新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4期末考試范圍

本材料為新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4Unitl-Unit5SectionA課后練習(xí)

根據(jù)老師的出題范圍有所刪減Unit1③Asthegenderbarriers(crumbled),thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid-20thcentury.Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcan(discern)customertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsalesperformance.Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbutto(surpass)hispersonalgoals.Heisamanwitha(n)(shrewd)businesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.The(conversion)ofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedto(distort)thescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother'sskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodalifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedas(radiant)asamaninhisforties.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebut(ingenious)codewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.Thesenatorsdidn'texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygot(stumped)anddidn'tknowwhattosay.Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthe(proposition)thatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.Unit2③Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschool(deficient)inliteraryandreasoningskills.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw,everycitizenissubjecttopossible(prosecution)ifheviolatesthelaw.Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledtopubic(outrage)asexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices.Thedeliciousmeal(appeased)ourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafterhavingwalkedinthesnowallday.Themilitaryinsistson(conformity)inmanyareas,forexample,dressandhaircut,withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity.Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga(n)(strand)ofitshairandthenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit.Whensheleftfortheparty,shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoes(complement)herdress.Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfor(transient)immigrantspassingthroughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.Theyhadjustmovedin,sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchen(appliances)zincludingamicrowaveoven,atoaster,andacoffeemaker.Shewantedabeautifulandelegant(outfit)toattendtheweddingofafriend,butcouldn'tfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.Unit3③Thecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitintoaplaceof(exquisite)beauty.Asthesun(dispersed)theclouds,weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsintheforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveeverseeninmylife.Thebigcompany(decentralized)theiroperationslastyearandopenedseveralregionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.Itisnoteasyto(deduce)atrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincetheyarequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications,microwaveovensnowhavebecomeastandard(fixture)ofmostmodernkitchens.Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthat(frugality)isthekeytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhattheteenagersthinkbutoldenoughto(administrate)theirprograms.Whenaskedaboutherwhereaboutsat9o'clockthatnight,shegavearather(disjointed)response,whichcaughtthedetective'sattention.(Reviving)thestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficitdownnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.Aconsiderableperiodoftimehasto(elapse)beforetheeffectsofsuchsecuritymeasuresasclosed-circuittelevisioncamerasandcell-phonemonitoringbecomeevidentinreducingcrimes.Unit4③Iwillconductatop-to-bottomreviewofthestatedepartments,agencies,andcommissions,andseekto(consolidate)ortoeliminatethemwhereappropriate.Toa1O-year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelpher(differentiate)betweenfantasyandreality.Whenweheardaboutthe(dreadful)sufferingofthechildrenandadults,ourprimaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound,tooursadnessandsurprise,thatwewere(incompatible).Itwas(alleged)thathehadtakena$50,000bribebeforetheprojectwastransferredtoanothercompany.Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas"(bizarre)"and"inappropriate"bypeopleobjectingtoit.Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutaboutthe(correlation)betweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthanoverlapping.Currentexpenditureinthismuseumis(negligible)incomparisonwiththehugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.Theairandriversinthisareaaregettingcleaner;andattemptstopreserveanimalspeciesandtheir(habitats)havebeenmainlysuccessful.Ifyoucanproviderationaland(intelligible)debatesfromanunbiasedpointofview,maybewewillalllearnsomething.Unit5③Althoughhewasnotalegalexpert,heknewitwouldnotbeproperto(fabricate)anythingtomisleadthepublic.Hedoesnotworkfulltimethere,buthehasbeenthe(nominal)headoftheorganization'sscholarshipprogramforfiveyears.AsMarkwalkedthesitesonthatinitialtripofthemigrants,hefoundsomeimportant(temporal)clues-datedbustickets,shoppingreceiptsandcalendars.Inurbanplanning,itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationthe(reciprocal)influencebetweenthetransportationnetworkandotherfacilities,forexampleshoppingcentersandmedicalcenters.Thelabel"SmartChoices"onthefrontoffoodpackagesusually(denotes)productsthatmeetcriteriaforlowerfat,sugarandsodium(鈉)content.ThepublichighschoolgraduationratesinNewMexicoandArizonahavebeenincreasingforthree(consecutive)years,thankstoanonlineprogramthathelpsstudentsearnmissingcredits.Intheaccidentattheairshowlastweek,apilotand10(spectators)werekilledwhenafighterplanecrashedintothecrowd.Themotherwasnotsurewheretheboyswent,butshedidhearthem(muttering)somethingaboutgoingoutforamoviewithfriends.ThisnewlyreleasedportraitofPlanetEarthisactuallya(composite)ofseveralpicturestakenearlierthismonthbyanewresearchsatellite.Youshouldn'tfeelinsulted.Wecanassureyouhemeanttobefriendlyandtherewasnothingimpoliteor(malicious)inhiswords.Unit1⑦Thebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildings(weredrippingwith)greenmoldandmoisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarily,lookingdowntoavoidthesight.Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoods(inexchangefor)rawmaterialsfromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.Knowingjusthowquicklyawildfirecanspread,someresidentsofthevillagedecidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflames(flaredup)nearby.Biologyteachersoften(makeananalogybetween)theheartandapumpinordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.Theywouldliketo(setadatefor)theirweddingandannouncetheirengagementtotheirfamiliesandfriendsassoonaspossible.Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofonejealousclassmatetryingto(1)(make)afool(2)(outof)himinfrontoftheentireclass.Thecouple(madeapact)nevertoworkatthesametime,sothatoneofthemwasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty,andtheirchildwouldn'thavetobelookedafterbystrangers.Thepresidentsaidthat汜stheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry,andthathe(hadappealedto)theworldforhelp,askinginparticularforheavy-lifthelicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas.Unit2⑦Everymonth,theCommunityServicesCenteroffersseverallecturesonhealthandfitness(inhopesof)introducingpeopletohealthierlifestyles.Doyouknowwho(cameupwith)theideaofhavingcheesecakefordessertyesterday?Itwasdeliciousandmadeeveryonehappy.ThepainmedicationleftClaudiafeelingratherdullandsleepy,andsoonafterdinnersheapologizedforbeingsuchpoorcompanyand(excusedherself)tobed.WhenIwasyoung,I(wasobsessedwith)maps,andIsometimesspentthewholedaychartinglandroutesfromonepointtoanother.Tomakeimmigrantscomfortable(reachingoutto)policeforhelp,morethan70citiesnowbarpolicefromaskingthemtoprovetheirlegalstatus.Marywasoftenaccusedof"havingastrongpersonality"becauseshewasnotafraidto(voiceanopinionon)subjectsaboutwhichshewasknowledgeable.Attheendofhisterminoffice,thegovernorwascriticizedforfailureto(liveupto)hiscampaignpromise.Resultsofasurveyrevealedthatofthetop10automobilemakers(intermsof)customersatisfaction,sixwereJapaneseandtwowereGerman.Unit3⑦Becauseofhisquietpersonality,manypeoplesaidtheywouldnotelecthimpresidentoftheinstitutethoughthey(1)(held)him(2)(inhighregard).PetergraduatedfromcollegeinJuneandstartedhisworkintheautocompanyinAugust.(Intheinterim),hetookatriparoundthecountry.Whenhisadvertisementusingthenewdigitaltechniquedrewasmanyas5,000responsesovernight,heknewhe(wasontosomething).Whenstudentsaremoreinvolvedintheiracademicandextracurricularactivities,theywillexperiencearichercampuslife,which(inturn)benefitstheirdevelopment.Thescientistsoftheresearchcenterkeepthegoodhabitofsumminguptheirexperience(fromtimetotime).Whenevertheolderkidsinschooltriedto(pickon)herbrother;shewouldnotbeafraidtostandupforhim.Ifhedoesn'ttrytogetaticketnow,he'sprobablynotgoingtogetone.So,hemightwantto(takeastabat)itonemoretime.Therearealotofreasonsforreplacingyourharddriveoraddinganewonetoyouroldcomputer,buttheyall(boildownto)theneedformorespace.Unit4⑦Afterthepainter'smovetoParisin1904,Picasso'sRosePeriodpaintings(tookon)awarmerandmoreoptimisticmoodthanthepreviousBluePeriod.Thereareanumberofdifferentoccasionswhenyoumightbe(calledupon)tomakeaspeech.Therefore,youneedtopracticehowtospeaktoalargeaudience.SchoolsintheUSbelievethatcheatinginexaminations(runsagainstthegrain)ofthe"honorsystem"proposedbyTomasJeffersonhundredsofyearsago.Beingamajorglobalconcern,rapidpopulationgrowthisbelievedbymanyto(beincompatiblewith)sustainablemanagementoftheenvironment.Itseemsthatmanypeoplehave(comethrough)periodsofstress,withmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Moreandmorenativeplantsdisappeareveryyear.Savingthemisimportantbecauseourownsurvival(isboundup)withtheirfate.Iゼsuptoyouto(differentiatebetween)thosewhohaveyourinterestsatheartandthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofyou.AlthoughJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotternovelsarewrittenfor"ages9-12",they(havestruckachordwith)manyolderreaders.Unit5⑦Wechattedforhalfanhourbeforehefinally(gottothepoint):HewantedtoworkasabusinessconsultantandwonderedifIcouldpassalongthenamesofcertainpotentialclients.Scientistsattheresearchcenteridentifiedvariousfeaturesthat(areattachedto)thecommoditiespurchasedbyfemaleconsumers.Thethreemountainclimbers(wouldhavestarvedtodeath)ifthevillagershadnotfoundthemlyingatthebottomofthevalley.Theboylookeduptimidlyathisfatherwhowassittingnexttohim,buthedidn'tstopcrying.(Ifanything),hiscryingbecamemoreintense.Sincenooneknewhowthediseasespread,they(weresuspiciousof)everything,includingmosquitoes,swimmingpools,andpeoplefromotherneighborhoods.Atthepressconference,thegovernmentspokesmanavoidedansweringthequestionabouthealth-carereformdirectly.Insteadhejust(wanderedaround)totalkabouttheharsheconomicsituation.Mr.Rogers,whomyoumetinthemuseumyesterday,worksasasoftwareengineerandplaysfolkmusic(ontheside).Theseschoolswereselectedforoursurveybecausethecompositionoftheirstudentbodies(wasrepresentativeof)thedistrict'senrollment,whichincludedalargeproportionofchildrenfromimmigrantfamilies.英譯漢UNIT1AristotlewasanancientGreekphilosopherandscientist.亞里士多德是古希臘的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家。Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics,biology,zoology,logic,ethics,poetry,theater,music,linguistics,politicsandgovernment,andconstitutethefirstcomprehensivesystemofWesternphilosophy.他的作品涵蓋了許多學(xué)科,包括物理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、動(dòng)物學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、詩(shī)歌、戲劇、音樂(lè)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、政治和政府,構(gòu)成了第一個(gè)綜合的西方哲學(xué)體系。Aristotlewasthefirsttoclassifyareasofhumanknowledgeintodistinctdisciplinessuchasmathematics,biology,andethics.亞里士多德是第一個(gè)將人類(lèi)的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域劃分為不同學(xué)科的

人,如數(shù)學(xué),生物學(xué)和倫理學(xué)。Hebelievedallpeople'sconceptsandalltheirknowledgewereultimatelybasedonperception,他相信人所有的觀念和所有的知識(shí)在根本上都是基于感知能力〇Hisviewsonnaturalscienceslaidthegroundworkformanyofhisworks.他對(duì)自然科學(xué)的看法構(gòu)成了他許多作品的基礎(chǔ)。Hecontributedtoalmosteveryfieldofhumanknowledgeinhisera.他幾乎對(duì)他所處時(shí)期的每一個(gè)人類(lèi)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域都作出了貢獻(xiàn)。Hisworkscontaintheearliestknownformalstudyoflogic,andeventodayallaspectsofAristotle'sphilosophycontinuetobetheimportantsubjectofacademicstudy.他的作品包含了人們所知的最早的關(guān)于邏輯的正式研究,即使在今天,亞里士多德哲學(xué)所涵蓋的方方面面仍是學(xué)術(shù)研究的重要課題。Hisphilosophyhadalong-lastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofallWesternphilosophicaltheories.他的哲學(xué)對(duì)所有的西方哲學(xué)理論的發(fā)展有著經(jīng)久不衰的影響。Morethan2,300yearsafterhisdeath,Aristotleremainsoneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersandscientists,在去世2,300多年后,亞里士多德仍是最有影響力的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家之一。UNIT2WilliamShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminent（杰出的）dramatist.人們普遍認(rèn)為,威廉?莎士比亞是最偉大的英語(yǔ)作家和世界杰出的戲劇家。Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoavastnumberoflanguagesandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.他的劇本被譯成多種語(yǔ)言,并且比其他任何劇作家的作品都上演得多。Shakespeare'searlyworksweremostlycomediesandhistories,莎士比亞的早期作品大多是喜劇和歷史劇。whichhavethereputationofbeingamongthefinestmasterpiecesproducedinthesegenres（體裁）eventoday.即使在今天,這些作品仍是同類(lèi)作品中的杰作,享有絕佳聲望。Lateron,Shakespearewrotemainlytragedies,someofwhich,likeHamletandKingLear,earnedhimfameintheentireWesternliterature.后來(lái)莎士比亞的創(chuàng)作主要是悲劇,其中一些作品,如《哈姆雷特》和《李爾王》,為其在整個(gè)西方文學(xué)界贏得了聲譽(yù)。ThemoststrikingfeaturesofShakespearearehisbrilliantuseoflanguageandhisuniversalthemes.莎士比亞最顯著的特點(diǎn)是其精彩的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用及具有普遍意義的主題。HecontributedthousandsofwordstoEnglish,manyofwhichhavebecomeembeddedinthelanguage.他創(chuàng)造了數(shù)千個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞匯,其中許多已經(jīng)深植于英語(yǔ)中。Histhemesaresouniversalthattheytranscendgenerationstostirtheimaginationsofreadersandaudiencesworldwide.他的作品主題具有普遍意義,所以能夠數(shù)代流傳,激發(fā)世界各地讀者和觀眾的想象カ。Shakespearehasinfluencedandinspiredmanywritersoverthecenturies,數(shù)世紀(jì)以來(lái),莎士比亞影響和激勵(lì)了許多作家。Hiswritingsremainhighlypopulartoday,andtheyareconstantlystudied,performed,andreinterpretedindiverseculturesthroughouttheworld.其作品至今依舊廣受歡迎,在世界各地的文化中被不斷地研究、上演和詮釋。Shakespearewillcontinuetohaveanenormousimpactonfutureplaywrights,novelists,poets,actors,andscholars.莎士比亞將繼續(xù)對(duì)未來(lái)的劇作家、小說(shuō)家、詩(shī)人、演員和學(xué)者產(chǎn)生巨大影響。UNIT3WiththedevelopmentofcomputerscienceandtheInternettechnology,socialnetworkingservices（SNS）havecometobeawidelypopularplatformtobuildsocial

networksorsocialrelationsamongpeopleinrecentyears.近年來(lái),隨著計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（SNS）已經(jīng)成為人們構(gòu)建社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和社會(huì)關(guān)系的ー個(gè)廣受歡迎的平臺(tái)。SNSareweb-basedservicesthatallowindividualstocreateapublicprofile,createalistofuserswithwhomtoshareconnection,andviewandcrosstheconnectionswithinthesystem.SNS是基于網(wǎng)頁(yè)的服務(wù),允許個(gè)人創(chuàng)建面向公眾的個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介,創(chuàng)建用戶(hù)名單以分享社會(huì)聯(lián)系,并對(duì)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的關(guān)系網(wǎng)進(jìn)行瀏覽和交叉連接。Socialnetworkingsitesarevariedandtheyincorporatenewinformationandcommunicationtools,allowinguserstoshareideas,pictures,posts,activities,events,interestswithpeopleintheirnetwork.社交網(wǎng)站多種多樣,可整合各種新的信息及通訊工具,并允許用戶(hù)跟網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的其他人分享觀點(diǎn)、圖片、帖子、活動(dòng)、事件以及興趣愛(ài)好等。SNShaveaffectedthesociallifeandactivityofpeopleinvariousways.SNS已通過(guò)各種方式影響到人們的社會(huì)生活以及社交活動(dòng)。Withitsavailabilityonmanymobiledevices,asocialnetworkingserviceallowstheuserstocontinuouslystayintouchwithfriends,relativesandotheracquaintanceswherevertheyareintheworld,aslongasthereisaccesstotheInternet.隨著各種移動(dòng)設(shè)備對(duì)SNS訪問(wèn)的實(shí)現(xiàn),只要能連接上互聯(lián)網(wǎng),用戶(hù)在世界上的任何地方都能一直與朋友、親戚及其他認(rèn)識(shí)的人保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。Asocialnetworkingservicecanalsounitepeoplewithcommoninterestsandbeliefsthroughgroupsandotherpages,andhasbeenknowntoreunitelostfamilymembersandfriendsbecauseofthewidespreadreachofitsnetwork.SNS還可讓擁有相同興趣和信念的人通過(guò)群組或其他頁(yè)面建立聯(lián)系,同時(shí),由于其網(wǎng)絡(luò)分布廣闊,還能讓失散的家庭成員或朋友重新團(tuán)聚,這點(diǎn)早已為人所知。UNIT4BaroquearchitectureisabuildingstylethatflourishedinEuropebetweenthelate16thandmid-18thcentury.巴洛克建筑是ー種建筑風(fēng)格,興盛于16世紀(jì)晚期至18世紀(jì)中期的歐洲。ItevolvedoutofRenaissancearchitectureinItaly,whentheRenaissancearchitectsbegantogetboredofthesymmetry（對(duì)的（）andsameoldformstheyhadbeenusingforthepast200years,andstartedtomakebold,curvingandnotatallsymmetricalbuildingscalledtheBaroquebuildings.它由意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的建筑發(fā)展而來(lái),當(dāng)時(shí)文藝復(fù)興建筑師開(kāi)始對(duì)過(guò)去200多年來(lái)一直沿用的對(duì)稱(chēng)的、一成不變的舊建筑形式感到厭倦,開(kāi)始建造醒目的、具有曲線(xiàn)性而非對(duì)稱(chēng)的巴洛克建筑。Baroque-stylebuildingssharesomecommoncharacteristics.巴洛克風(fēng)格的建筑有一些共同特征。Marble,gilt（鍍金）andbronzewerethematerialstheBaroquearchitectsusedinabundance.大理石、鍍金、青銅是巴洛克建筑師大量使用的材料。OvalwasthemostdistinctandaverycommonshapeincorporatedintoBaroquearchitecture.橢圓形是巴洛克建筑最鮮明且十分常見(jiàn)的形狀。Dramaticuseoflightisimportant,andisachievedeitherthroughstronglight-and-shadecontrastsoruniformlightingbymeansofwindows.戲劇性的光照運(yùn)用也是其重要特征,主要是通過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的光影對(duì)比或由窗戶(hù)進(jìn)入的均勻光線(xiàn)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。Opulentuseofcolorandornamentsisprevalent,ascanbeseeninthelarge-scalefrescoes（濕壁畫(huà)）paintedontheceilings.豐富的色彩和裝飾運(yùn)用也很常見(jiàn),這從天花板上的大幅壁畫(huà)中可以看出。Thereisusuallyacentralprojectionthatisquitelargeandjutsoutward,anddomeserectedinapearshapeareoftenseen.巴洛克建筑通常正中還有一個(gè)相當(dāng)大并且向外突出的部分,梨形的拱頂也

十分常見(jiàn)。Themostwell-knownBaroquebuildingsincludetheSt.Paul'sCathedralintheUKandthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance.最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英國(guó)的圣保羅大教堂和法國(guó)的凡爾賽宮。GianLorenzoBerniniandFrancescoBorrominiwerethetwomainarchitectsoftheBaroqueera,杰安?勞倫佐?貝尼尼和弗朗西斯科?博羅米尼是巴洛克時(shí)期兩位主要的建筑師。UNIT5TheRenaissancewasaninfluentialculturalmovementwhichbroughtaboutaperiodofscientificrevolutionandartistic