畢業(yè)論文-基于hibernate和struts的網(wǎng)上書店系統(tǒng)

II.BRIEFINTRODUCTIONOFS2SHFRAMEWORKStruct2isanew,morescalableMVCframeworkonthebasisoftheintegrationStructs1andWebWork[3],MVCdesignpatternconsistsofthreeparts:Model,ViewandController.ModelisusedtoimplementbusinesslogicusuallyachievedbyJavaBeans,ViewisusedtointeractwithusersusuallyachievedbyJSPpages,andControllerisusedtoimplementbusinesslogicprocesscontrolmainlyachievedbythecorecontrollerofStructs2FilterDispatcherandAction.Thecorecontrollerinterceptstheclient’srequest,ittransmitstherequesttoappropriateActionobjectaccordingtotheStructs2configurationfile,andthenitassemblesViewbytheresultsofAction(Resultobjects),Structs2workflowisshowninFigure1.Inaddition,Structs2providesarichtaglibrary(Taglib),whichsimplifiesthedevelopmentofJSPpagesandreducesthedifficultyofsystemdevelopment[4].Figure1.Struts2workflowSpringisanexcellentlightweightframework,whichprovidesacontainerofInversionofControl(IoC)andAspectOrientedProgramming(AOP)tosolvemanycommonproblemsinJ2EEdevelopment[5].Springcaneffectivelyorganizethebusinesslogiclayerobject,seamlesslyintegratewithotherframeworksandprovideanunifiedinterfacefordifferentdataaccesstechnologies;Besides,SpringeasilyachievetheassemblyofbeancomponentsandtheloosecouplingbetweendifferentlayersbyIoC[6];What’smore,makinguseofAOPimplementstransactionmanagement,meanwhile,simplifiestheoperationofitsservices.HibernateisapersistencelayerexcellentORMframework.ItisabridgebetweenJavaapplicationanddatabase,mappingsbetweenJavaobjectsanddatabasetablesarecreatedbywritingtheobject-relationalmappingfiles,anditprovidesalotofmethodsthatencapsulatedataaccessoperationstogreatlyreducethetimeofthemanualwritingSQLandJDBCtoprocessdataaccess[7-8].Moreimportant,HibernatehasalightweightobjectencapsulationforJDBCtoreducethecomplexityofthepersistencelayer,whichmakesdeveloperspaymoreattentiontothebusinesslogicofapplicationsystemratherthantheunderlyingdatastructure.Simultaneously,Hibernateachievestheobject-orientedofrelationaldatabasetofacilitatetheunificationofdevelopmentthinking.Figure2showthestructureofHibernateframework.Figure2.ThestructureofHibernateframeworkIII.THEDESIGNOFTHEINTEGRATIONOFS2SHFRAMEWORKAccordingtotheintroductionoftheS2SHtechnicalframeworks,inordertoachievethecompleteseparationofthepagedisplay,businesslogicanddataprocessinginthewebapplicationdevelopment,traditionalJ2EEapplication[9]isre-dividedintothepresentationlayer,businesslogicandpersistencelayer,eachlayerhasitsownprocessinglogic.Inordertoachievetheisolationbetweenlayersandthecentralizedprocessingofthelogiclayers,Struts2,SpringandHibernateframeworksareimportedinthewebhierarchicalstructure.Theconcreteintegrationmethodisasfollows:takeStruts2frameworkbasedonMVCpatternastheinfrastructureofthesystemanddividethemodelpartofStruts2frameworkintothebusinesslayerwhichisresponsibleforhandlingbusinesslogicandthepersistencelayerthatmanagesdatapersistenceoperation.TheintegrationofS2SHframeworkisshowninFigure3.Figure3.TheintegrationofS2SHframeworkIntheintegrationwebframework,Struts2isusedforthepresentationlayertoprovideclearbusinessprocessesanduserinteractionandachieveloosedecouplingofthepresentationlayerandlogiclayer,besides,itgetsridofthehighcouplingoforiginaldevelopmentpattern;Springisresponsibleforthebusinesslogiclayer,itleavesthemanagementofAction,businessobjects,DAO,thesessionfactoryofpersistencelayerandothercomponentstoIoCcontainerbywritingtheconfigurationfiles,whichrealizestheloosecouplingbetweenlayersandreducestheircouplingtotheinterfacelevel.Moreover,theuseofitsAOPmoduleeasilyimplementstransactionmanagement;Hibernateisimportedbythepersistencelayertomakeuseofitsobject-relationalmappingtooperaterelationaldatabaseinaccordancewiththeobject-orientedideas.DAOpatternhidesthedetailsofdatabaseaccessinthebusinesslogiclayer.ThesequencediagramofS2SHapplicationframeworkisshowninFigure4.Figure4.ThesequencediagramofS2SHapplicationframeworkSo,awebapplicationframeworkisformedwiththecharacteristicsofaclearlevel,divisionoflaborandcompletedfunction,itachievesloosecouplingofsystemlayersandreducesthedevelopmentdifficultyofthelogicoflayers.Meanwhile,ithasagoodimprovementintheefficiency,maintainabilityanscalabilityofsystemdevelopment.IV.THECONCRETEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEAPPLICATIONFRAMEWORKArmyfundsmanagementsystembasedonthewebapplicationframeworkwasdesigned.Thesystemconsistedofbasicdatamanagement,accountmanagement,fundsmanagement,monitoring,managementanddatainquirymanagement.Becauseofspaceconstraints,thepapertakesaccountmanagementforexampletodescribetheconcreteimplementationofeverylayeroftheapplicationframework.A.ThePresentationLayerThepresentationlayerbasedonStruts2isresponsiblefortheinteractionofuserandsystem.AccordingtotheStruts2configurationfile,itscorecontrollerFilterDispatcherdecidestoforwardtherequesttothecorrespondingActionwhichcallstheappropriateservicescomponentsofbusinesslogic,andthenitreturnstheresponsethatisspecifiedintheResultobject.Inthisprocess,thecorecontrollerofStruts2determinesthesteeringofthebusinessflowandachievestheconnectionofcomponentsfromdifferentlayersthroughitsconfigurationfile.Therefore,writingthefile(Struts.xml)isthemainjobintheaspectofbusinessprocesscontrol.ThefollowingisthepartofStruts.xmlabouttheentryofaccountinformation.<actionname=”u2011action”class=”afms.action.U2011Action”><resultname=”success”>/afms/success.jsp</result><resultname=”u2021”>/afms/u2021.jsp</result></action>BaseAction(extendedfromStruts2ActionSupport)isinheritedbyalluser-definedActionclassthatcanaccesstheobjectsfromtheServletAPI,whichlowersthedependenceofActiononwebcontainer.Inaddition,italsodefinesthecommonlogicofalltheAction,improvingthereusabilityofcode.B.TheBusinessLogicLayerWiththehelpofthefunctionsofSpringsuchasIoC,AOPandinterface-orientedprogramming,thebusinesslogiclayercanhandlethebusinesslogicandtransactionmanagementofapplicationsystemwellandprovideinterfaceinteractwithotherlayers,whichcanmanagethedependenceofobjectsinthebusinesslayer.TheinteractionbetweenthebusinesslogiclayerandpersistencelayerisdonebyaccessingDAOcomponentsthatareinjectedbytheSettermethod.Finally,DAOcomponentsareconfiguredintheconfigurationfileofSpring.Inthisway,itachievesaloosecouplingbetweenthebusinesslogiclayerandpersistencelayer.Intheaccountmodule,aninterfaceIU2010ServiceanditsimplementationU2010ServiceImplcallingtheinterfaceIU2010DAOofthepersistencelayerweredefined,andthenSpringcombinedtheU2010ServiceImplwiththeIU2010DAObywritingApplicationContext.xmlfile.Thepartofthefileisasfollows:<beanid=”iU2010Service”class=”afms.service.impl.U2010ServiceImpl”><propertyname=”iU2010DAO”ref=”iU2010DAO”/></bean>Besides,thereexiststransactionmanagementinthislayer;SpringAOPcanavoidwritingalotofcodesothatdeveloperspaymoreattentionstobusinesslogic.SoAOPcansolvethiskindofproblemwell.Thefollowingistheconfigurationfileabouttransactionmanagement.<beanid="tm"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><propertyname=”sessionFactory”ref=”sessionFactory”/></bean><aop:config><aop:advisorpointcut=”execution(*afms.service.*.