2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案(絕對(duì)完整)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:越來(lái)越多的博物館免費(fèi)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的目的是什么？2.也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題3.你的看法？PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn'tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn'tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate's“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避開(kāi))youreyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult‘employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏愛(ài))fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale'sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization'sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChines-eAmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive'todifferences.AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn'tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets'trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”O(jiān)ncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?Hejustwouldn'tlookherintheeye.Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.Tiffany'smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.Racialstereotypes.C)Racialstereotypes.Invalidpersonalbias.D)EmphasisonphysicalappearanceWhatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?Arealestateagency.C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)Ahi-techcompanyAfteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat.Hehadhiredthewrongperson.Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC'sworkshop?Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.Ittappedintotheexecutives'fullpotential.Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.Itmetparticipants'diverseneeds.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee'srequestforleave?Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownHedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.Dougfeltwhenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.AfterattendingMindsets'workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceoftotheirbusiness.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthebetweenus.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35Minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.ShethrewasurprisepartyforherfriendShehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.A)Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.A)Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.C)Heusedtobeafirefighter.(B)Hewasverycourageous.D)Hewasaccusedofcausingafire.A)Makeaprofitableinvestment.C)GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.B)BuyanewwashingmachineD)Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed.A)Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.Heisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewposition.A)Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow.Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois.Thewomandoesn'tknowhowtogettotheparty.Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.A)Drawingupabusinessplan.C)Finalizingacontract.Discussingatermpaper.D)Reviewingaco-authoredarticle.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.C)ShechattedonlinewithafriendShehadtheprinterrepaired.D)ShefilledinanapplicationformQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hishealthisgettingworse.C)Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal.Hecannolongerworkatsea.D)Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.C)Shehasbeenworkingataclinic.Sheusedtoworkasamodel.D)Shehasbeenseriouslyillforyears.A)Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad.Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.Sheiskindandgenerousbynature.A)Hedinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend.Heisexcellentbutlookshad-tempered.Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance.Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)ThemanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistakeSomeofthetelephonesystemsdon'tworkproperlySomeofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.A)Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs.Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution.Passtheman'sordertotherightperson.Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.A)Ideal.C)PartialB)TemporaryD)CreativeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage.Youwillhearsomequestions.Bossthepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itisentertaining.C)Ittakeslotsoftime.Itisacostlyhobby.D)Itrequirestraining.A)Theycanharmnearbyplants.C)Theyfighteachotherforfood.Theymaycatchsomedisease.D)Theymaypollutetheenvironment.A)Placethefoodonwarmerspots.C)Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood.Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly.D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends.Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses.Hewillliewheneverhewants.HetriestoachievehisgoalatanycostA)ShemadehimapologizeC)Shebrokeupwithhim.ShereadilyforgavehimD)Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls.A)Buyheranewsetoftires.C)Lendherhisbatteries.B)Helpcleanherapartment.D)Movefurnitureforher.PassageThreeQuestions3235arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.B)Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem.It'shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids.Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents.A)Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.B)Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty.A)ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare.B)Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren.Shewantstoshowoffherwealth.Shehasnotimetodoitherself.A)ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies.B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem.Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He(36).onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember(37).Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis(假設(shè))，whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn(38)onthetimeyouspendtryingtolearnit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone，thereisstillthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample，isitbettertostudyforfourhours(39)ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina(40)?.Theanswer，asyoumayhave(41)，isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This(42)，throughwhichwecanlearnmore(43).bydividingourpracticetime，isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus，.Butwe'renotfinishedyet.Wehaven'tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime..Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession，orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?(46)PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassageEveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass，somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite，unlessassignments47itTheyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English，withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan'twrite，Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53，justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辯),andcommandoflanguage.closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)performanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinderO)urgeH)missionSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen'tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou'redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs企業(yè)家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitiona過(guò)渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析師)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI'mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she'sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn'ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn'tyetonhermind.But-thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers-onedayitwillbe.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashioncanattendvarioustradeshowsfree.arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldcanbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.aregainingmoreandmoresupport.WhatisNatalieHormilla'sattitudetowardecofashion?Shedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit.Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.Shedoesn‘tthinkitissustainableD)SheisverymuchopposedtotheideaWhatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.Ithasaverypromisingfuture.Consumershavethefinalsay.Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(縷)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictimsThemethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople'shair.“You'rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat'srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling'steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It'snotgoodforpinpointing(精確定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It'sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It'sstillasubstantialarea,”P(pán)arksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”Whatisthescientists'newdiscovery?A)One'shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You'rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone'spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone'sbodytissues.Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone'sexistence.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica'sWest?

A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.WhatdidCerling'steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling'sresearch?A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.PartVCloze(15minutes)KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan'scar-makers.He'sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota'sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It'snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis73.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon'tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.Alarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,demographic(人口結(jié)構(gòu)的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA85afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并