2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)23

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Eventoday,acenturyafterPasteurdevelopedthefirstvaccine,rabiesalmostalwayskills（

）intheearlieststagesofthedisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsvictimsunlessinoculated

B.thevictimsunlessthereisaninoculation

C.thevictimsunlessinoculated

D.itsvictimsunlesstheyareinoculated

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。unless后面接條件狀語從句，首先排除A、C項(xiàng)，句意要表達(dá)的是如果受害者能接種疫苗，而不是狂犬病被接種疫苗。句意：即使在今天，巴斯德開發(fā)出第一種疫苗后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)，狂犬病幾乎總能殺死受害者，除非在疾病的早期階段接種疫苗。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

從一定角度上看，教育的目的實(shí)質(zhì)上就是通過生存知識(shí)的獲得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者為未來的生活做好準(zhǔn)備；而社會(huì)教育就是通過社會(huì)方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的。對(duì)于任何人來說，生活可以有兩個(gè)目標(biāo)：一是達(dá)到或維持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高層次。為達(dá)到這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)——其實(shí)生活中它們是融合在一起的，一般不會(huì)有人把兩者割裂開來——任何時(shí)代、任何區(qū)域和社會(huì)階層都會(huì)對(duì)作為社會(huì)成員生活在這一時(shí)空與社會(huì)交叉點(diǎn)上的人有一個(gè)基本或起碼的知識(shí)和能力客觀要求。

【答案】Fromacertainpointofview,thepurposeofeducationistomaketheeducatedprepareforthefuturelifethroughtheacquisitionofsurvivalknowledgeandtheimprovementofsurvivalability.Socialeducationistoachievethisgoalthroughsocialmeans.Foranyone,lifecanhavetwogoals.Oneistoachieveormaintainabasiclevelofsurvival,andtheotheristoimprovetoahigherlevel.Inordertoachievethesetwogoals—infact,theyareintegratedinlife,andgenerallynoonewillcutthemapart—anyera,anyregionandsocialclasswillhaveabasicorminimumobjectiverequirementofknowledgeandabilityforpeoplelivingattheintersectionoftime,spaceandsocietyasmembersofthesociety.

3.單選題

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在討論中”。句意：法官批評(píng)了律師，因?yàn)樗麤]有在討論中就這個(gè)話題發(fā)表言論。B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Herhusbandisinterestedindesigningelectronic（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.management

B.safety

C.devices

D.routine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。management“管理，經(jīng)營”；safety“安全”；device“設(shè)備”；routine“例行公事，常規(guī)”。electronicdevices“電子設(shè)備”。句意：她丈夫?qū)υO(shè)計(jì)電子設(shè)備感興趣。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe___oflessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.observation觀察；監(jiān)視B.investigation調(diào)查；調(diào)查研究

C.inspection視察；檢查D.examination考試；檢查

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常去學(xué)校參加培訓(xùn)，培訓(xùn)的內(nèi)容是forthe____oflessons，由此可以推斷出進(jìn)行教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生是去本地的學(xué)校觀察上課。observation指一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仔細(xì)觀察某人/某事物的行為，尤指為了學(xué)習(xí)某事物。因此A.observation“觀察”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)investigation指對(duì)某一情況、犯罪等事實(shí)的官方審查，或者是對(duì)某一主題或問題的事實(shí)進(jìn)行的科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)檢查，而本句重點(diǎn)在于去觀察當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的課程，不屬于犯罪等事實(shí)，也不屬于科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)檢查；

C選項(xiàng)inspection指對(duì)學(xué)校、工廠等的正式訪問，以檢查規(guī)章是否被遵守，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否可接受，教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生并不是正式訪問，排除；

D選項(xiàng)examination指仔細(xì)檢查（某事物/某人），尤指檢查是否有問題或找出問題的原因，不符合句子語境。

【句意】在他們的第一個(gè)教師培訓(xùn)年，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常去當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校觀察課程。

6.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識(shí)和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖]有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物?！笨芍坝洃泦适А备揪蜎]有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)。”可知低落情緒是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請注意，當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人失去什么東西時(shí)，他不會(huì)責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國，年輕人從來不會(huì)因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)136對(duì)雙胞胎的長期研究表明，多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動(dòng)速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對(duì)大腦的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，即隨著年齡增長，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會(huì)影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。故B項(xiàng)“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

7.單選題

Visitorstotheparkhaveoftenlookedupintotheleafycanopyand（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegshang

B.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegswerehanging

C.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

D.seenmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。由and表并列關(guān)系可知，and后面的謂語動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前面的保持一致，see的過去分詞為seen。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：公園的游客經(jīng)常抬頭看著綠樹成蔭的樹冠，看到猴子睡在樹枝上，手臂和腿都懸掛著。

8.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicof“WhatHastheProgressofScienceandTechnologyBroughtabout?’’.Youshouldwriteatleast160-180words.

【答案】略

9.單選題

Ifyoukeeponoverworkingyourself,yourhealthwill（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.degenerate

B.deteriorate

C.degrade

D.deform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。degenerate“使退化，惡化，墮落”；deteriorate“惡化”；degrade“貶低，使丟臉”；deform“使變形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你繼續(xù)過度工作，你的健康狀況會(huì)變壞。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會(huì)躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個(gè)小時(shí)電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W(xué)后花了很多時(shí)間看電視。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里?！笨芍髡邅碜杂趩斡H家庭。故B項(xiàng)正確?！癘urmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級(jí)。但她比我們男孩當(dāng)時(shí)所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區(qū)房子里有一些東西?！笨芍髡叩哪赣H接受的教育很少，并且是個(gè)清潔工，故C、D項(xiàng)正確。題干問的是哪一項(xiàng)不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關(guān)掉電視，讓我們坐下來，解釋說她的兒子們將要做些改變。”可知作者母親讓他倆讀書的態(tài)度是十分堅(jiān)決的。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒過多久，就有兩個(gè)脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產(chǎn)的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準(zhǔn)備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊?！笨芍麄兊谝淮稳D書館是不情愿的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當(dāng)時(shí)我并沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，但這種體驗(yàn)與看電視完全不同。”可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有意識(shí)到書本給他帶來的新體驗(yàn)。故D項(xiàng)“他意識(shí)到書籍給他帶來全新的體驗(yàn)”不正確。

11.單選題

Thetwosurfaces（

）toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stuck

B.clung

C.cohered

D.adhered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stick“粘住，貼有粘著劑而變得固定”，stickto堅(jiān)持；cling“緊抓”；cohere“凝結(jié)，粘著”；adhereto“粘附，指被吸力或膠水粘住”。句意：這兩個(gè)面粘在一起了，我們不能把它們分離。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在報(bào)紙和雜志上的報(bào)道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)推廣中扮演的角色過于突出，而對(duì)教學(xué)的重視嚴(yán)重不足。這些說法有一定的真實(shí)性，但它們也忽略了更深層次更重要的關(guān)系?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為教學(xué)與研究的更深層次的關(guān)系被忽略了。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)杰出的教學(xué)，但通常對(duì)研究成果給予最大認(rèn)可。部分原因是很難對(duì)教學(xué)進(jìn)行評(píng)判。”可知大學(xué)重視研究的部分原因是很難客觀評(píng)判教學(xué)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.盡管科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)‘培養(yǎng)’出來的，但科學(xué)家也可能因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)和研究生階段糟糕的教學(xué)而‘流失’?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“為了培養(yǎng)新的科學(xué)家，改善小學(xué)的教學(xué)是最重要的”錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)“研究型大學(xué)的杰出教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究”only表達(dá)過于絕對(duì)，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展使教學(xué)與研究不能結(jié)合起來?！卞e(cuò)誤。故C項(xiàng)“教學(xué)與科研分離會(huì)降低未來科學(xué)家的素質(zhì)”符合文章內(nèi)容。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的頭銜應(yīng)該只授予那些從事教授工作的人，也許大學(xué)是時(shí)候把它保留給那些愿意成為學(xué)者群體中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教書的教授可以被稱為‘杰出的研究人員’或別的什么?！笨芍淌诘念^銜應(yīng)該留給愿意教學(xué)的人。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.詞義題。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些說我們可以把教學(xué)和科研分開的人根本不了解這個(gè)制度，但那些說這個(gè)問題會(huì)消失的人沒有盡到自己的責(zé)任。”可知“這個(gè)問題”指教學(xué)和科研分開，故B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Themoodoftheeveningis___justasitiseveryyearwhenthistopicisbroughtup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destroyed

B.damaged

C.ruined

D.spoiled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.destroyed破壞；摧毀B.damaged損害