*(..))”advice-ref=”txAdvice”/></aop:config><tx:adviceid=”txAdvice”transaction-manager=”tm”><tx:attributes><tx:methodname=”add*”propagation=”REQUIRED”/>…//otherpartsareomittedhere<tx:methodname=”*”rollback-for=”Exception”/></tx:attributes></tx:advice>What’smore,SpringprovidesagoodsupportthatitgivestheobjectsofHibernateallkindsofresourceswhattheywanttoinitializethembyintegratingtheSessionFactoryofHibernate;SoHibernatedoesnotneedtosetitsSessionFactorythroughhibernate.cfg.xmlfile,whichfurtherdecreasesthecouplingofsystem.C.ThePersistenceLayerThemaintaskofthislayeristobuilddomainobjects,O/RmappingfileandtheDAOinterfaceofthislayeranditsimplementation.ThelayerbasedonHibernateencapsulatesthedetailsaboutdataaccessandprovidesthebusinesslogiclayerwithdataaccessservices.HibernateestablishestheassociationofpersistenceobjectsanddatabasetablesthroughtheO/Rmappingfile,whichchangestheoperationsofpersistentobjectstotheonesofdatabasetables.Intheaccountmodule,theO/RmappingfileAccInfo.hbm.xmlwhichestablishedtherelationshipbetweentheaccountobjectpropertiesandthefieldsofaccounttablewasdefinedtoperformtheobject-orientedoperationsontheaccounttable,thepartofthefileisasfollows:<Hibernate-mapping><class=”afms.do.AccInfo”table=”account”><idname=”actno”><generatorclass=”assigned”/></id><propertyname=”actname”/>….otherpartsareomittedhere</class></Hibernate-mapping>Moreover,Hibernateprovidesalotofmethodsaboutdatabaseaccesssuchassave,delete,update,alleviatingtheworkloadofwritingSQLcodes.Toinvokethesemethods,theinterfaceofthepersistencelayershouldinherittheHibernateDaoSupportclassthatSpringprovidessothatitcanacquirethereferenceofHibernateTemplate.V.CONCLUSIONThroughtheintegrationofStruts2,SpringandHibernate,thewebapplicationframeworkisformedwiththecharacteristicsofaclearstructure,loosecoupling,highefficiencyofdevelopmentandgoodscalabilityandmaintainabilityandsoon,whichmakesdisplaymoduleindependent,businesscomponentslightweightanddataoperationsobject-oriented.Practiceshowsthattheframeworkissimpleandeasytouseandprovidesreferenceforbuildingakindofsmallormedium-sizedwebapplication;However,intheintegrationprocessofthethreeframeworks,thesizeoftheconfigurationfilesintheformsofXMLformatistoolarge;writing,modifyingandmaintainingtheseconfigurationfilesisnotalsoflexibleenough;Inaddition,thedegreeofmutualsupportbetweenthethreeframeworksneedstobefurtherimproved.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThisworkissupportedbythescientificresearchprojectsoftheDepartmentofEducationofShaanxiProvinceunderGrantNO.11JK1040.REFERENCES[1]WANGHai-taoandJIAZong-pu,“WebapplicationbasedonStrutsandHibernate”,ComputerEngineering,vol.37,No.9,pp.112-114,May2011.[2]LIXiao-ping,XIAOYue-feng,andSUYuan.“StudyofWeb-basedframeworkbasedonJ2EEmulti-tierarchitecture”,ApplicationResearchofComputers,vol.25,No.5,pp.1429-1431,May2008.[3]LIGang,“TheDefinitiveGuideforStruts2:MVCdevelopmentbasedonWebWork”,ElectronicIndustryPublishingpress,2007.SUNXiao-zhui,GUANYou-ni,andWENFu-an,“NetworkTeachingSystemBasedonLightweightJ2EEFramework”,ComputerEngineering,vol.34,No.6,pp.266-268,March2008.[4]WANGChun-chao,“Researchofbase-J2EEArchitectureSSHCombinationFramework”,ChangchunUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2010.[5]FENGRun-ming,“DesignandImplementationofHighEducationStudentManagementSystembasedonStruts&Hibernate&Spring”,ComputerEngineering,vol.35,No.6,pp.280-282,March2009.[6]CAIXue-tao,“DevelopmentandApplicationofHibernate”,TsinghuaUniversityPress,2006.[7]GAOAngandWEIWen-xue,“ApplicationofJavaDataPersistencewithHibernateandStrutsFramework”,ComputerApplications,vol.25,No.12,pp.2817-2819,December2005.[8]DUXiao-gangandLIZhou-jun,“ArchitectureofJ2EEWebDevelopmentFramework”,ComputerScience,vol.33,No.8,pp.236-239,August2006.

中文翻譯基于S2SH的Web應(yīng)用程序框架的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)摘要一個(gè)單一的框架在構(gòu)建企業(yè)應(yīng)用程序的一些問題，如效率低，系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，擴(kuò)展性差，層次和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等。針對(duì)這些問題之間的高耦合，提出了基于Strut2，Spring和Hibernate（S2SH的一個(gè)Web應(yīng)用框架）。通過使用Struts2中的表示層，Spring在企業(yè)管理的靈活性和Hibernate的持久層的成熟完備性，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了層間的松散耦合,容易維護(hù),同時(shí)降低了三個(gè)部分和框架開發(fā)的難度使其適用于軍隊(duì)的發(fā)展資金管理系統(tǒng)。關(guān)鍵詞:Struts2框架;Spring框架;Hibernate框架;Web應(yīng)用程序1.引言Web應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)的要求一般要分為頁面顯示，業(yè)務(wù)邏輯和數(shù)據(jù)操作，以實(shí)現(xiàn)它們之間的松耦合，這有助于降低開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)的成本和開發(fā)難度[1]。為達(dá)到上述要求，傳統(tǒng)的Web應(yīng)用提出了一種分層的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中，在一定程度上降低了三者之間的耦合程度，但是沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)松散耦合的真實(shí)感覺。此外，它很難用傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)三者的功能[2]。因此，要解決這些問題，很多基于J2EE框架的不斷涌現(xiàn)。其中，Struts2，Spring和Hibernate已經(jīng)為當(dāng)前Web應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)的主流。然而，他們只是某些層的Web應(yīng)用程序的框架，而不是完整的Web應(yīng)用程序架構(gòu)。到最后，本文進(jìn)行了Struts2，Spring和Hibernate框架進(jìn)行研究，并提出了一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序框架集成了S2SH框架，此外，它討論了應(yīng)用程序框架的集成過程。最后，本文以軍隊(duì)的資金管理系統(tǒng)為例來說明應(yīng)用程序框架的各個(gè)組成部分的執(zhí)行情況。2.STRUTS+SPRING+HIBERNATE框架Struct2是一個(gè)新的,更可伸縮的MVC框架的基礎(chǔ)上集成Structs1和網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)[3],MVC設(shè)計(jì)模式包括三個(gè)部分:模型、視圖和控制器。模型是用來實(shí)現(xiàn)由JavaBeans的logicusually實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)，視圖用于與通常通過JSP頁面的用戶交互，控制器用于實(shí)現(xiàn)主要由Structs2FilterDispatcher和行動(dòng)的核心控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的過程控制。核心控制器截獲客戶端的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，它根據(jù)Structs2配置文件發(fā)送請(qǐng)求到相應(yīng)的Action對(duì)象，然后將其組裝查看行動(dòng)（Result對(duì)象）的結(jié)果，Structs2的工作流程如圖1所示。此外，Structs2提供了豐富的標(biāo)簽庫(kù)（Taglib是），從而簡(jiǎn)化了JSP頁面的開發(fā)，并降低了系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的難度[4]。圖1所示.Struts2工作流程Spring是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的輕量框架，它提供控制反轉(zhuǎn)容器（IoC）和面向切面編程（AOP）來解決J2EE開發(fā)的許多常見問題[5]。Spring能有效地組織業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層對(duì)象，無縫地與其他框架集成，并提供一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的接口，用于不同的數(shù)據(jù)訪問技術(shù);此外，spring很容易地實(shí)現(xiàn)bean組件的裝配和IoC的不同層之間的松耦合[6];更重要的是，讓使用AOP實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)管理，同時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)化了其業(yè)務(wù)的運(yùn)作。Hibernate是一個(gè)持久層優(yōu)秀的ORM框架。它是Java應(yīng)用程序和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間的橋梁，Java對(duì)象和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表之間的映射記錄的對(duì)象-關(guān)系映射文件被創(chuàng)建，它提供了大量的封裝數(shù)據(jù)訪問操作方法，大大減少了人工編寫SQL語句和JDBC處理數(shù)據(jù)訪問[7-8]。更重要的是，Hibernate輕量級(jí)對(duì)象封裝了JDBC減少持久層的復(fù)雜性,使得開發(fā)人員更加注重應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,而不是底層的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)，Hibernate實(shí)現(xiàn)了面向?qū)ο蟮年P(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以促進(jìn)發(fā)展思想的統(tǒng)一。圖2顯示Hibernate框架的結(jié)構(gòu)。圖2.Hibernate框架的結(jié)構(gòu)3.S2SH框架的整合設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)S2SH框架技術(shù)的引入,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)頁面顯示的完全分離,業(yè)務(wù)邏輯和數(shù)據(jù)處理在web應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)中,傳統(tǒng)的J2EE應(yīng)用程序[9]re-divided到表示層,業(yè)務(wù)邏輯和持久性層,每一層都有自己的處理邏輯。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)隔離層和集中處理的邏輯層,Struts2、Spring和Hibernate框架中導(dǎo)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)層次結(jié)構(gòu)。具體的集成方法如下:取Struts2框架基于MVC模式的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)和模型框架Struts2的一部分劃分為業(yè)務(wù)層,負(fù)責(zé)處理業(yè)務(wù)邏輯和持久性層,管理數(shù)據(jù)持久化操作。整合S2SH框架如圖3所示。圖3.S2SH框架的集成Struts2集成web框架,用于表示層提供清晰的業(yè)務(wù)流程和自訂的互動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)流程,實(shí)現(xiàn)表示層和邏輯層的松散的解耦,除此之外,它還能解決掉原始的高耦合發(fā)展模式;Spring負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層,它對(duì)葉子的行動(dòng)管理,業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)象,Dao層,持久層和其他組件的IoC容器寫入配置文件，實(shí)現(xiàn)層之間的松散耦合，并減少它們的耦合會(huì)話工廠在接口級(jí)。此外,使用AOP的模塊容易實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)管理;Hibernate是進(jìn)口的對(duì)象-關(guān)系映射的持久層使用關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作按照面向?qū)ο蟮乃枷?。DAO模式隱藏了細(xì)節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層。S2SH應(yīng)用程序框架的序列圖如圖4所示。圖4.S2SH應(yīng)用程序框架的序列圖所以，一個(gè)Web應(yīng)用程序框架形成有層次清晰，分工和完成功能的特點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)層的松散耦合，并減少層的邏輯的開發(fā)難度。同時(shí)，它在效率，可維護(hù)性系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的可擴(kuò)展性良好的改善。4.應(yīng)用程序框架的具體實(shí)施軍隊(duì)資金管理的基礎(chǔ)上，Web應(yīng)用框架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。該系統(tǒng)由基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)管理，賬戶管理，資金管理，監(jiān)督，管理和數(shù)據(jù)查詢管理。由于篇幅所限，本文以賬戶管理為例來描述的具體實(shí)施應(yīng)用程序框架的每一層。A.表示層基于Struts2的表示層負(fù)責(zé)用戶和系統(tǒng)之間的交互。根據(jù)Struts2configurationfileitscorecontrollerFilterDispatcher決定將請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到相應(yīng)的操作調(diào)用適當(dāng)?shù)姆?wù)組件的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,然后返回響應(yīng),在結(jié)果對(duì)象中指定。在這個(gè)過程中,Struts2的核心控制器確定業(yè)務(wù)流程的指導(dǎo)和實(shí)現(xiàn)來自不同組件的連接層通過其配置文件。因此,編寫文件(Struts.xml)是主要的業(yè)務(wù)流程控制方面的工作。以下是Struts的一部分xml中的有關(guān)賬戶信息的入口部分。<actionname=”u2011action”class=”afms.action.U2011Action”><resultname=”success”>/afms/success.jsp</result><resultname=”u2021”>/afms/u2021.jsp</result></action>基類(擴(kuò)展Struts2ActionSupport)繼承了所有用戶定義的操作類,可以從ServletAPI訪問的對(duì)象,這降低了行動(dòng)依賴web容器。此外,它還定義了普通邏輯的所有行動(dòng),提高代碼的可重用性。B.業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層在Spring功能的幫助下如國(guó)際奧委會(huì),AOP和interface-oriented編程中,業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層可以處理和事務(wù)管理的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的應(yīng)用程序系統(tǒng),提供接口與其他層交互,可以在業(yè)務(wù)層管理對(duì)象的依賴。業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層和持久層之間的交互是通過訪問Dao組件所注入的Setter方法。最后,Dao組件是在Spring的配置文件中進(jìn)行配置。通過這種方式,它實(shí)現(xiàn)了業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層與持久層之間的松散耦合。在帳戶模塊中,一個(gè)接口IU2010Service及其實(shí)現(xiàn)U2010ServiceImpl調(diào)用接口IU2010DAO持久層的定義,然后SpringIU2010DAO編寫的U2010ServiceImplApplicationContext相結(jié)合的xml文件。文件的部分如下:<beanid=”iU2010Service”class=”afms.service.impl.U2010ServiceImpl”><propertyname=”iU2010DAO”ref=”iU2010DAO”/></bean>此外，存在交易管理在這一層;SpringAOP中可以避免編寫大量的代碼，使開發(fā)人員更加注重業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。因此，AOP可以解決這類問題很好。以下是關(guān)于事務(wù)管理的配置文件。<beanid="tm"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><propertyname=”sessionFactory”ref=”sessionFactory”/></bean><aop:config><aop:advisorpointcut=”execution(*afms.service.*.*(..))”advice-ref=”txAdvice”/></aop:config><tx:adviceid=”txAdvice”transaction-manager=”tm”><tx:attributes><t