考研考博-英語-上?？萍即髮W(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上?？萍即髮W(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thehelicopter（

）alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidedwith

B.stumbledon

C.tumbledto

D.collidedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。coincidewith意為“與……一致”；stumbleon意為“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；tumbleto意為“跌到”；collidewith意為“與……相撞”。句意：直升機(jī)與一架輕型飛機(jī)相撞，兩名飛行員都遇難了。

2.單選題

InNovember1987thegovernment（

）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.designated

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開始、發(fā)起”；B選項(xiàng)designate“指定、指派”；C選項(xiàng)induce“引誘、說服”；D選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)、提高”。由關(guān)鍵詞“government”和“publicdebate公開辯論”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思為“發(fā)起”，句意為：1987年11月，政府就官方體育方針政策的未來走向發(fā)起了一場公開辯論。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)研制出了一種減肥藥,它能有效地抑制食欲,導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

B.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種減肥藥,它能成功地控制食欲,使體重顯著下降,同時(shí)有明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

C.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)研制出了一種減食療法的藥,它能有效地抑制食欲,導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

【答案】A

【解析】首先，“slimmingdrug”應(yīng)翻譯為減肥藥，沒有提及減食療法，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知，應(yīng)該是沒有明顯的不良反應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。

4.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagricultureliaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients（營養(yǎng)成分）capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat（棲息地）Iossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050,yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe‘‘zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反兩方而)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfanningpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byitsproductivity

B.Byitssustainability

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfanningpractices

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞measureprogressinagriculture定位至第一段:Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives(這一點(diǎn)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)得尤為突出，在該領(lǐng)域中，人們常常在未從歷史、文化的角度予以適當(dāng)考慮的情況下，認(rèn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展史衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的唯一方法),因此B項(xiàng)“可持續(xù)性”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Specialization和increaseyields定位至第三段:Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields(來自海外的競爭壓力使得農(nóng)民們不得不進(jìn)行專門的研究來增加作物的產(chǎn)量),該段還指出:However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity(但是，這些變化也導(dǎo)致棲息地的損失和生物多樣性的不斷減少),故選D“生物多樣性的減少”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionalfanningpractices定位至第五段:Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones(比如，我們?nèi)粢饤夁@樣的想法:傳統(tǒng)的做法必然會(huì)比新的做法更能夠促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展)。因此C項(xiàng)“這些做法不一定是可持續(xù)性的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inthe21stcentury定位至第五段:Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th(所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)將會(huì)與20世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)截然不同)。故選A“將會(huì)經(jīng)歷巨變”。

5.主旨大意題。最后一段點(diǎn)明主題:Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction(關(guān)鍵是我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)并不只是糧食生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)性)。因此D項(xiàng)“催促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)”正確。

5.單選題

Healthexpertsrecommendleisurelymeals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidfor

B.deleted

C.gathered

D.regular

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。leisurely意為“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”；payfor意為“賠償，付款，為……付出代價(jià)”；delete意為“刪除”；gather意為“聚集，集合”；regular意為“規(guī)則的，有規(guī)律的”。

句意：健康專家建議從容飲食。

6.單選題

Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary（）toomuchworklastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.taketo

B.takeout

C.takeaway

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。taketo“走向，開始從事”；takeout“取出，去掉”；takeaway“帶走，拿走”；takeon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)”。句意：上周，主席因讓他的秘書承擔(dān)很多工作而受到責(zé)備。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Thescentsoftheflowerswas______tousbythebreeze.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intercepted

B.detested

C.saturated

D.wafted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intercepted攔截；中途阻止B.detested厭惡，憎恨

C.saturated滲透；飽和D.wafted飄過，飄蕩；吹拂

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由breeze（微風(fēng)）可知，Thescentsoftheflowers（花的香味）是被風(fēng)吹過來的，因此D項(xiàng)詞義最符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】微風(fēng)向我們吹來了花香。

8.單選題

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“極端”；wreckage“殘骸”；supremacy“至高無上”。句意：捐贈(zèng)者的疲倦和這個(gè)國家的極端貧困導(dǎo)致希望越來越渺茫。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.

That'sespeciallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor’sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.

Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.

Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion（銷蝕）ofcorporate（公司的）faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState'sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.

Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree.“Ihireonlyliberal-arts（文科）peoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’’saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,Mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize，“Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.

1.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

2.Bysaying“...buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears”(Line3,Para.3),theauthormeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoScheetz’sstatement(Lines4-5,Para.4),companiesprefer

（

）.

4.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Studentswithabachelor’sdegreeinhumanities.

B.PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.

C.Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.

D.Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation

B.anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions

C.MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears’timeastheyarenow

D.infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhohaveastrategicmind

B.peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts

C.peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive

D.peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations

B.theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsoilingproblems

C.theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields

D.theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.

B.Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.

C.On-the-jobtrainingisinthelongrun,lesscostly.

D.Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.”最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，企業(yè)喜歡那些只需要很少的在職培訓(xùn)就能立即上手工作的商業(yè)和衛(wèi)生保健等領(lǐng)域的畢業(yè)生。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正規(guī)教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由此可知，受過正規(guī)教育加上有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人在就業(yè)市場上的需求量最大，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:判斷推理題。作者在下文也就是第四段給出了解釋：密歇根州立大學(xué)的Scheetz援引了企業(yè)招聘實(shí)踐中的一種模式，進(jìn)一步證明企業(yè)對持有專業(yè)學(xué)位人士的信心正在減弱。雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為“MBA學(xué)位無助于晉升到管理職位”，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,’saysScheetz.”Scheetz說：“他們想要一個(gè)不受細(xì)枝末節(jié)限制且能顧全大局的人。也就是具有戰(zhàn)略思維的人，”選項(xiàng)A正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“DavidBirch”定位到最后一段第四句“‘Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’saysBirch.”Birch說:“我只聘用文科人才，因?yàn)樗麄冏鍪碌姆绞讲荒敲此腊?。”也就是說，他們有能力處理變化無常的事情，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.”雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可知，在管理層面，全能型人才勝過專業(yè)型人才。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A，B，C在文中均沒有提及。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

世界銀行預(yù)計(jì)，美元將在2025年喪失單一統(tǒng)治地位，而歐元與人民幣將在一個(gè)“多種貨幣并存”的新型貨幣體系中確立平起平坐的地位。

失去這種轉(zhuǎn)變的將是新興市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體日益增強(qiáng)的實(shí)力與優(yōu)勢，其中有6個(gè)國家——巴西、印度、中國、印尼、俄羅斯和韓國一將在2025年占據(jù)全球增長總量一半以上。根據(jù)世行周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，從現(xiàn)在起至2025年，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體將以每年4.7%的速度增長，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于同期發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體2.3%的年增速。“全球增長與投資的天平將向發(fā)展中或新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體傾斜，”報(bào)告主要作者曼蘇爾.戴拉米(MansoorDailami)表示，這種轉(zhuǎn)變意義深遠(yuǎn)。戴拉米稱，例如，這種實(shí)力轉(zhuǎn)移將大力推動(dòng)投資流入驅(qū)動(dòng)全球増長的國家，跨境并購活動(dòng)將顯著增加。

企業(yè)界的格局也將發(fā)生變化一“你會(huì)看到老牌跨國企業(yè)將不再占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位?！?/p>

此外，一種不同的國際貨幣體系將逐漸形成。美元作為世界主要儲(chǔ)備貨幣的地位將告終?！懊涝?dāng)前的主導(dǎo)地位將在2025年前消失，被一種以美元、歐元和人民幣為中心的貨幣體系所取代，這三種貨幣都將發(fā)揮成熟國際貨幣的作用，報(bào)告指出。報(bào)告還介紹了15年后貨幣市場“最可能”出現(xiàn)的三種情形。報(bào)告認(rèn)為歐元是美元最“可信”的對手，但有一個(gè)問題需要留意?！皻W元的地位必將增強(qiáng)，只要?dú)W元能夠成功化解多個(gè)成員國目前面臨的主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)，并能夠避免與歐洲成員國相關(guān)的道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題?！?/p>

對于中國，報(bào)告指出，官方通過發(fā)展離岸人民幣市場和鼓勵(lì)人民幣在國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算和計(jì)價(jià)中的使用，已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了人民幣的“國際化”進(jìn)程?！叭嗣駧沤巧奶嵘瑢⒂兄诮鉀Q中國在全球舞臺(tái)上的強(qiáng)大經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和中國仍嚴(yán)重依賴外國貨幣這兩者之間的脫節(jié)。”世行首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家林毅表示，世行描繪出的情形意味著金融機(jī)構(gòu)必須“盡快適應(yīng)，跟上形勢。”

【答案】TheWorldBankpredictsthedollarwillloseasingledominantpositionin2025,whiletheeuroandtheRMBwillestablishanequalfootingpositioninanew“multicurrency”monetarysystem.

Itwillbetheincreasingstrengthandadvantageofemergingeconomythatlossthiskindofshift,including6countries—Brazil,India,China,Indonesia,RussiaandKoreain2025willoccupymorethanhalfofthetotalglobalgrowth.AccordingtoaWorldBankreportreleasedTuesday,fromnowuntil2025,emergingeconomieswillincreasebytherateof4.7%,ismuchfasterthandevelopedeconomyatthesameperiodwhoseannualgrowthrateis2.3%.“Thebalanceofglobalgrowthandinvestmentwillinclinetodevelopingoremergingeconomies”theauthorsofthereport,MansoorDailamisaidthatthesignificanceofthischangeisprofound.Dailamisaid,forexample,thisshiftinpowerwillvigorouslypromoteinvestmentflowstothecountriesdrivingglobalgrowth,cross-bordermergersandacquisitionswillincreasesignificantly.Thecorporatelandscapewillchangeand“youwillseethefamousmultinationalenterpriseswillnolongeroccupythedominantposition.”

Inaddition,adifferentinternationalmonetarysystemwillbegraduallyformed.Thedollarastheworld'smainreservecurrencywillend.“Thedominanceofthedollarwilldisappearin2025,beingreplacedbytheDollar,EuroandRMBasthecenterofthemonetarysystem,thisthreekindsofcurrencywillallplayamatureinternationalcurrencyrole,suggestedbythereport.Thereportalsopointedoutthree“mostlikely”kindsofsituationsoncurrencymarketsin15years.Thereportsaysthattheeurowillbethemost“credible”opponentsofdollar,butthereisaproblemneedingattention.“Aslongastheeurocansuccessfullyresolvethemaindebtcrisisencounteredbymultiplemembers,andavoidthemoralhazardproblemassociatedwiththeEuropeanmembers,itsstatuscanbestrengthened”.

ForChina,thereportpointedoutthatofficialhaslaunchedthe“internationalization”oftheprocessofRMBthroughexploringtheoffshoreRMBmarketandencouragingtheuseofRMBininternationaltradesettlementandvaluation.“ThepromotionoftheroleofRMBwouldhelpsolvethediscrepancybetweenChina’sstrongeconomicstrengthintheworldstageandthehighrelianceontheforeigncurrencies.”theeconomistoftheWorldBankchiefLinYisaidthatthesituationpresentedbytheworldbankmeansthatfinancialinstitutionsmust“adaptassoonaspossible,keepupwiththesituation”.

11.翻譯題

Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong，havegovernedmylife—thelongingforlove，thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy—ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflivingforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness—thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.

Ihavesoughtitfinally，becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseentheprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,atlast.Ihavefound.

Onefairlycommonreasonisthatparentsoverindulgetheirchildrenoutofasenseofguilt.

Parentswhobothholddownfull-timejobsmayfeelguiltyabouttheamountoftimetheyspendawayfromtheirchildrenandmayattempttocompensatebyshoweringthemwithmaterialpossessions.Otherparentsoverindulgebecausetheywanttheirchildrentohaveeverythingtheyhadwhilegrowingup,alongwiththosethingstheparentsyearnedforbutdidn’tget.Stillothersareafraidtosaynototheirchildren’sendlessrequestsfortoysforfearthattheirchildrenwillfeelunlovedorwillberidiculediftheydon’thavethesameplaythingstheirfriendshave.

TheBritisharethemostvoraciousnewspaperreadersintheworld.Theyreadnewspapersatbreakfast:theywalktothebusreadinganewspaper:theyreadnewspaperonthebus,astheygotowork:andonthewaybackhome,afterwork,theyareengrossedinaneveningnewspaper.Therearemanymorningpapers,bothnationalandprovincial.ThemostfamousisTheTimes.Contrarytowhatmanyforeignersbelieve,thisisnotagovernmentnewspaper.Thevariousnewspapersusuallyhavetheirownviewsonpolitics,buttheyarenotorgansofthepoliticalparties.BoldheadlinesandavarietyofphotographsarefeaturesofBritishpress.Somenewspapers,suchasthesoberDailyTelegraphandtheTimes,usephotographssparingly.Themore“popular”newspapers,suchastheDailyMail,andtheSun,usepicturesextensively.

【答案】（1）對愛的渴望，對知識(shí)的追求，對人類苦難的難以承受的同情，是支配我一生的單純而強(qiáng)烈的三種感情。

（2）我最終找到了愛，因?yàn)樵趷鄣慕Y(jié)合中，我看到了古今圣賢以及詩人們所夢想的天堂，這正是我所追尋的人生境界。雖然它對一般的人類生活也許太美好了，但這正是我透過愛情所得到的最終發(fā)現(xiàn)。

（3）全職工作的父母可能會(huì)為自己許多時(shí)間不在孩子的身邊而感到內(nèi)疚，從而可能通過給孩子買大量東西來補(bǔ)償。

（4）英國人是世界上最如饑似渴的讀者。在吃早飯時(shí)，在去趕公交車的路上，在去上班的公交車上他們都讀報(bào)，而在下班回家的路上，他們會(huì)全神貫注地讀晚報(bào)。

（5）不同的報(bào)紙通常有自己的政治觀點(diǎn)，但他們不是政治黨派的人。醒目的標(biāo)題和各種各樣的照片是英國新聞界的特色。

12.問答題

Yettohaveafamilynowadays—(A)withbirthcontrolreadilyavailable,and(B)inflationagoodeconomicargumentagainsthavingchildren—isnearlyanexpressionofambitionitself.Thoughambitionwasonce(C)thedomainchieflyofmonarchsandaristocrats,ithas,inmorerecenttimes,increasinglybecomethedomainofthemiddleclass.Working,saving,planning—these,thedailyaspectsofambition—havealwaysbeen(D)thedistinguishedmarksofarisingmiddleclass.

【答案】D；改成thedistinguishingmarks。distinguishing有區(qū)別的；distinguished卓越的，著名的。句意：工作,儲(chǔ)蓄,雄心壯志的計(jì)劃這些,每日方面——一直是崛起的中產(chǎn)階級的區(qū)分標(biāo)志。

13.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavationtresultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

1wouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreser-vationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcava?tor’sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforallloappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreply,everythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclammingthateveryar?tifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasl’melekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds；asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbe?comeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephoto?graphedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoa?greetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbase?ments?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.Suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.Museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollections

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。第一段介紹了考古界面臨的問題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“makeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.”作者是想提出一種方法解決考古的兩個(gè)問題，一個(gè)是資金問題，另一個(gè)是非法挖掘的問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“thereistheproblemofillegalexcavationtresultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.”?？芍欠ㄍ诰?qū)е铝怂囆g(shù)品賣出高價(jià)，存在這樣的市場，所以A項(xiàng)可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“youmaybecorrectinclammingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.”，可知認(rèn)為每件工藝品都有價(jià)值是錯(cuò)的，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.”，可知博物館已經(jīng)沒有足夠的空間，無法儲(chǔ)藏未來可能會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物，說明已經(jīng)儲(chǔ)藏了很多這樣的文物，所以選項(xiàng)C可排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…notlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds…”可知由于儲(chǔ)存空間不夠，沒有足夠的資金把它們編入目錄，一旦被放進(jìn)去就難以被找到。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“ancientartifactsarepartofourglobal