國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)(英文版)(第二版) General Introduction課件

SEIBOFGDUFS1國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（英文版）周瑞琪王小鷗徐月芳編著對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社SEIBOFGDUFS1國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（英文版）INTERNATIONALTRADE

PRACTICEByZhouRuiqiWangXiaoouXuyuefangofSchoolofEnglishforInternationalBusiness

GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesINTERNATIONALTRADE

PRACTICEBChapterOneGeneralIntroductionChapterOneGeneralIntroductioSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectivesAfterlearningthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefinewhatismeantbyinternationaltradeexplainthereasonsforengagingininternationaltradeidentifythebenefitsofinternationaltradetellthedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationaltradeunderstandthemajorprocedureinvolvedininternationaltraderealizetheimportanceofcontractSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectiSEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinternationaltradeInternationaltrade/worldtrade/foreigntrade/overseastradeThefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Concerningtradeoperationsofbothimportandexport

Includingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.SEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinterSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforinternationaltradeResourcereasonsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesTechnologyEconomicreasonsBenefitsComparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)EconomiesofscaleOtherreasonsPoliticalreasonsDifferenttasteandpreferenceSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesfromdomestictradeInternationaltradeinvolvesforeignlanguagesanddifferentculturesforeignlaws,customsandregulationsorinternationalrulesforeigncurrencieshigherrisks:Politicalrisks,Commercialrisks,Financialrisks,andTransportationrisksmorecomplexbusinessproceduresbroaderrangeofmanagementskillsSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesSEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthedirectionofcargoflowExporttrade domesticmarket→internationalmarketforsaleImporttrade foreigncountries→

domesticmarketforsaleTransittrade producingcountries→viaathirdcountry→consumingcountrySEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeTypesoftransittradeDirecttransittradeCommoditiesfurthertransportedtowardoutsidealongthedomestictransportationlinewithoutbeingplacedinthebondedwarehouse3rdcountryearnsprofitbyimposingimp.andexp.dutiesIndirecttransittradeCommoditiesfirstplacedinthebondedwarehousebeforebeingtransportedfurtherwithoutanyprocessing3rdcountryearnswarehousingcharges+imp.andexp.dutiesSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedDirecttradeTwopartiesinvolved:theimporterandtheexporterIndirecttradeThreepartiesinvolved:theexporter,theimporterandtheintermediatepartyEntrep?ttradeOnepartyinvolved:whoistheimporter,theprocessorandalsotheexporterSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromtheformofthegoodsVisibletrade/tangiblegoodstradeMostlyconsuminggoods:cars,wines,shoesetc.NeedscustomsdeclarationInvisibletrade/intangiblegoodstradeservicesandtechnologyNeedsnocustomsdeclarationSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromsettlementinstrumentinvolvedBartertradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithoutaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyTheoldestfromoftradeFree-liquidationtradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyCashtradeisoneformofitSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFrommodeoftransportationTradebyRoadwayTradebySeawayTradebyAirwayTradebyMailOrderSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandimportproceduresThepreparationofatransactionThenegotiationofthecontractTheperformanceofthecontractThesettlementofdisputesSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionSelectingtherightmarketRelevantinformationofthemarketCulturalbackgroundandeconomicsituationsPoliticalclimateCurrentimportandexportstatisticsGovernmentpolicyoninternationaltradesuchastradebarriersandrestrictionsSourcesofinformationDomesticorganizations:MinistryofCommerceanditsprovincialcommitteesOverseasorganizations:ChineseEmbassy,theLocalbanks,theagentandthelocalnewspaper/journalarticlesSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionFindingthepotentialpartnerSourcesofinformationReferenceprovidedbytheforeignpartnersThenearestconsulateofficeInternationalorlocalchamberofcommerceConsultingfirmsForeignexchangebanksTradedirectoriesandpublicationsSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS171.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionStudyingcreditabilityofthepartnerCreditreferencefromthelocalbankorcorrespondentbankbusinessrangeandannualsalesvolumesalesliteratureandpricelistsmajorcustomersbusinesscultureSEIBOFGDUFS171.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionApplyingforExportorImportLicenseCheckingwhetherthegoodstobetransactedarewithincertainexportorimportcontrolssuchaslicenseorquotaIfunabletoapplyorgettheimportandexportlicensesTheexporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderEXWtermTheimporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderDDPtermSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractTwoformsofbusinessnegotiation

inwords,i.e.face-to-facenegotiationinwriting,i.e.businesscorrespondenceFourmainstepsinvolved:Enquiry:askingforpricebyeithersellerorbuyerOffer:ananswertoenquiryorinitiatedbyeithersellerorbuyerbindingforceupontheoffererwithinthevaliditycounter-offer:addition,modificationorrefusaloftheofferAcceptance:theunconditionalacceptanceoftheofferAcontractisconcludedwhenanacceptancebecomeseffectiveSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractDefinition:Atradecontractisanagreementwhichisconcludedbetweensellerandbuyerbasedonanacceptedofferandwhichsetsforthbidingobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.Governingrule:theUnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1980(CISG1980)Acontractcanbeformal,informal,simpleorcomplicated,writtenororal.SEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractAsalescontractnormallyincludes:(seeSpecimen1.1-1.2)fullname,addressandothernecessaryinformationofthesellerandthebuyerdescriptionofthecommodityinvolved,includingname,quality,quantityandpackagingetc.alltermsagreedupon,includingprice,delivery,transportation,insurance,payment,inspection,claims,forcemajeure,arbitration,etc.dateonandplaceatwhichthecontractissignedandthesignatureofthebuyerandthesellerSEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractContractvs.confirmation

AcontractismoreformalandcontainsmoredetailsthanaconfirmationButequallybindingonthepartiesconcernedImportanceofawrittencontractItistheonlydocumentbetweenSellerandBuyerthatevidencestheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Itservesasthebasisfortheperformanceofthecontractandalsothesettlementofdisputes.SEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS231.4.3TheperformanceofthecontractExportprocedure(businessunderCIFonL/C)ExaminingL/CUrgingandexpeditingtheopeningofL/CExaminingL/CwithreferencetothesalescontractGettinggoodsreadypreparinggoodsaccordingtothename,quality,quantity,packingandmakingrequiredinthecontractApplyingformandatoryinspectionForgoodsrequiredinspectionbythegovernmentsorinthecontractDocumentsSubmitted:commercialinvoice,copyofsalescontract,L/C,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS231.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS24ExportprocedureReceivingimporter’sinspectionbeforeshipmentBookingshippingspaceafterreceivingL/CandgettinggoodsreadyClearinggoodsforexportAfterthegoodsareinspectedandbeforethegoodsareloadedDocumentssubmittedforexportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,exportlicense,copyofsalescontract,inspectioncertificates,shippingorder,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS24ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS25ExportprocedureGettinggoodsloadedDeliveringgoodstocarrierforloadingafterthegoodsareclearedforexportReceivingB/LfromthecarrieraftershipmentObtaininginsuranceUnderCIF,insuranceisamustforsellerMinimumcoverageSEIBOFGDUFS25ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS26ExportprocedurePresentingdocumentsforbanknegotiationDocumentsrequiredfornegotiationcommercialinvoice,packinglist,billingoflading,insurancepolicy,inspectioncertificates,etc.Otherdocumentsrequiredforissuingimportlicenseortocalculatingimportcustomsduty:theCertificateofOrigin,theConsularInvoice,etc.IfdocumentsareinstrictlinewithL/C,theexporterwillreceivepaymentsfromthebankSEIBOFGDUFS26ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS271.4ExportProceduresSEIBOFGDUFS271.4ExportProcSEIBOFGDUFS281.4.3TheperformanceofthecontractImportprocedure(businessunderFOBonL/C)OpeningL/CApplyingintimeAmendingL/CinthecaseofdiscrepanciesBookingshippingspaceAfterbookingshippingspace,thebuyershouldnotifytheexportersufficiently:thenameofthevessel,theloadingpoint,thedeliverytimeInspectingandsupervisingattheportofshipmentObtaininginsuranceUnderFOB,insuranceisnotanobligationbutausualpracticeSEIBOFGDUFS281.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS29ImportprocedureExaminingdocumentsandmakingpaymentCarefulexaminationbeforemakingpaymentReceivingshippingdocument(B/L)afterpaymentClearingthegoodsforimportNecessarydocumentsforimportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,inspectioncertificateetc.TakingdeliveryandinspectingAfterarrivalofthegoods,theimportercantakeitfromthecarrierwithB/LTheimportershouldinspectthegoodscarefullyIfthereareanyinconformity,theimportercanlodgeclaimsagainstrelevantpartiesforcompensationSEIBOFGDUFS29ImportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS301.4.4ThesettlementofdisputesInthecaseofcomplaintsordisputes,thepartysufferinglosswilllodgeaclaimagainsttherelevantparties:theotherpartyofthesalescontract,thecarrierortheinsurancecompanyFourwaystosettledisputesNegotiationMediationArbitrationLitigationSEIBOFGDUFS301.4.4ThesettlSEIBOFGDUFS31國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（英文版）周瑞琪王小鷗徐月芳編著對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社SEIBOFGDUFS1國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（英文版）INTERNATIONALTRADE

PRACTICEByZhouRuiqiWangXiaoouXuyuefangofSchoolofEnglishforInternationalBusiness

GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesINTERNATIONALTRADE

PRACTICEBChapterOneGeneralIntroductionChapterOneGeneralIntroductioSEIBOFGDUFS34LearningObjectivesAfterlearningthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefinewhatismeantbyinternationaltradeexplainthereasonsforengagingininternationaltradeidentifythebenefitsofinternationaltradetellthedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationaltradeunderstandthemajorprocedureinvolvedininternationaltraderealizetheimportanceofcontractSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectiSEIBOFGDUFS35ConceptofinternationaltradeInternationaltrade/worldtrade/foreigntrade/overseastradeThefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Concerningtradeoperationsofbothimportandexport

Includingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.SEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinterSEIBOFGDUFS361.1ReasonsforinternationaltradeResourcereasonsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesTechnologyEconomicreasonsBenefitsComparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)EconomiesofscaleOtherreasonsPoliticalreasonsDifferenttasteandpreferenceSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforSEIBOFGDUFS371.2DifferencesfromdomestictradeInternationaltradeinvolvesforeignlanguagesanddifferentculturesforeignlaws,customsandregulationsorinternationalrulesforeigncurrencieshigherrisks:Politicalrisks,Commercialrisks,Financialrisks,andTransportationrisksmorecomplexbusinessproceduresbroaderrangeofmanagementskillsSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesSEIBOFGDUFS381.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthedirectionofcargoflowExporttrade domesticmarket→internationalmarketforsaleImporttrade foreigncountries→