C.ruined毀滅D.spoiled破壞；破壞……的興致

【考察點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“破壞”的意思?？崭裉幨且粋€(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞用來說明mood“心情”被怎么樣了。Mood做主語，句意為每當(dāng)這個(gè)話題被提起時(shí)，夜晚的心情就被破壞了。只有D選項(xiàng)spoil指破壞……的興致符合句子語境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破壞，毀壞”，用于物時(shí)，指破壞或毀壞有用的事物;用于人時(shí)，指用武力或暴力“殺死”“毀滅”“消滅”敵人等；

B選項(xiàng)damage的基本意思是“損害，傷害”，主要指自然力或人為地在價(jià)值、完整性、效能等方面造成損害，一般是局部地、非徹底地、可修復(fù)地，可以用于有形物，也可以用于無形物，還可表示對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)信心等造成壞的結(jié)果或影響；

C選項(xiàng)ruin的基本意思是“破壞，毀掉”，常指因暴力、自然災(zāi)害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毀壞，強(qiáng)調(diào)倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、聲望、容貌、氣節(jié)、價(jià)值等受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。

以上選項(xiàng)均不能和mood搭配。

【句意】就像每年提起這個(gè)話題一樣，整個(gè)晚上的氣氛都被破壞了。

14.單選題

Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasinterrupted

B.hadinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.wouldhaveinterrupted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由was和thatevening可知事情發(fā)生在過去。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的事情，故用過去完成時(shí)。句意：又有人在敲門，那晚已經(jīng)是第三次有人打擾我了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對(duì)過去的推測，故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

從20世紀(jì)40年代中期起，人類已經(jīng)制造出上千種農(nóng)藥，普遍用于農(nóng)場、花園和森林，以消滅昆蟲和雜草。本來它們的最初目的是殺死幾種雜草和幾種昆蟲，但是卻造成了現(xiàn)在這樣嚴(yán)重的后果：鳥兒不再唱歌，魚兒不再跳躍，樹葉蒙上了一層毒藥，土壤中長期存留大量有毒物質(zhì)。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

17.單選題

Iknownowthatall___humanbeingsworrythatotherswillfindoutthattheyarenotquitegoodenough.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sacred

B.holy

C.hysteric

D.sane

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sacred神圣的B.holy神圣的

C.hysteric歇斯底里的D.sane健全的；理智的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，……的人害怕其他人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不夠好。D.sane“理智的”符合句意。理智的人們一般會(huì)被認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)大的足夠優(yōu)秀的。人們會(huì)在理智的人們身上期待更多。所以這類人害怕別人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們其實(shí)不夠好。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】我現(xiàn)在知道，所有理智的人都擔(dān)心別人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不夠好。

18.單選題

Likemanyloversofbooks,Maryandherhusband,RichardGoldman,seldomwalkedpastabookstorewithoutstoppingtolookinside.Theyoftentalkedofopeningtheirownstoreoneday.

WhenMarywashospitalizedwithhearttroublein1989,theydecideditwastimetogetserious.Richard,whoworkedforabusinesscompany,waseagertoworkforhimself,andMaryneededtoslowdownfromherdemandingjob.

Theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingtheindustry.“Weknewithadtobeaspecialtystorebecausewecouldn’tmatchthebigchainsdollarfordollar.”saysMary.Onefigurecaughtherattention:She’dreadsomewherethatroughly20percentofbookssoldweremysteries,andmanybuyersspentmore$300ayearonbooks.SheandRichardwerethemselvesmysteryreaders.

OnHalloween1992,theyopenedtheMysteryLoversBookshopandCafeneartheirhome.Withthreechildrenincollege,thecouplecouldnotspendallthefamily’smoneytostartashop.Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theydrewsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.

Thestoremerelybrokeeveninitsfirstyear,withonly$120,000insales.ButMarywasalwayscomingupwithnewwaystoattractcustomers.Theshophadacoffeebaranditofferedgiftstomysteryloversandserveddinnersforbookclubsthatmetinthestore.Shealsoinviteddozensofwriterstodiscusstheirstories.

TodayMysteryLoversmakessalesofabout$420,000ayear.Afterpayingtaxes,businesscostsandthesixpart-timesalesclerks,RichardandMarytogetherearnabout$34,000.

“Thejobyoulovemaynotgohandinhandwithamillion-dollarincome,”saysRichard.“Thishasalwaysbeenaboutanenjoyablelifeforourselves,notaboutmakingalotofmoney.”

1.WhenMarywasinhospital,thecouplerealizedthat（

）.

2.AfterMarygotwellfromherillnesstheybegan（

）.

3.Howdidtheirbookstoredointhefirstyear?

4.AccordingtoRichard,themainpurposeofrunningthebookstoreis（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeaboutdoingsomethingyoulikebutcannotearnlotsofmoney?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadtoputtheirplanintopractice

B.healthwasmoreimportantthanwealth

C.hearttroublewasaseriousillness

D.theybothneededtostopworking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tostudyindustrialmanagement

B.tobuyandreadmoremysterybooks

C.todomarketresearchonbookbusiness

D.toworkhardertosavemoneyforthebookstore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhadtoborrowmoneytokeepitgoing.

B.Theymadejustenoughtocoverallthecosts.

C.Theysucceededinearningalotofmoney.

D.Theyfailedthoughtheyworkedhard.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.topayfortheirchildren’seducation

B.togettoknowmorewriters

C.tosetupmorebookstores

D.todowhattheyliketodo

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Heisforit.

B.Heisagainstit.

C.Hehasnospecialattitude.

D.Wedon’tknow.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第一段講述了Mary夫婦特別喜歡書，他們經(jīng)常談?wù)撚幸惶扉_一個(gè)自己的書店。再由第二段“WhenMarywashospitalizedwithhearttroublein1989,theydecideditwastimetogetserious.1989年瑪麗因心臟病住院時(shí)，他們決定是時(shí)候認(rèn)真對(duì)待這件事了?！笨芍狹ary夫婦決心認(rèn)真對(duì)待他們的開書店的計(jì)劃。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingtheindustry.他們首先與書店老板交談，并對(duì)這個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)行了研究。”可知他們開始對(duì)書店行業(yè)進(jìn)行市場調(diào)研。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theydrewsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.為了支付這10萬美元的費(fèi)用，他們從親戚和銀行借了一部分存款?！币约暗谖宥巍癟hestoremerelybrokeeveninitsfirstyear,withonly$120,000insales這家店在開業(yè)第一年僅僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了收支平衡，銷售額只有12萬美元”可知B項(xiàng)“他們賺的僅夠支付成本”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Thishasalwaysbeenaboutanenjoyablelifeforourselves,notaboutmakingalotofmoney.對(duì)我們自己來說，這一直是一種享受生活的方式，而不是為了賺很多錢?！笨芍猂ichard開書店的原因是出于對(duì)書的熱愛。故D項(xiàng)“做自己想做的事情”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。全文講述了一對(duì)夫婦出于對(duì)書的熱愛，最后開了一家書店的故事，沒有涉及作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。故C項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Althoughtheinventionoftheprintingpressledtoasignificantreconceptualizationoftextualproductioninthe15thcentury,（

）theinventionofthecomputer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nolesssignificantinthe20thcenturyis

B.nolesssignificantinthe20thcenturywas

C.whatwasequallysignificantinthe20thcenturywere

D.whathasbeenequallysignificantinthe20this

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。although表讓步關(guān)系，noless“不相上下”。句意：盡管印刷機(jī)的發(fā)明在15世紀(jì)引起了對(duì)文本生產(chǎn)的重大重新認(rèn)識(shí)，但20世紀(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明也不相上下。20世紀(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用一般過去時(shí)，再結(jié)合although表讓步關(guān)系，可知noless能與其構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。故B項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Asitisknowntotheworld,___amother-daughterbusinessventurewon’tbeeasy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breathlifeinto

B.breathinglifeinto

C.breathelifeinto

D.breaththelivinginto

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.breathlifeinto呼吸生活B.breathinglifeinto給某事帶來活力

C.breathelifeinto給某事帶來活力D.breaththelivinginto把活著的人呼入

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】固定短語breathelifeinto給某事帶來活力。該句謂語動(dòng)詞是won’tbe該句缺少主語。因此，這里是動(dòng)名詞短語做主語。B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】眾所周知，給母女企業(yè)注入活力并非易事。

21.單選題

AccordingtorecentU.S.StatisticsYearbook,Americansspends16billionayearoncreditcardsandtherearealready590millionin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preparation

B.communication

C.administration

D.circulation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；communication“交流，溝通”；administration“管理”；circulation“流通，傳播，發(fā)行量”。句意：根據(jù)最近的美國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒，美國人每年花在信用卡上的錢達(dá)到160億美元，目前已有5.9億張信用卡在流通中。incirculation“在流通中”為固定搭配。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.翻譯題

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregion