新視野大學(xué)英語第二版第四冊教案1-5單元

BookFourUnitOneSectionATheTemptationofaRespectableWomanI.ABriefIntroductionThetextdescribesthechangeinthefeelingsofMrs.Baroda,arespectablewoman,towardsherhusband'sgoodfriend,Gouvemail.Atfirst,Gouvernailseemedquietandboring,whichgreatlyannoyedher.Butjustatthenightbeforeherdepartureforthecity,theconversationbetweenthemtotallychangedherfeelingstowardshim.Shewasdeeplyattractedbyhistoneofvoice.However,sheresistedthetemptationbyleavinghomewithoutsayinggoodbyetohim.Atlast,sheovercameeverythingandacceptedherhusband'ssuggestionofhavingGouvemailvisittheirplantationagain.II.StructureAnalysisPartOne(Para.l):Mrs.Barodawasalittleannoyedtolearnthatherhusbandexpectedhisfriend,Gouvemail,tospend_aweekortwo_ontheirplantation.PartTwo(Para.2-10):Mrs.BarodafeltdepressedaboutGouvemail'squietpersonalityandfrustratedatbeingunabletopenetratehissilence.PartThree(Para.11-19):Onenight,theconversationbetweenMrs.BarodaandGouvemailtotallychangedherfeelingstowardshim.Shewasdeeplyattractedbyhistoneofvoice.PartFour(Para.20):Inordertoresistthetemptation,Mrs.BarodatookanearlymorningtraintothecitywithoutevensayingfarewelltoGouvemailanddidnotreturnuntilheleftherhome.PartFive(Para.21):Duringthesummerthatfollowed,Mr.BarodagreatlydesiredthathisfriendshouldvisitthemagainbutMrs.Barodavigorouslyopposedthis.PartSix(Para.22-24):Beforetheyearended,Mrs.BarodaproposedtohaveGouvemailvisitthemagainasshehadovercomeeverything.HLNewWordsandUsefulPhrasesA,NewWordstemptationn.L［U］誘惑2JC］誘惑物avoidtemptation避開誘惑IknowIshouldn'teatchocolatecakewhenI'mdieting,butIfindithardtoresistthetemptation.我知道在節(jié)食期間不該吃巧克力,但我很難抗拒誘惑。Allthatmoneyiscertainlyabigtemptation.那些錢當(dāng)然是個(gè)極大的誘惑。yieldto/givewaytothetemptationof經(jīng)不住...的誘惑resisttemptation抵制誘惑fallintotemptation受誘惑temptvt.引誘;temptern.引誘者;temptinga.誘人的idlea.1).無目的的anidleglance漫不經(jīng)心的一瞥Idon'tknowwhyIasked—justidlecuriosity.我不知道我為什么問這個(gè)問題,只是出于無意義的好奇心吧。.閑散的,懶散的,無所事事的Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.機(jī)器出故障時(shí),人們就閑著沒事干了。.空閑的,閑著的Wecan'taffordtohaveallthisexpensivemachinerylyingidle.讓所有這些貴重機(jī)器閑置著,我們可擔(dān)負(fù)不起損失。Thenewfinancialsupervisorintendstomakefulluseofthecompany'sidlecapital.新來的財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)打算充分利用公司的閑置資本。idleaway(one'stime)虛度光陰 idleabout閑逛，無所事事idlenessn.懶散;idlyad.懶散地lazya.懶散的busya.忙的penetratev.穿透,滲入,進(jìn)入Therainpenetratedthroughtohisskin,雨把他淋得渾身濕透了。Oureyescouldn'tpenetratethedarkness.我們的眼睛無法透過黑暗看東西。penetrationn.滲透(力),洞察力:penetratinga.滲透的,有洞察力的［辨析］penetrate,pierce這兩個(gè)詞均含有“穿透,刺入”之意。Penetrate較正式,且意義廣泛,既可指用任何エ具穿透或穿入,也可指光線、聲音等自然地透過物體,多與into或through連用。Pierce指用尖利的東西刺入或刺穿,如:Anailpiercedthetireofmybicycle,一枚釘子扎進(jìn)我的自行車輪胎里。witn.l.［U］機(jī)敏風(fēng)趣 aconversationfullofwit機(jī)智風(fēng)趣的談話［C］機(jī)敏風(fēng)趣的人OscarWildewasafamouswit.奧斯卡?王爾德是個(gè)出名的機(jī)敏風(fēng)趣的人。atone'swit's/wits'end窮于應(yīng)付;不知所措,困惑wittya.詼諧的，風(fēng)趣的;witteda.有某種智力的,如slow-witted反應(yīng)慢的;quick-witted反應(yīng)快的sheera.l).(織物)極薄的,輕的sheernylontights透明的尼龍連褲襪.完全的,徹底的Itissheernonsense.這純粹是胡言亂語。Itwouldbesheerfollytobuysuchalargecar-wewouldn'tbeabletoaffordtorunit.頭M樣大的ー輛車真是愚蠢,我們根本開不起它。sheernonsense毫無意義,胡說八道bysheerchance純屬偶然地asheercliff懸崖，峭壁sheerlyad.完全地，徹底地;sheemessn.完全,垂直observationn.l.［C］評論Hemadesomeinterestingobservationsonthecurrenteconomicsituation.他對當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢作了一些有趣的評論。Shemadeafewgeneralobservationsaboutmywork.她對我的工作籠統(tǒng)地作了評論。2.［U,C］觀察;觀察記錄closeandcarefulobservationofananimal'sbehavior對動(dòng)物行為的密切仔細(xì)的觀察Thepatientwaskeptunderobservationallnight.這位病人被觀察了一整夜。Theyhavepublishedtheirobservationsofthesebirds.他們發(fā)表對這些鳥的觀察報(bào)告。ke叩...under(close)observation對...(密切)監(jiān)視Anobservationon/upon關(guān)于 的評論observevt.觀察,評論;observern.觀察者，觀察員;observatoryn.天文臺(tái)，觀測臺(tái)7.gazen.［C］注視,凝視v注視,凝視Heturnedhisheadaway,feelingtooashamedtomeethergaze.他把頭扭開了,不敢與她凝視的目光對視。Shefeltuncomfortableunderhisintensegaze.在他的密切注視下,她感到不自在。ShegazedatmeindisbeliefwhenItoldherthenews.當(dāng)我告訴她這個(gè)消息時(shí)她難以置信地注視著我。Hesatforhoursjustgazingoutofthewindow.他注視著窗外坐了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。［習(xí)慣用法］gazeat/on/upon/into注意,凝視［辨析］gaze,stare這兩個(gè)詞均有“注視,凝視”之意。Gaze強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視或凝視。Stare則常指由于迷惑、害怕、發(fā)怒或沉思而睜大眼睛盯著某物、某人或遠(yuǎn)方Theteacherstaredtheclassintosilence.老師瞪著全班學(xué)生直到他們安靜下來。8.keena.l).強(qiáng)烈的,激烈的,敏銳的akeeneye敏銳的目光akeendesire強(qiáng)烈的愿望Manypeoplearetakingakeeninterestintheresultofthevote.許多人對投票結(jié)果非常感興趣。2).熱衷的,熱心的,渴望的HewantedtogotoamoviebutIwasn'tkeen,他想去看電影,可我并不熱心。Wewerekeenaboutgoingtothepicnic.我們渴望去野餐。She'skeenon(playing)tennis.她很喜歡打網(wǎng)球。bekeenon(doing)sth.對某事感興趣,渴望做某事keepakeeneyeon用敏銳的眼光觀察bekeentodosth.渴望做某事，熱衷于做某事keenlyad.熱心地，敏銳地,激烈地;keennessn.熱心，敏銳，激烈，鋒利uprighta.正直的,誠實(shí)的Shebehavedasanyuprightcitizenwouldhavedoneunderthecircumstances.她像所有正直的公民在這種情況下會(huì)做的那樣做了。a.&ad.挺直的(地),豎立的(地),垂直的(地)Standuprightwhenyou'rebeingspokento!別人對你說話時(shí)你要站直!［派生］uprightlyad.直立地,筆直地;uprightnessn.直立［同義詞］vertical垂直的,直立;honest正直的,誠實(shí)的farewelln.［C］(formal)goodbye告別,再見WesaidourfarewellstoourdearfHends.我們跟親愛的朋友們道別。Theywavedfarewelltotheirfriends.他們揮手向朋友們告別。farewelldinner/gift/speech告別宴會(huì)/辭行贈(zèng)禮/告別演講、sayfarewellt〇…向 辭別waveafarewell揮手告別［同義詞］goodbye再見proposev.l)打算，計(jì)劃IproposetogotoLondononMonday.我打算星期一去倫敦。Weproposeaholidayintheearlyspring.我們打算春天開始的時(shí)候去度假。2).提議,提出Heproposedrestingforhalfanhour.他提議休息半小時(shí)。Theyproposedthatwedealdirectlywiththesuppliers.他們提議我們直接和供應(yīng)商打交道。Theyproposedcutsinpublicspending.他們建議削減公共開支。proposedoingsth.建議做某事,提議做某事proposetodosth.打算做某事proposaln.提議,建議;求婚［同義詞］suggest建議overcome(overcame,overcome)v.1.戰(zhàn)勝，克服overcometheenemy戰(zhàn)勝敵人overcomeabadhabit克服一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣2.被(煙、氣、感情等)壓倒，Shewasovercomewithemotion.她激動(dòng)得不能自持。beovercomeby/with因…而受不了,被…壓倒了［同義詞］conquer戰(zhàn)勝,克服13.deservev.應(yīng)得應(yīng)受,值得Afterallthathardworkyoudeserveaholiday.憑你的勤奮工作,你理應(yīng)休?次假。Hedeservesourspecialthanksforallhisefforts.他的努力應(yīng)得到我們特別的謝意。Yoursuggestiondeservestobeconsideredseriously.你的建議值得認(rèn)真考慮。Somepointsinthisreportdeservebeingdiscussedinmoredetail.報(bào)告中的ー些要點(diǎn)值得進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的討論。［派生1deserveda.應(yīng)受的,應(yīng)得的;deservinga.值得的,該得的B:UsefulPhrasesforthemostpart:mostly;usually多半,就大多數(shù)而言,通常Forthemostpart,heisfhendly.總的來說，他是友好的。Theirremarksareforthemostpartcorrect.他們說的話大部分是正確的。imposeone'scompany/oneselfuponsb.:硬纏著某人Don'timposeyourcompanyonthem.Theyarebusywiththeirwork.別纏著他們了,他們正忙著呢!Adrunkentrampimposedhiscompanyonus.ー個(gè)醉醺醺的流浪漢纏著我們不走。formypart:speakingforoneself;personally就我而言,至于我formypart,wasveryexcitedtoseetheImperialPalaceinBeijing.就我來說,看見北京的故宮我非常興奮。Idon'tknowwhathewantstodo,butformypart,Iwouldbegladtogo.我不知道他想干什么,至于我,倒是很想去的。countupon/on:expect;dependon料想;依靠,指望I'mcountingonmyteachertohelpme.我正指望我的老師來幫我。Youcan'tcountontheweatherbeingfine.你不能指望天晴。［擴(kuò)展1countagainst（被）認(rèn)為對…不利countdown（發(fā)射火箭等時(shí)）倒數(shù)countin把 算在內(nèi) countout逐一數(shù)出;不把 算入countup達(dá)到（總數(shù)），共計(jì)makeafussabout:對 小題大做,對 大驚小怪Pleasedon'tmakeafussaboutsuchasmallthing.請別為這點(diǎn)丿し小事大驚小怪。I'msorryformakingsuchafussaboutthenoise.我很抱歉對噪音這樣大驚小怪。［辨析］makeafussabout,makeafussof/overmakeafussabout意為"對小題大做，對大驚小怪"。makeafussof/over意為“對 關(guān)懷備至,過分注意”,如:Don'tmakesomuchfussoverthechildren.不要對孩子照顧得太過分。rundown:（使）筋疲カ盡;（使）衰退Hishealthhasrundown;what'sthematter?他身體不如從前了,怎么回事?Heisrundownbecausehe'sbeenworkingtoohard.他勞累過度,把身體搞垮了。asuccessionof:aseriesof一系列,~?連串They'vehadasuccessionofbadharvestsinthelastfouryears.他們過去4年遭遇接二連三的歉收。Asuccessionofvisitorscometothedoor.登門造訪的人接踵而來。drinkin:陶醉于；如饑似渴地傾聽Theystoppedforamomenttodrinkinthebeautyofthescenery.他們逗留了一會(huì)兒,欣賞著周圍的優(yōu)美環(huán)境。Theydrankinthedeliciousmusic.他們?nèi)绨V如醉地傾聽那優(yōu)美的音樂。yieldto:讓步于,屈服于Hesaidhewouldgiveupsmoking,butheendedupyieldingtothetemptationandtookacigarette.他說他要戒煙,但終究還是經(jīng)不起誘惑,又抽上了。Intheend,heyieldedtohisson'srequesttobuyacar.他終于屈服于兒子買車的要求。IV.DetailedStudyoftheTextTheTemptationofaRespectableWoman（Title）respectable:a.consideredtobesociallyacceptablebecauseofhavingagoodcharacterorappearance,orhavingawaythatisapprovedofSheisarespectableyoungwomanfromagoodfamily.她是一位出身良好的體面的年輕女子。Compare:respective:a.oforforeachone;particularandseparateAfterafewdayswithhim,shecouldunderstandhimnobetterthanatfirst.(Pa.2)Meaning:Afterafewdayswithhimonherplantation,sheknewnomoreaboutGouvemailthanattheverybeginning.Note:"no"means"notatall'*,andcanbeusedasanadverbbeforecomparatives.Theexamisnomoredifficultthanthetestsyou'vebeendoinginclass.這次考試一點(diǎn)也不比你們一直做的課堂測驗(yàn)難。It'snocoldertodaythanitwasyesterdaybutit*snowarmereither.今天并不比昨天冷,但也不比昨天熱。...sheimposedhercompanyuponhim,accompanyinghiminhisidlewalkstothemill...(Para.2)Meaning:...sheforcedhimtoaccepthercompanynomatterwhetherhelikeditornot,takingaimlesswalkswithhimtothemill...Note:accompanysb.tosomeplace:gowithsb.tosomeplace"Youarefullofsurprises,"hesaidtoher."EvenIcannevercountuponhowyouaregoingtoactundergivenconditions."(Para.7)Meaning:Hetoldhiswifethatshewasalwayssaying/doingsomeunexpectedthingsandhe,asherhusband,couldneverknowhowshewouldbehaveinacertainsituationhewenton,"takingpoorGouvernailseriouslyandmakingafussabouthim,thelastthinghewoulddesireorexpect."(Para.7)Meaning:...hecontinuedsayingthatshewaspayingtoomuchattentiontoGouvemailandshowingtoomuchanxietyabouthim.ThatwaswhatGouvemaildisliked.LetmeknowwhenMr.Gouvemailisgone;untilthattimeIshallbeatmyaunt'shouse.(Para.10)Meaning:Mrs.Barodatoldherhusbandthatshewouldstayatheraunt'shouseuntilGouvemaillefttheirhouse.Shehadneverknownherthoughtstobesoconfused;likethebatsnowaboveher,herthoughtsquicklyflewthiswayandthat.(Para.11)Meaning:Herthoughtsweresoconfused,whichshehadneverexperiencedbefore,andshecouldnotconcentratehermindonanything.Shecouldgathernothingfromthembutthefeelingofadistinctnecessitytoleaveherhomethenextmorning.(Para.11)Meaning:Shecouldonlyfeelthatitwasdefinitelynecessaryforhertoleaveherhomethenextmorning.Thenashisgazereachedoutintothedarkness,hebegantotalk.(Para.14)Meaning:Thenashelookedintothedark,hebegantotalk.Mrs.Barodawasgreatlytemptedthatnighttotellherhusband—whowasalsoherfriend—ofthisfoolishnessthathadseizedhe匚(Para.18)Meaning:Thatnight,Mrs.BarodawouldlikeverymuchtotellherhusbandaboutherfeelingsthatsuddenlyanddeeplyaffectedherwhenshewaswithGouvemailbutthisdesireyieldedtohishonorablewife'svigorousopposition.(Para.21)Meaning:...hehadtogiveuphisdesiretoinviteGouvemailtovisitthemagainbecauseofhiswife'sstrongobjection.UnitOneSectionBTheObligationsandResponsibilitiestoMarriage!?BackgroundInformationChangesinmodemfamily:Familieshaveundergoneamajortransformationinthepastgenerationandarcpoisedtochangeevenmoreinthecomingcentury.Householdswillmovefurtherawayfromthefamily-structuremodelofastay-at-homemother,workingfather,andchildren,accordingtoanewreportfromtheNationalOpinionResearchCenterattheUniversityofChicago.Becauseofdivorce,cohabitationandsingleparenthood,amajorityoffamiliesrearingchildreninthenextcenturywillprobablynotincludethechildren'stwooriginalparents.Moreover,mosthouseholdswillnotincludechildren.Marriagehasdeclinedaspeoplemarryolderanddivorceandcohabitmore.Agrowingproportionofchildrenhasbeenbornoutsideofmarriage.Evenwithinmarriagethechangeshavebeenprofoundasmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelaborforceandgenderroleshavebecomemorehomogenousbetweenhusbandsandwives.Thosechangesarehavinganimpactonhowpeoplethinkaboutfamilylife,andasaresult,theconceptoffamilytendstobemoreelastic.II.NewWordsandUsefulPhrasesA.NewWordsoffense(英offence)n.l[U]冒犯,傷感情DoyouthinkhetookoffenceatwhatIsaid?你認(rèn)為他會(huì)對我說的話生氣嗎?Don'tbeupsetbywhathesaid-hemeantnooffence.不要為他的話煩惱他沒有惡意。2.[C]anillegalact;acrime犯罪行為,罪行aseriousoffenceー項(xiàng)重大的罪行aminoroffenceー項(xiàng)輕微的罪行commitanoffenceagainstthelaw犯法Drivingwithoutalicenseisanoffence.無照駕駛是ー種違法行為。anoffenseagainst對..?的冒犯meannooffense無意冒犯takeoffense生氣offendvt.冒犯,得罪,違反;offensivea.冒犯的,無禮的relevant:a.有關(guān)的,相關(guān)的Theevidenceisrelevanttothecase.該證據(jù)與此案有關(guān)。Hiscolorisnotrelevanttowhetherhe'sagoodlawyerornot.他的膚色與他是否是一個(gè)好律師無關(guān)。berelevantto與…有關(guān)relevantlyad.有關(guān)聯(lián)地;relevancen.關(guān)聯(lián),irrelevant無關(guān)的transmissionn.l.[U]傳播,傳送thetransmissionofnews/disease消息的傳達(dá)/疾病的傳播2.[C]aradioortelevisionbroadcast廣播或電視播送alivetransmissionfromBeijing來自北京的現(xiàn)場直播datetransmission數(shù)據(jù)傳送Millionswouldhearthattransmission.將有數(shù)百萬人聽到那次廣播節(jié)目。thetransmissionofdiseases疾病的傳播transmitvt,播送,發(fā)射,傳送hollowa.1.無價(jià)值的,空洞的,虛偽的ahollowvictory沒有價(jià)值的勝利Willtheirgoodintentionsbecomerealitiesorhollowpromises?他們的好意會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)還是成為空話?2.中空的，空心的hollowblocks空心石專guarantee:n.&misewithcertainty保證,擔(dān)保Thewatchisguaranteedforthreeyears.這只手表保修三年。Thereisnoguaranteethatitwillbeniceweathertomorrow.無法保證明天將有個(gè)好天氣2.[C]保證;(尤指)商品使用保證書Thesystemcosts$150,includingpostage,packinganda12-monthguarantee.這個(gè)系統(tǒng)售價(jià)150美元,包括郵費(fèi)、包裝費(fèi)和12個(gè)月的使用保證。guaranteesb.againststh.保證某人免受…guaranteesth.（tosb.）（向某人）擔(dān)保某事 underguarantee在保修期內(nèi)6.interpretv.L解釋,說明,理解Canyouinterpretthemeaningofthesepassages7你能解釋一下這幾篇文章的意思嗎?Iinterpretedhersmileas叩provaL我把她的微笑理解為贊同。2.翻譯,口譯Idon'tspeakChinese;willyouinterpretwhatshesaysforme?我不會(huì)說中文,請你把她說的話翻譯給我聽好嗎?interpretforsb.為某人翻譯interpret...as...把…理解為…interpretern.譯員,U譯者;interpretationn.解釋,說明,翻譯interpretativea.解釋的,說明的［辨析］:Interpret僅指口頭翻譯。translate兼指口頭和筆頭翻譯。フ.sacrificen.［U］犧牲v.犧牲,獻(xiàn)出Wehadtomakesacrificesandgowithoutentertainmentinordertopayforourchildren'seducation.為T支付孩子們的教育費(fèi)用,我們放棄娛樂,做出犧牲。Hesacrificedhislifetryingtosavethechildfromtheburninghouse.為了把這個(gè)孩子從著火的房子里救出來,他獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。Thepeoplearepreparedtosacrificeeverythingtoachievevictory.人們已做好準(zhǔn)備為取得勝利而獻(xiàn)出一切。［習(xí)］:sacrificefor為…而犧牲makesacrifices/asacrifice做出犧牲sacrificiala.犧牲的,獻(xiàn)祭的pursuevt.1.trytoachieve追求,從事pursuehappiness追求幸福Sheisruthlessinpursuinghergoals/aims/objectives.她在追求她的H標(biāo)時(shí)冷酷無情。Theytriedtopursuepeacewithhim.他們試圖向他求和。2.追趕,追擊Thepolicepursuedthewrongcar.警察追錯(cuò)了汽車。［派生］:pursuitn.追求,追趕;pursuern.追求者,追趕者［同義詞］:chase追趕,追蹤passionn.l.［U,C］激情,熱情anintensepassion強(qiáng)烈的感情apatrioticpassion愛國熱情Theyarequitewithoutpassion.他們絲毫沒有激情。2.［U,C］熱愛,強(qiáng)烈的愛好Shehadapassionforchocolate.她特別喜歡吃巧克カ。Youmayhavepassionforher,butitisnotlove.你也許I?分喜歡她,但這不是愛情。［習(xí)］:haveapassionfor...對 有強(qiáng)烈的愛好haveapassiontodosth.強(qiáng)烈希望做某事［派生］:passionatea,熱情的,感情強(qiáng)烈的passionlessa.無熱情的passionala.熱情的10.scatterv.（使）分散,驅(qū)散;撒播Thestudentsscatteredinalldirections.學(xué)生們朝各個(gè)方向散去。Thesoldierscameinandscatteredthecrowd.士兵進(jìn)來把人群驅(qū)散了。Iscatteredgrassseedalloverthelawn.我把草籽撒在整個(gè)草坪上。scatter...on/over把...散布（撒）在 Lscattersth.withsth.把某物撒在（某物表面）上scattereda,散布的,分散的;scatteringa.分散的,零亂的regulatevt.L管理,控制HismotherstrictlyregulateshowmuchTVhecanwatch.他母親嚴(yán)格控制他看電視的量。Hehasawell-regulatedlifestyle,他的生活方式很有規(guī)律。2.adjust調(diào)節(jié),調(diào)理Pleaseregulatethesoundoftheradio.請調(diào)ー下收音機(jī)的聲音。Youcanregulatethetemperatureinthehousebyadjustingthethermostatandradiators.通過調(diào)節(jié)恒溫器和散熱器你可以調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)溫度。［派生］:regulationn,管理,控制,調(diào)節(jié);regulatorn,管理者,調(diào)整者［辨析］:regulate,manage這兩個(gè)詞均含有“管理”之意。Regulate指通過法規(guī)、原則或確立的方式進(jìn)行管理。Manage強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)營方面的管理,指對具體事物的實(shí)際管理或處理,如:Hemanagedthecompanyinsteadofhisfather.他代替父親管理公司〇mo(u)ldv.l.guideorcontrolthedevelopmentofsb./sth.;shapeorinfluencesb./sth,把 塑造成,使形成Firmdisciplinehelpsmouldachild*scharacter.嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律有助于塑造孩子的性格。Ihatethewayyou'realwaystryingtomouldmeintosomethingyouwantmetobe.我討厭你總想把我變成你希望我成為的那種人。2.shapeasoftsubstanceintoaparticularformorobject澆鑄,用模子制作Theplasticisgoingtobemoldedintoplates.這塑料將被制成盤子。［習(xí)慣用法］:mold...from/outof…用...塑造...〇…將 塑成…［派生］:moldern.制模エ,鑄エmoldingn.模制,壓模moldya.發(fā)霉的sustainvt.keepsth.inexistence維持，使繼續(xù)Theproblemwashowtocreateandsustainpublicinterest.問題是如何引起公眾的興趣并使之經(jīng)久不衰。［習(xí)］:makeasustainedeffort做不懈的努力sustainadefeat/loss/aninjury遭到失敗/損失/傷害同義詞］:support支撐;maintain維持,保持;undergo遭受B:UsefulPhrasessubject...to:(usu.passive)makesb.experiencesth.unpleasant(常用被動(dòng)形式)使遭遇(不愉快之事)Inrecentyears,shehasbeensubjectedtoattacksofdepressions.近年來,她一再受到憂郁癥的侵?jǐn)_。Theyhavebeensubjectedtounjusttreatmentfortoolong.他們長時(shí)間受著不公正的待遇。［辨析］:besubjectedto,besubjecttoBesubjectedto意為“服從于,使遭受……二Besubjectto意為“?；?常遭……5受……支配”,如:Areyousubjecttocolds?你常患感冒嗎?takeoffense:feelupsetorinsulted生氣,見怪Yourparentswilltakeoffenceifyouleaveearly.如果你早走的話，你父母會(huì)見怪的。Hetakesoffenceattheslightesteritieism.他聽至リー點(diǎn)點(diǎn)批評就生氣。lookbackon:thinkaboutorremembersth.thathappenedinthepast回顧，回憶IalwayslookbackonthosedaysIspentinBritain.我總是回想起我在英國度過的歲月。Itwasn*tsuchanexcitingexperiencewhenIlookbackonit.當(dāng)我回想起它的時(shí)候,覺得不是一個(gè)那么令人激動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷。ifanything:ifanythingdefinitecanbesaid,thisisit如果有 的話,甚至于還Yoursuggestioncouldonlymakethingsworseifanything.你的建議只會(huì)使事情變得Theweatherforecastisnotforwarmerweather;ifanything,itisexpectedtobecooler.天氣預(yù)報(bào)說天氣不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)暖,如果有變化的話,只會(huì)變得更涼。comeapart:failorstopworkingeffectively;separateintopieces破裂，朋潰，解體Howisitthattheumbrellahascomeapart?這把傘怎么已經(jīng)散架了?Ipickeduptheoldbookanditjustcameapartinmyhands.我揀起那本舊書,它就在我手中散開了。atwill:asonewishes任意,隨便Youarefreetocomeandgoatwill.你來去自由。Theanimalsareallowedtowanderatwillinthepark.允許動(dòng)物在公園里自由走動(dòng)。byvirtueof:onaccountof;becauseof由于Shesucceededbyvirtueofherhardworkratherthanhertalent.她成功靠的是刻苦努力而不是天生才智。Theplayerdefeatedhisrivalsbyvirtueofgreaterexperience.這位選手憑借更豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)戰(zhàn)勝了對手。betteroff:happierormoreateaseinaspecifiedsiteorposition;findoneselfinamorefavorablefinancialstate比較幸福,更幸運(yùn),更自在We'dbebetteroffwithoutthenoisefromtheneighboringfactory.要是沒有附近工廠的噪音,我們要舒適得多。Theweatherwassobadthatwe'dhavebeenbetteroffstayingathome.天氣這么糟,我們呆在家里反而好。takeoutone'sangeronsb.:treatsb.badlybecauseoneisupsetorangry,eventhoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong向某人發(fā)泄自己的憤怒Shetendedtotakeherfrustrationsoutonchildren.她往往把氣發(fā)在孩子們身上。OK,soyouhadabadday.Don'ttakeitoutonme.好吧,你今天過得糟透了,但不要拿我出氣。resultin:have(sth.)asanoutcomeorconsequence結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致Whatthiswillresultin,onlythefuturecantell.這件事的結(jié)果如何，只有將來才知道。Theearthquakelastyearresultedinthedeathofadozenofpeople.去年的地震導(dǎo)致了十幾人死亡。［辨析］:Resultin意為“導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果"。Resultfrom意為“起因于,因 而千造成"，如:Theterribleaccidentresultedfromhiscarelessness.那樁可怕的意外事件是由于他的粗心大意引起的。takeon:acceptaparticularjoborresponsibilityandbegintodowhatisneeded承扌ロ.，開始イ故Don'ttakeonmorethanyoucanhandle.不要承擔(dān)超出你能力范圍的任務(wù)。WhenItookthisjobonIdidn'texpectittotakeallthistime.我接受這工作時(shí)沒想到會(huì)花這么多時(shí)間。HI.DetailedStudyoftheTextAtdinnerafterwardsIwassubjectedtoahostilequizzingbyagroupofwomenintheirthirtieswhoclaimedthatmywholeanalysisignoredthemostbasicchangeofall.(Para.1)Meaning:AtthefollowingdinnerIwasquestionedinanunfriendlymannerbyagroupofwomenintheirthirties,whostatedthatmywholeanalysisfailedtoconsiderthemostbasicaspectoffamilychange.Lookingbackonit,Ifindtheywereright,butthisrisingtideofchangeisitselftheproblem.(Para.3)Meaning:WhenIthinkaboutwhattheysaid,Ifindtheywereright,butthistrendofchangeitselfcreatessomeproblems.Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations...(Para.3)Meaning:Familycanbedefinedasthelinkbetweengenerations...It'snotjusta"bigstadium"whereeveryonecanenjoytheshow.(Para.3)Meaning:Familyisnotaplacewhereeveryonecancometohavetheirenjoymentandthengo,butaplacewhereparentshavetheirdutyandresponsibility.Bothmarriageandfamilyinvolvelong-termobligationsandresponsibilityforsharedcare,notjustthesearchofhappiness,thathollowgoalofthemodemage.(Para.3)Meaning:Bothmarriageandfamilyincludeastheirimportantpartslong-termdutiesandresponsibilitytotakecareofeachother,notjustlookingforhappiness,whichisanemptygoalofthemodemtime.Themodemnuclearfamilywasrootedinthedesiretolivehappilyinamoreequalmarriage,wheretheraisingofchildrenandtheinvestmentofbothparentsinthechildren'sliveswereguaranteedbybondsoffriendshipbetweentheparents,whichwerebasedonrationallove.(Para.4)Meaning:Themodemnuclearfamilydevelopedfromandwasstronglyinfluencedbythedesiretohaveahappylifeinamoreequalmarriage,inwhichtheraisingofchildrenandthecontributionofbothparentstothechildren'sliveswereensuredbythefriendlytiebasedonthesensiblelovebetweentheparents.Themodemnuclearfamily...(Para.4)Note:nuclearfamily:afamilyunitthatconsistsonlyofhusband,wifeandchildren...Thereisanaturaltendencyfbranyrelationshipbasedonvoluntaryaffectiontocomeapart,butmarriageprovidestheglueneededtokeepacoupletogetherbyprovidingtiesoffamily,inconjunctionwiththeobligationsofparentstochildren.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisquitelikelythatanyrelationshipdevelopedfromvoluntaryaffectionwillend,butmarriage,togetherwiththeobligationsofparentstochildren,keepstherelationshipstablethroughtiesoffamily.WhatpeoplecallthenewLoveFamily,unfortunately,hasreplacedapermanentrelationshipwithanewidealofunlimitedchoice.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisunfortunatethattheso-callednewLoveFamilyhastakentheplaceofapermanentrelationshipamongfamilymemberswithanewidealthatonecanchooseordivorceone'smarriagepartnerasonelikes.Ifmarriageexistsonlyasaromanticrelationshipthatcanbeendedatwill,andfamilyexistsonlybyvirtueofbondsofaffection,bothmarriageandfamilycomesecondtothesearchfbrlove.(Para.7)Meaning:Ifyougetmarriedsimplytoseekaromanticrelationshipthatyoucanendasyoulike,andiftheexistenceoffamilyisonlythroughfeelingsoflove,marriageandfhmilybecomelessimportantthanthesearchoflove.Underthisscheme,individualsattempttomarchtowardsmaximumhappinessastheymovethroughaprocessionofmoreorlesssatisfyingromanticrelationships.(Para.7)Meaning:Accordingtothisunderstandingofloveandfamily,individualstrytogothroughaseriesofdifferentromanticrelationships,pursuingasgreathappinessaspossible.Children,relatives,andthetiesofmutualobligationandcareareleftbehind,withnoplacetogo.