domesticmarketforsaleTransittrade producingcountries→viaathirdcountry→consumingcountrySEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS391.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeTypesoftransittradeDirecttransittradeCommoditiesfurthertransportedtowardoutsidealongthedomestictransportationlinewithoutbeingplacedinthebondedwarehouse3rdcountryearnsprofitbyimposingimp.andexp.dutiesIndirecttransittradeCommoditiesfirstplacedinthebondedwarehousebeforebeingtransportedfurtherwithoutanyprocessing3rdcountryearnswarehousingcharges+imp.andexp.dutiesSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS401.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedDirecttradeTwopartiesinvolved:theimporterandtheexporterIndirecttradeThreepartiesinvolved:theexporter,theimporterandtheintermediatepartyEntrep?ttradeOnepartyinvolved:whoistheimporter,theprocessorandalsotheexporterSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS411.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromtheformofthegoodsVisibletrade/tangiblegoodstradeMostlyconsuminggoods:cars,wines,shoesetc.NeedscustomsdeclarationInvisibletrade/intangiblegoodstradeservicesandtechnologyNeedsnocustomsdeclarationSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS421.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromsettlementinstrumentinvolvedBartertradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithoutaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyTheoldestfromoftradeFree-liquidationtradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyCashtradeisoneformofitSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS431.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFrommodeoftransportationTradebyRoadwayTradebySeawayTradebyAirwayTradebyMailOrderSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS441.4ExportandimportproceduresThepreparationofatransactionThenegotiationofthecontractTheperformanceofthecontractThesettlementofdisputesSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandSEIBOFGDUFS451.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionSelectingtherightmarketRelevantinformationofthemarketCulturalbackgroundandeconomicsituationsPoliticalclimateCurrentimportandexportstatisticsGovernmentpolicyoninternationaltradesuchastradebarriersandrestrictionsSourcesofinformationDomesticorganizations:MinistryofCommerceanditsprovincialcommitteesOverseasorganizations:ChineseEmbassy,theLocalbanks,theagentandthelocalnewspaper/journalarticlesSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS461.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionFindingthepotentialpartnerSourcesofinformationReferenceprovidedbytheforeignpartnersThenearestconsulateofficeInternationalorlocalchamberofcommerceConsultingfirmsForeignexchangebanksTradedirectoriesandpublicationsSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS471.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionStudyingcreditabilityofthepartnerCreditreferencefromthelocalbankorcorrespondentbankbusinessrangeandannualsalesvolumesalesliteratureandpricelistsmajorcustomersbusinesscultureSEIBOFGDUFS171.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS481.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionApplyingforExportorImportLicenseCheckingwhetherthegoodstobetransactedarewithincertainexportorimportcontrolssuchaslicenseorquotaIfunabletoapplyorgettheimportandexportlicensesTheexporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderEXWtermTheimporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderDDPtermSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS491.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractTwoformsofbusinessnegotiation

inwords,i.e.face-to-facenegotiationinwriting,i.e.businesscorrespondenceFourmainstepsinvolved:Enquiry:askingforpricebyeithersellerorbuyerOffer:ananswertoenquiryorinitiatedbyeithersellerorbuyerbindingforceupontheoffererwithinthevaliditycounter-offer:addition,modificationorrefusaloftheofferAcceptance:theunconditionalacceptanceoftheofferAcontractisconcludedwhenanacceptancebecomeseffectiveSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS501.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractDefinition:Atradecontractisanagreementwhichisconcludedbetweensellerandbuyerbasedonanacceptedofferandwhichsetsforthbidingobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.Governingrule:theUnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1980(CISG1980)Acontractcanbeformal,informal,simpleorcomplicated,writtenororal.SEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS511.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractAsalescontractnormallyincludes:(seeSpecimen1.1-1.2)fullname,addressandothernecessaryinformationofthesellerandthebuyerdescriptionofthecommodityinvolved,includingname,quality,quantityandpackagingetc.alltermsagreedupon,includingprice,delivery,transportation,insurance,payment,inspection,claims,forcemajeure,arbitration,etc.dateonandplaceatwhichthecontractissignedandthesignatureofthebuyerandthesellerSEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS521.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractContractvs.confirmation

AcontractismoreformalandcontainsmoredetailsthanaconfirmationButequallybindingonthepartiesconcernedImportanceofawrittencontractItistheonlydocumentbetweenSellerandBuyerthatevidencestheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Itservesasthebasisfortheperformanceofthecontractandalsothesettlementofdisputes.SEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS531.4.3TheperformanceofthecontractExportprocedure(businessunderCIFonL/C)ExaminingL/CUrgingandexpeditingtheopeningofL/CExaminingL/CwithreferencetothesalescontractGettinggoodsreadypreparinggoodsaccordingtothename,quality,quantity,packingandmakingrequiredinthecontractApplyingformandatoryinspectionForgoodsrequiredinspectionbythegovernmentsorinthecontractDocumentsSubmitted:commercialinvoice,copyofsalescontract,L/C,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS231.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS54ExportprocedureReceivingimporter’sinspectionbeforeshipmentBookingshippingspaceafterreceivingL/CandgettinggoodsreadyClearinggoodsforexportAfterthegoodsareinspectedandbeforethegoodsareloadedDocumentssubmittedforexportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,exportlicense,copyofsalescontract,inspectioncertificates,shippingorder,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS24ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS55ExportprocedureGettinggoodsloadedDeliveringgoodsto