美國文選作家介紹課件

NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)NovelistShortStoryWriterOneoftheCentralFiguresofAmericanRenaissance(1830-1860)MajorWorksNovels1828:

Fanshawe

范肖1850:

TheScarletLetter紅字1851:

TheHouseoftheSevenGables帶七個(gè)尖角閣的房子1852:

TheBlithedaleRomance福谷傳奇1860:

TheMarbleFaun玉石雕像ShortStories1837:

Twice-ToldTales故事重述1846:

MossesfromanOldManse古宅青苔YoungGoodmanBrown

好小伙子布朗TheMinister’sBlackVeil

教長(zhǎng)的黑面紗Biography1852:

TheLifeofFranklinPierce富蘭克林·皮爾斯傳Hawthorne'sAestheticThinking(1)Hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.Tohimthesefurnishthesoilonwhichhismindgrowstofruition.(2)HewasconvincedthatromancewasthepredestinedformofAmericannarrative.Totellthetruthandsatirizeandyetnottooffend:ThatwaswhatHawthornehadinmindtoachieve.AboutTheScarletLetterTheScarletLettertoldastoryofapuritanwomanHesterPrynnewhowaspunishedtowearascarletAwhichstoodforthecrimeofadultery.TheprettyyoungladytriedtosettledowninBostonwithheroldanduglyhusbandChillinggworth,ascholar.Butthelatterdidnotappearforyears.Duringthistime,HestercommittedadulterywithalocalMinsterDimmesdale,andgavebirthtoagirlPearl.Facingtheterriblepunishment,Hesterrefusedtogiveherlover’snameawaytoprotecthim.Yearslater,thehusbandChillinggworthcametothetownandfoundoutthewholetruth,andheoperatedanhorrorrevengeonDimmesdale,withhidinghisowntruename.Yet,asthestorygoing,HesterandDimmesdalebecamesympatheticfigures,whileChillinggworthwasadevilatlast.

紅字簡(jiǎn)介《紅字》講了一個(gè)美國清教女人的故事，海斯特·白蘭。她因?yàn)橥槎粦土P佩戴一個(gè)猩紅的A字，A字是通奸單詞adultery的首字母。這個(gè)年輕漂亮的女人是和她又老又丑的丈夫齊靈渥斯打算在波斯頓定居，但是她丈夫卻幾年都未曾出現(xiàn)。在這期間，海斯特和當(dāng)?shù)氐哪翈煷髅浪勾鳡柾椴⑸铝艘粋€(gè)女兒珠兒。為了保護(hù)她的情人，海斯特獨(dú)自接受懲罰也不肯透露他的名字。但是幾年后，她的丈夫來到了這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)并且發(fā)現(xiàn)整個(gè)事實(shí)，找出了那個(gè)情人，于是他展開了恐怖的復(fù)仇計(jì)劃。然而隨著故事的發(fā)展，海斯特和戴美斯戴爾成了受人同情的角色，而齊靈渥斯最終成了一個(gè)惡魔。

Symbolizations1.ThesymbolicmeaningsofthescarletLetter

A2.ThesymbolicmeaningsofnamesofcharactersandthesymbolicmeaningsofthecharactersAdultery通奸Adam亞當(dāng)America政教合一時(shí)代的美國Able能干Angel/Angelic天使Amicable和睦友好的女人

Influence

OneofthemostfamousAmericannovelistsThemostfamousAmericanromanticnovelistin19centuryHisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecifically,darkromanticism（黑色浪漫主義).NathanielHawthorneisamasterofsymbolismTheScarletLetter:thefirstsymbolicnoveltobewrittenintheUnitedStatesOnefamoussymbolismnovelistThefounderofAmericanpsychologicalnovelistHisworksremainnotablefortheirtreatmentofguiltandthecomplexitiesofmoralchoices.HermanMelville(1819~1891)Melvillewasbornin1819toastatusandprosperitythatabruptlyvanishedwhenhisfatherfailedinbusiness.AllanMelvillediedinsane,leavinghiswifetoraiseeightchildrenonthescantfundswealthyrelativeswouldspare.Hisexperienceandadventureontheseafurnishedhimwithabundantmaterialforfiction.Melvillehadtodohackworkforthemoneyheneededtokeephiswifeinherextravagantstyle.MelvillesawinHawthornetheoneAmericanwhowasexpressivelyawareoftheevilatthecoreofAmericanlife.HefoundHawthorne'sunderstandingofevil,thatblacknessofvision,unusuallyfascinating.Redburn《萊德伯恩》Typee《泰比》Omoo《奧姆》MobyDick《白鯨》Mardi《瑪?shù)亍稺hiteJacket《白外套》Pierre《皮埃爾》BillyBudd《比利巴德》TheConfidenceMan《騙子》Clarel

《克拉勒爾》Masterpieces

MobyDick(1851)

HermanMelville

MobyDickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.

EvaluationMobyDickis,criticshaveagreed,oneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.Togettoknowthe19thcenturyAmericanmindandAmericaitself,onehastoreadthisbook.Itisanencyclopediaofeverything,history,philosophy,religion,etc.inadditiontoadetailedaccountoftheoperationsofthewhalingindustry.“Toscalegreatheights,wemustcomeoutofthelowestdepths.Thewaytoheavenisthroughhell.Weneedfierybaptism（洗禮）inthefierceflamesofourbosoms（內(nèi)心）.”

（欲攀登高峰，必先脫離深淵；欲登天堂，必先途經(jīng)地獄。我們需要經(jīng)受發(fā)生在內(nèi)心的熊熊烈火的洗禮。）

Summary:ThisworkisMelville'smasterpiece,whichistheepicstoryofthewhalingshipPequodandits"ungodly,god-likeman,"CaptainAhab,whoseobsessivequestforthewhitewhaleMoby-Dickleadstheshipanditsmentodestruction.

ThemesA.OneofthemajorthemesinMelvilleisalienation（錯(cuò)亂間離）,whichhesensedexistinginthelifeofhistimeondifferentlevels,betweenmanandman,manandsociety,andmanandnature.

ThemesB.criticismagainstEmersonian（愛默生式的）self-reliantindividual:Ahabistoomuchofaself-reliantindividualtobeagoodhumanbeing.Hestandsaloneonhisownonelegamongthemillionsofthepeopledearth.Forhimtheonlylawishisownwill.Tohimtheworldexistsforhisownsake.Hisselfhoodmustbeassertedattheexpenseofallelse.Thewhale,MobyDickThewhale,MobyDick,symbolizesnatureforMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable（深不可測(cè)的）,malignant（惡意的）,andbeautifulaswell.ForthecharacterAhab,however,thewhalerepresentsonlyevil.MobyDickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.AhabwillsthewholecrewonthePequodtojoinhiminthepursuitofthebigwhalesoastopierce（穿透)thewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisownconsumingdesire,hismadness.ThewhitenessofMobyDickisaparadoxical(矛盾）color,signifyingdeathandcorruptionaswellaspurity,innocenceandyouth;itrepresentsthefinalmysteryoftheuniverse.

Fortheauthor,aswellasforthereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse,inscrutable（神秘的）andambivalent（矛盾的）,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth

HowdoesCaptainAhabshowhishate?