(完整版)2019年6月大學英語四級考試真題及參考答案(第1套)

2019年6月大學英語四級考試真題及參考答案（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【參考范文】OnJune14,Friday,avolunteeractivitywheremanystudentstookanactivepartinvisitingthelocalNursingHousewasorganizedbytheStudentUnionanditturnsouttobeabigsuccess.TheactivitywasaimedatencouragingstudentstovisittheelderlyattheNursingHouseandhelpelderlypeopledealwiththeirtroublesbothphysicalandpsychological.Manystudentsvolunteeredtoparticipateinthisgooddeedandwereengagedinhelpingtheelderlyhereoutbymakingtheirmeals,washingtheirclothesandchattingwiththem.Whenaskedaboutthosevolunteers'feelingsaboutsuchanexperienee,allofthemrespondedwithasmile,saying"whatawonderfulpracticeandIreallyappreciatethisexperienee,foritmakesmelearntocaremoreforothersinneed.”Allinall,theactivityturnsouttobeasuccessnotonlyforthevisitedelderlybutforthosestudentsinvolved.【參考范文譯文】6月14日，星期五，學生會組織了一個參觀當?shù)鼐蠢显旱闹驹富顒?，許多學生都積極參與其中，該活動取得了巨大的成功。此次志愿活動旨在拜訪當?shù)鼐蠢显旱睦先藗儾λ麄兏鱾€方面的困難提供幫助。許多學生主動加入到此次善舉當中，幫老人們洗衣做飯、談心解悶，竭盡所能提供幫助。問及參與此次活動的感想時，他們毫無例外地回道“真是太有意義了，很感謝這次經(jīng)歷，它讓我懂得要去更加關(guān)愛那些有困難的人”總而言之，此次活動取得了巨大成功，不僅僅對那些老人來說受益多多，對于參與的學生來說也是意義良多。PartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard?A)Hesetarecordbeswimmingtoandfromanisland.Hecelebratedninthbirthdayonasmallisland.Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.A)Hedoubledthereward.Hecheeredhimonalltheway.Hesethimanexample.HehadtheeventcoveredonTV.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard?A)Toendtheone-childpolicy.Toencouragelatemarriage.Toincreaseworkingefficiency.Togivepeoplemoretimetotravel.A)Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.Theywillhelptopopularizeearlymarriage.TheywillboostChina'seconomicgrowth.Theywillnotcomintoimmediateeffect.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard?A)Cleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheworld.Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.A)Ittakesalotoftimetoprepare.Itleavesthehouseinamess.Itmakespartygoersexhausted.Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.A)HireanAustralianlawyer.VisittheU.S.andCanada.Settlealegaldispute.Expandtheirbusiness.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard?A)Hehadadrivinglesson.Hegothisdriver'slicense.Hetookthedriver'stheoryexam.Hepassedthedriver'sroadtest.A)Hewasnotwellprepared.Hedidnotgettotheexamintime.Hewasnotusedtothetestformat.Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.A)Theyaretough.Theyarecostly.Theyarehelpful.Theyaretooshort.A)Passhisroadtestthefirsttime.Test-driveafewtimesonhighways.Findanexperieneeddrivinginstructor.Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Wherethewomanstudies.TheaeeeptaneerateatLeeds.Leeds'tuitionforinternationalstudents.Howtoapplyforstudiesatauniversity.A)ApplytoanAmericanuniversity.Doresearchonhighereducation.Performinafamousmusical.Pursuepostgraduatestudies.A)Hisfavorablerecommendations.Hisoutstandingmusicaltalent.Hisacademicexcellenee.Hisuniqueexperienee.A)Doamaster'sdegree.SettledowninEngland.Travelwidely.Teachoverseas.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard?A)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesincheck.Manyspeciesremainunknowntoscientists.Onlyafewspeciescausetroubletohumans.Theyliveinincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.A)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.Theycancausedamagetopeople'shomes.Theycansurvivealongtimewithoutwater.Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectricalunits.A)Denythemaccesstoanyfood.Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.Destroytheircoloniescloseby.Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.Thechangeinpeople'simmunesystemastheygetolder.A)Reporttheirillnesses.Offerbloodsamples.Actasresearchassistants.Helptointerviewpatients.A)Strengtheningpeople'simmunitytoinfection.Betterunderstandingpatients'immunesystem.Helpingimproveoldpeople'shealthconditions.Furtherreducingoldpatients'medicalexpenses.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheachother.Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheirhomework.Hisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhislessons.Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.A)VisitachessteaminNashville.Jointheschool'schessteam.Participateinanationalchesscompetition.Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.A)Mostofthemcomefromlow-incomefamilies.Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.Acoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedincrimes.Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.A)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.Translatetheirwordsintoaction.Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas26fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced28thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad."Michigan's29inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto30ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan'tlethappen,”saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould32asubstantialupdateofMichigan's2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand33ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore35rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.bidcontrastdeputydominancefleetsknotslegislationmigratedreplacerepresentk)restrictiverewardM)significantN)sponsorO)transmitted【參考答案】26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A）TodayintheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians（百歲老人）.Worldwide,Probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK,Germany,Franee,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttoliveto107.B）Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhensomanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity（長壽）withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.C）Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthiswillresultinaninevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger,theyarenotonlyolderforlonger,butalsoyoungerforIonger.Thereissometruthinthesayingthat"70isthenew60”or"40thenew30.”IfyouagemoreslowlyoveraIongertimeperiod,thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforlonger.D）Butthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take,forinstanee,theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,havingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014,thatmilestone（里程碑）hadshiftedtoage29.E）Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelonger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergingforthoseintheirtwenties.Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntilyourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(認知的)andemotionalvitality.Manypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoit.Andyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersisappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecondstageoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulthood,willbeabletosupportasustained,60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheirlife,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.Itseemslikely,then,thatthetraditionalthree-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orovenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmorefully,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasociaContribution.Thesestageswillspansectors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovideFoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals(休假)aspeoplefindtimrestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investintheirrelationships,orimprovetheirskills.Attimes,thesebreaksandtransitionswillbeself-determined,atotherstheywillbeforcedasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceasetoexist.Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabilitytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecausetherearesomanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossiblesequences.Withthisvarietywillcometheendofthecloseassociationofageandstage.Inathree-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamilyatthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroughlythesametime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduateat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifespans.Thethree-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontinuouswork,andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents,butitisnotrelevanttoday.Webelievethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomissitsfullimplications.Longevityisnotnecessarilyaboutbeingolderforlonger.Itisaboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.Anextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.Justextendingone'scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.Becauseoftheirlongerlifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.Manymorepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.AIongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople'sapproachtolife.Fasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.Manypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagelife.Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.【參考答案】36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage?Intheclassicmarriagevow(誓約),couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusband—becomesseriouslyill."Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset(發(fā)生)offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincideneeofnewchronic(慢性的)illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems."Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,”Karrakersaid."They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'rethenoeswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced.”Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons."Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,”Karrakersaid.“Andbecauseoftheimbalaneeinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen.”Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce."Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,”shesaid."Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallill?Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?Reducingmaritalstressonwives.Stabilizingoldcouples'srelations.C）Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D）Makingmenpayfortheirwives'healthcosts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage?Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's（兄弟姐妹的）name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive（認矢口的）errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe"wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificaneetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,"butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblaneebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatunderg