(完整word版)英語(yǔ)句子成分教案

12專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)一鑄就統(tǒng)一難點(diǎn)句子的主要成分狀語(yǔ)的識(shí)別定語(yǔ)的識(shí)別賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別句子的主要成分能夠準(zhǔn)確的翻譯句子技能提升通過(guò)本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生能夠清楚的劃分出句子的主要成分及次要成分，并能夠清楚的理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)效果自評(píng)及課后反思教學(xué)進(jìn)程和教學(xué)內(nèi)容（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。一句話語(yǔ)法：主語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng).例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）Theygotoschoolbybus.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Toseeistobelieve.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.It'snouseregrettingit.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。注意動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞為非謂語(yǔ)，不能作謂語(yǔ)。一句話語(yǔ)法：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。有很多同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候容易犯犯的錯(cuò)誤|就是要么亂用be動(dòng)詞，要么句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.1、可作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般為行為動(dòng)詞（表動(dòng)作）和連系動(dòng)詞（表狀態(tài)），行為動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語(yǔ)，又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。、及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)Weshouldhelpeachother.Theyrespectoneanother.Allofthestudentslikethenovel.Didyouseemanypeoplethere?、不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)Helefthereyesterday.You'redrivingtoofast.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.連系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)Heisanexcellentteacher.Hersonisafriendofours.Oursisagreatcountry.Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.2、謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：(a)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動(dòng)詞原形非常重要.女如Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(b)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.(四)表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。一句話語(yǔ)法：表語(yǔ)使用形容詞，不用副詞！例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)Theyarebrotherandsister.Johniscaptainoftheteam.Isityours?(代詞)WhatIwanttosayisthis.Thepoorboywasmyself.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）Herfatherissixty-five.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）Myfavouritesportisswimming.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）注意：副詞可以做表語(yǔ)的只有幾個(gè)，非常簡(jiǎn)單，考試不考，所以上面說(shuō):表語(yǔ)使用形容詞，不用副詞！我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法直接針對(duì)高考，不是搞語(yǔ)法研究，這點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家一定要記住。例如：Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或整個(gè)句子。一句話語(yǔ)法:賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，賓語(yǔ)分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)非常重要，務(wù)必要牢記?例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary，please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語(yǔ),記下下面這個(gè)句子：givemeabook.一人一物做賓語(yǔ)就是雙賓語(yǔ).說(shuō)得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個(gè)的意思.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。一句話語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)使用形容詞，不用副詞?例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Youmustkeepitclean.TomfoundtheclimbquiteeasyLetthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Ihavealotofworktodo.Shehasplentyofclothestowear.HemademerepeatthestoryWesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Ihavethecarwaiting.Whydon'tyouhaveyourhaircut?（-ed分詞）Wehadthemachinerepaired.IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayWefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（注意：后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有call,name,think,make,choose等；后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有keep,find,get,think,make等；動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等，使役動(dòng)詞如let,have,make等，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)，是句子中的次要成分?？煞譃榍爸枚ㄕZ(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。一般有形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞（短語(yǔ)）或句子充當(dāng)。一句話語(yǔ)法:定語(yǔ)使用形容詞例如：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Mr.Greenhastwosons.（數(shù)詞）Themandownstairscouldn'tsleep副詞Ll.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）Abarkingdogseldombites.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?從句）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。一句話語(yǔ)法：狀語(yǔ)用副詞，不用形容詞，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎筛痹~、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞或狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。例如：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）PandasonlyliveinChina.Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）I'mgladtomeetyou.Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Ihavequitealotofworktodo.（程度狀語(yǔ)）Ishallgothere訐itdoesn'train.（條件狀語(yǔ)）Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfallbehindtheothers.Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語(yǔ)）Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.PleasedoitasItoldyou.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）We'llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語(yǔ)）

課堂金思維訓(xùn)練題指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.thereisanoldmancominghere.theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.a.don'tb.likec.pictured.wallthedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.a.getb.longerc.daysd.summerdoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?a.dob.usuallyc.god.bustherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.a.willbe/