真理》TheAmericanSociety美國學(xué)會PeaceofParis《巴黎和約》PeaceofTreatyofVersailles《凡爾賽和約》theRoyalSociety英國皇家學(xué)會theCopleymedal科普利獎?wù)聇heWestIndies西印度群島Postmaster-General郵政部長jointPostmaster-General北美郵政監(jiān)察員theAssembly議會FrenchAcademy法蘭西科學(xué)院DeclarationofIndependence《獨立宣言》PrivyCouncil樞密院RoyalAcademySciences皇家科學(xué)院UnionFireCompany志愿消防隊Sabbath安息日TheSocraticmethod蘇格拉底問答法ArtofVirtue道德的藝術(shù)surveyor-general測量局長Seeingnoprospectofanaccommodationbetweenmybrotherandme,hegavehisconsenttomyreturningagaintoPhiladelphia,advis’dmetobehaverespectfullytothepeoplethere,endeavortoobtainthegeneralesteem.他在了解了我哥哥和我之間暫無和解的希望后，就允許我再回到費城去，他指教我要謙恭地對待那里的人，爭取普遍的尊重。Inyouth,therefore,theturnisgiven;inyouththeeducationevenofthenextgenerationisgiven;inyouththeprivateandpubliccharacterisdetermined.在青年時期，人生轉(zhuǎn)折點也確定了；在青年時期，甚至連下一代的教育也確定了；在青年時期，人所不知何人所共知的品格也已決定。Thetermoflifeextendingbutfromyouthtoage,lifeoughttobeginwellfromyouth,andmoreespeciallybeforewetakeourpartyastoourprincipalobjects.生命的期限就是從青年時期展開的，生命該從青年時期就好好地開始，尤其在我們以選擇職業(yè)為主要目標以前。Oursensationsbeingverymuchfixedtothemoment,weareapttoforgetthatmoremomentsaretofollowthefirst,andconsequentlythatmanshouldarrangehisconductsoastosuitthewholeofalife.我們的感覺往往凝結(jié)于現(xiàn)今，而常常忘掉有更多的時間是會跟著來的，因此一個人應(yīng)該安排他的行為以適合其整個一生。Extendyourviewsevenfurther;donotstopatthosewhospeaktheEnglishtongue,butafterhavingsettledsomanypointsinnatureandpolitics,thinkofbetteringthewholeraceofmen.把你的眼光放得更遠些，不要只限于說英語者，等到在政治和自然上的許多觀點確定了以后，就要想到改良整個的人類。ORDER.Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.秩序。你的一切東西該有它們自己的位置；你的工作何時干、何時完，該有它們的時間。OftenIsatupinmyroomreadingthegreatestpartofthenight,whenthebookwasborrowedintheeveningandtobereturnedearlyinthemorning,lestitshouldbemissedorwanted.有時一本書是晚上借來而必須在次日一早送還的，我就常常振作精神在我屋中讀到深夜，免得到時不還這書就被當(dāng)成遺失或缺貨了。RESOLUTION.Resolvetoperformthatyouought;performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.決斷。決定做你該做的事；做好你決定做的事。FRUGALITY.Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself;.,wastenothing.儉樸。除非于人于己有益者不去花費，否則即為浪費。INDUSTRY.Losenotime;bealwaysemploy’dinsomethinguseful;cutoffallunnecessaryactions.勤勞。勿浪費時間；時間要常常用之于有用的事；棄掉一切不需要的舉動。But,howeverserviceableImightbe,Ifoundthatmyservicesbecameeverydayoflessimportance,astheotherhandsimprov’dinthebusiness.但是不管我怎樣勤勉工作，隨著別的工人在業(yè)務(wù)上的進步，我發(fā)覺我的職務(wù)日漸不重要。JUSTICE.Wrongnonebydoinginjuries,oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.正直。不要施行有害行為，也不要忽略你所應(yīng)給的利益來損害任何人。SINCERITY.Usenohurtfuldeceit;thinkinnocentlyandjustly,and,ifyouspeak,speakaccordingly.誠懇。勿為有害之欺詐；勿思邪惡，唯念正義；如有言，言必誠。Sincesucharepetitionisnottobeexpected,thenextthingmostlikelivingone’slifeoveragainseemstobearecollectionofthatlife,andtomakethatrecollectionasdurableaspossiblebyputtingitdowninwriting.但是這樣的重演是不能指望了，那么最接近重演的該是回憶平生而把它寫下來，使這回憶在可能的范圍中傳之久遠。Inordertosecuremycreditandcharacterasatradesman,Itookcarenotonlytobeinrealityindustriousandfrugal,buttoavoidallappearancestothecontrary.因為要鞏固商人的信用和聲望，我不但注意到勤勞和節(jié)儉的實際情形，也要避免那種趾高氣揚的形象。Ifancyhisharshandtyrannicaltreatmentofmemightbeameansofimpressingmewiththataversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktomethroughmywholelife.我想象他對我的苛刻和殘暴的待遇也許是一種加深我的印象的手段，使我一生都在反對專制。In1732,Ifirstpublish’dmyfirtAlmanac,underthenameofRichardSaunder;itwascontinu’dbymeabouttwenty-fiveyears,commonlycall’dPoorRichard’sAlmanac.在732年，我第一次刊行我的歷書，署名為理查.桑德斯，這本書我持續(xù)刊行了大約25年，通常稱之為《窮理查年鑒》。But,howeverserviceableImightbe,Ifoundthatmyservicesbecameeverydayoflessimportance,astheotherhandsimprov’dinthebusiness.但是不管我怎樣勤勉工作，隨著別的工人在業(yè)務(wù)上的進步，我發(fā)覺我的職務(wù)日漸不重要。Anotherthingdemonstratedwillbetheproprietyofeveryman’swaitingforhistimeforappearinguponthestageoftheworld.另外指出的一件事就是，每個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)却龝r機在社會舞臺上顯露頭角。Idrestplainly;Iwasseenatnoplacesofidlediversion.Ineverwentoutafishingorshooting;abook,indeed,sometimesdebaush’dmefrommywork,butthatwasseldom,snugandgavenoscandal.我穿得很樸素，從來不在消閑的娛樂場出現(xiàn)。我從不出去釣魚和打獵。真的，只有時因一本書籍把我的工作耽誤了，但那也不是常有的，而且是隱蔽的，不會受到指摘的。Itisinyouththatweplantourchiefhabitsandprejudices;itisinyouththatwetakeourpartyastoprofession,pursuitsandmatrimony.在青年時期，我們培植了我們主要的習(xí)慣和見解；在青年時期，我們選擇了職業(yè)，追求和配偶。Extendyourviewsevenfurther;donotstopatthosewhospeaktheEnglishtongue,butafterhavingsettledsomanypointsinnatureandpolitics,thinkofbetteringthewholeraceofmen.把你的眼光放得更遠些，不要只限于說英語者，等到在政治和自然上的許多觀點確定了以后，就要想到改良整個的人類。TEMPERANCE.Eatnottodullness;drinknottoelevation.節(jié)制。食不過飽；飲不過量。SLIENCE.Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself;avoidtriflingconversation.沉默。除非于人于己有利之言不談；避免瑣屑的談話。MODERATION.Avoidextremes;forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.中庸。避免極端；人若給你應(yīng)得處罰，你當(dāng)容忍之。FromachildIwasfondofreading,andallthelittlemoneythatcameintomyhandswaseverlaidoutinbooks.PleasedwithPilgrim’sProgress,myfirstcollectionwasofJohnBunyan’swordsinseparatelittlevolumes.我從小就愛好讀書，我一直把我手上的全部零用錢都花在書上。因為我喜愛《天路歷程》，所以我一開始就收集了約翰·班揚文集的單獨發(fā)行的小冊子。Thisbookishinclinationatlengthdeterminedmyfathertomakemeaprinter,thoughhehadalreadyoneson(James)ofthatprofession.這種對書籍的愛好最后使我父親決定叫我學(xué)印刷業(yè)，雖然他已經(jīng)有了一個兒子(詹姆士)學(xué)了這種行業(yè)。Ralphwasinclin’dtopursuethestudyofpoetry,notdoubtingbuthemightbecomeeminentinit,andmakehisfortunebyit.雷夫喜歡研究詩，深信他會因此而成名發(fā)財，Therewasanotherbookishladinthetown,JohnCollinsbyname,withwhomIwasintimatelyacquainted.在鎮(zhèn)上另外有一個愛好讀書的孩子，叫做約翰·高令斯，我和他往來甚密。Iconvinc'dthattruth,sincerityandintegrityindealingsbetweenmanandmanwereoftheutmostimportancetothefelicityoflife.漸漸地我確信在人與人之間的相互關(guān)系中對人生的幸福最重要的莫過于真實、誠意和廉潔。Josiah,myfather,marriedyoung,and……,about1682.Theconventicleshavingbeen……,and……tothatcountry,andhewasprevailedwithtoaccompanythemthither,wheretheyexpectedtoenjoytheirmodeofreligionwithfreedom.我父親約瑟早年就成了家，大約在一六八二年帶著妻子和三個孩子遷到新英格蘭來。非國教的宗教集會受到法律的禁止，而且時常受到干擾，因此我父親的友好中有一些有聲望的人就想移居到新大陸去，我父親答應(yīng)陪同他們前往美洲。Myelderbrotherswereallputapprenticestodifferenttrades.我的哥哥們都拜師學(xué)了各種不同的行業(yè)。Mybrotherhad,in1720or1721,beguntoprintanewspaper.ItwasthesecondthatappearedinAmerica,andwascalledtheNewEnglandCourant.在一七二○或一七二一年，我哥哥開始出版報紙了。這是在美洲殖民地出現(xiàn)的第二份報紙，叫做《新英格蘭報》。IregularlypaidhisannualsubscriptionforthesupportoftheonlyPresbyterianministerormeetingtheyhadinPhiladelphia.我定期地繳付年捐，維持費城唯一的長老會牧師或教堂。Itwasthoughtmostprudentbyhermothertopreventtoourgoingtoofaratpresent,asamarriage.她母親認為最穩(wěn)妥的辦法是目前暫時不要我們操之過急。InPhiladelphia,Mr.DenhamtookastoreinWater-street,whereweopenedourgoods;Iattendedthebusinessdiligently,studiedaccounts,andgrew,inalittletime,expertatselling.在費城，田納先生在水街租賃了一個店址，在那里我們把我們的商品陳列出來，我勤勉地照料生意，學(xué)習(xí)記賬，不久就學(xué)會了做買賣。Amanbeingsometimesmoregenerouswhenhehasbutalittlemoneythanwhenhehasplenty,perhapsthro’fearofbeingthoughttohavebutlittle.當(dāng)一個人只有少量錢財?shù)臅r候，有時候他反而比他錢多時來得慷慨，也許是由于怕人家把他當(dāng)做窮酸的緣故吧。IhadbeenreligiouslyeducatedasaPresbyterian.在宗教方面我從小所受的是長老會的教養(yǎng)。ThisobscurefamilyofourswasearlyintheReformation,andcontinuedProtestantsthroughthereignofQueenMary,whentheyweresometimesindangeroftroubleonaccountoftheirzealagainstpopery我們這一卑微的家族很早就參加了宗教改革運動，在瑪麗女王統(tǒng)治時期他們一直堅信新教，當(dāng)時由于他們熱烈地反對教皇，時有遭受迫害的危險。.Duringmybrother'sconfinement,whichIresentedagooddeal,notwithstandingourprivateddifference,Ihadthemanagementofthepaper;andImadeboldtogivetheirrulerssomerubsinhisbrother’snewspaper,whichmybrotherandotherstookverykindly.盡管我和我哥哥有意見，我對他的被判徒刑表示十分憤慨。在他拘留期間，我主持了報務(wù)。在報上我大膽地對我們的統(tǒng)治者進行了冷嘲熱諷，我哥哥倒很喜歡這些文章，Ralph,thoughmarried,andhavingonechild,haddeterminedtoaccompanymeinthisvoyage.Itwasthoughtheintendedtoestablishacorrespondence,andobtaingoodstoselloncommissions雷夫，雖然已經(jīng)結(jié)了婚，有了一個孩子，還是決定陪我出洋。據(jù)猜度他是想去建立通信聯(lián)系，獲得可以代銷的貨品，抽取傭金。Iwasprettydiligent,butspentwithRalphagooddealofm