(Para.7)Meaning:Children,relatives,andtheresponsibilityandcareinvolvedinmarriageareignoredtheydemandsacrificeandunselfishness,along-terminvestmentoftheparents'timeandmoney.(Para.8)Meaning:...theyaskfbrtheparents'givingupsomevaluablethingsandattachingmoretimeorimportancetotheirneedsandwishes,whichrequiresalong-timecontributionoftheparents'timeandmoney.Thegloryofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,andyourlovefbryourwifeorhusbandmaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.(Para.9)Meaning:Thestrongfeelingsoflovemaywellhavecooled,andyouraffectionfbryourwifeorhusbandmaybelessexcitingorlesssatisfyingthanbefore,butstartingtolookforanotherromanticrelationshipwillbringnobenefittoyourchildrenorit'stoounstable,withadultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearchfbrperfecthappiness.(Para.9)Meaning:...orthefamilyislikelytochangeveryoften,withadultssettingoffinsearchofanotherrelationshipifthepresentonenolongersatisfiestheirdemandofperfecthappiness.Whatdivorcedoesistodamagechildren,makingthemintorefugeesasthepeopleintheirlivesscatterinalldirections.(Para.10)Meaning:Divorcedoesgreatharmtochildren,whoareneglectedwithnoonetocareaboutthem,asthepeopleintheirlivesleavethemfbrdifferentplaces.Iacknowledgethatsomechildrenarebetteroffwithoutaviolentfather,afamilyincomewastedondrinkingorgambling,orunhappyparentstakingouttheirangeroneveryoneinthefamily.(Para.10)Meaning:...Iadmitit'struethatsomechildrenwilllivemorehappilywithoutaviolentfather,withoutafamilyincomewastedondrinkingorgambling,orwithoutparentswhoexpresstheirangerbymakingeveryfamilymembersufferitresultsinpovertyfbrmanywomenandchildren...(Para.11)Meaning:...it(divorce)brings,asaresult,povertytomanywomenandchildren...Andcompletefreedomwillfinallybecomeourchain,leavinguswithnochoicebuttoliveinloneliness,withnoonewhoneedstocareaboutus.(Para.12)Meaning:Andcompletefreedomwilldenyusallfreedomintheend,makingushavenochoicebuttostaylonelyandreceivenocarefromothers.BookFourUnitTwoSectionACharlieChaplinInformationaboutCharlieChaplinCharlieChapinwasbomon16lhApril1889,inWalworth,apoorareaofsouthLondon.Hismotherwasmentallyill.DickensmighthavecreatedCharlie'schildhood,butonlyCharlieChaplincouldhavecreatedthegreatcomiccharacterofthe“tramp”,alittlemaninragswhogavehiscreatorpermanentfame.Hewasanimmenselytalentedman,whowasdeterminedtoadegreeunusualeventheranksofHollywoodstars,hishugefamegavehimboththefreedomandmoreimportantly,themoney,andhisfatewastotallychangedaswell.ChaplindiedonChristmasdayof1977,asagreatcomic,hiswayofhavinglaughonworldwasalwaysrememberedbytherestoftheworld.DetailintroductionofCharlieChaplinCharlieChaplinwasbornonApril16,1889inLondon.Herfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignames,hewasdoingverywell.HermotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.Awonderfulmimic,shehadasweet,charmingvoice.Whiletheywerebynomeans[l]rich,themusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving.Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn*tlastlong.Father'salcoholismwasslowly,butsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce,butHannahwasindomitable[2].Withouther,CharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLond