考研考博-英語-合肥幼兒師范高等?？茖W校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥幼兒師范高等?？茖W校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise,”saidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou.

Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheycouldn’tgetthejobdone.

Stressthatyoucanmanagemayalsoboostimmunefunction.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsbelievedtheyhadcontrolovertheoutcome.Inthesecond,theyweren'tincontrol:Theyhadtositthroughagory(血淋淋的)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’firstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.

Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovingmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.

‘'Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity.“It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.Theword“shun’’(LineI,Para.1)mostprobablymean

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that

（

）.

4.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3，thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause

（

）.

5.Dr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelievesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.thebenefitsofmanagementstress

B.howtoavoidstressfulsituations

C.howtocopewithstresseffectively

D.theeffectsofstresshormonesonmemory

問題2選項

A.cutdownon

B.stayawayfrom

C.runoutof

D.putupwith

問題3選項

A.peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory

B.peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestress

C.doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth

D.stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms

問題4選項

A.thevideowasnotenjoyableatall

B.theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrol

C.theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalprocedures

D.theyfeelnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo

問題5選項

A.aperson’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinhisbody

B.stresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsonthebrain

C.shortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememoryfunction

D.aperson’smemoryimproveswithcontinuedexperienceofstress.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章主要講述了……”。文章的中心句是第一段第二句話“雖然持續(xù)的壓力是有害的，但有幾項研究表明，你能夠應付的具有挑戰(zhàn)性的情況對人是有好處的”（Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou），接下來圍繞這個中心句闡述，因此選項A“壓力管理的好處”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“單詞shun的意思是……”。文章第一段第一句提到“人類不應該像躲避食物，愛情或鍛煉那樣去逃避壓力”（Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise），根據(jù)anymorethan可知shun與avoid是同義詞，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“從2001年對158護士的研究中，我們可以得出……”。文章第二段提到相比那些感覺自己不能應付大量工作額護士，能應付大量工作的護士更有可能說自己身體健康，由此可知選項C“做具有挑戰(zhàn)性工作可能對身體健康有益”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第三段描述的試驗中，視頻觀看者經(jīng)歷抗體下降的原因是……”。文章第三段提到在第二個試驗中，他們無法控制結果（Inthesecond,theyweren'tincontrol），選項B“結果超過控制”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“Rockefeller大學的布魯斯認為……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“這些荷爾蒙在短時間內(nèi)有正面效應，包括提高記憶力”（Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovingmemoryfunction），所以選項C“短時間內(nèi)的壓力荷爾蒙能對身體或人的大腦帶來傷害”符合題意。

2.單選題

Peoplearewaitingfor____whetherthemanisinnocentornot.

問題1選項

A.prediction

B.perturbation

C.confirmation

D.expectation

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.prediction預測B.perturbation煩惱

C.confirmation證實；確認書D.expectation預期

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處前后語義為“人們正在等待____這個人是否無辜。”由此可知，首先，空格處所填詞是人們的等待的內(nèi)容；其次該詞后接了一個定語從句，內(nèi)容為“這個人是否無辜”，這是一個需要確認的事情，因此，C選項confirmation“證實；確認書”最符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項prediction“預測”，指的是表達可能會發(fā)生什么事情的陳述，或發(fā)表這種陳述的行為，與后文“這個人是否無辜”搭配不當，要么無辜，要么有罪；

B選項perturbation“煩惱”，與前后文搭配不當；

D選項expectation“預期”，與前后文搭配不當。

【句意】人們正在等待確認這個人是否無辜。

3.單選題

There’sawhole（）ofbillswaitingtobepaid.

問題1選項

A.stock

B.stack

C.number

D.sequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。4個選項都有“大量”的意思。A選項stock“儲備物；備用物；供應物”，指儲存以后拿來用的物品，astockof“一批，大量儲備”；B選項stack“大量；許多；一大堆”，指數(shù)量很多的物品，astackof“一堆，一摞”；C選項number“大量”，anumberof“一些，許多”，搭配可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式；D選項sequence“序列，順序”，指有先后順序和連貫的事物，asequenceof“一系列，一連串”。句意：有一大堆的賬單等著你去付。Thereis是單數(shù)形式，結合語境中一大堆的賬單和詞組用法，astackof“一堆”和bills“賬單搭配”。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Youcannotexpectpeopletoworkhardunlessyougivethemsomekindof（

）.

問題1選項

A.fascination

B.incentive

C.provocation

D.temptation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fascination意為“魅力，著迷”；incentive意為“激勵，刺激，鼓勵”；provocation意為“挑釁，挑撥”；temptation意為“誘惑，引誘”。

句意：你不能指望人們努力工作，除非你給他們一些激勵。

5.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問題1選項

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

問題2選項

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

問題3選項

A.Thecosto￡raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

問題4選項

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents’legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

問題5選項

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，在發(fā)達國家中，只有兩個國家不提供帶薪照顧新生兒的假期保障。去年澳大利亞也建立了帶薪探親假，而在美國卻還是沒有這項政策。所以根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關鍵詞“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”選項B與原文描述相符。

4.根據(jù)第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”作者認為美國龐大的監(jiān)管兒童福利的家庭法律不能夠給父母提供足夠的支持。所以選項B正確。

5.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”將養(yǎng)育子女歸為一種個人選擇，沒有集體責任，這不僅僅是忽視良好養(yǎng)育的社會效益，實際上是在竊取這些福利。選項D這實際上是一個社會事業(yè)符合原文。

6.單選題

Experiencedbaseballfielderscantellhowfaraballisgoingtotraveljustbylisteningtothecrackofthebat.Iftheydidn't,theywouldn'tstandachanceofcatchingit,claimsaphysicistinNewYork.

“Whenabaseballishitstraightatanoutfielder,hecannotquicklyjudgetheangleofthescentandthedistancetheballwilltravel,”saysRobertAdair,aphysicistatYaleUniversity.Ifhereliedpurelyuponvisualinformation,thefielderwouldhavetowaitforaboutone-and-a-halfsecondsbeforehecouldtellaccuratelyifthepitcherhittheballlongorshort.Bythistimetheballmayhavetraveledtoofarforhimtoreachitintime.

Tostandafightingchanceofcatchingit,accordingtoAdair,fieldersmustlistentothesoundtheballhittingthebattojudgehowfaritwilltravel.Thereisanecdotalevidencetosupportthis,hesays.AformercentrefieldertoldAdair:“IfIheardacrackIranout,ifIheardaclunk,Iranin.”

Totesthishypothesis,Adaircalculatedhowquicklyafieldercouldchangedirectionifhehadmisjudgedwhethertheballwasgoinglongorshort.Thedifferencebetweenthe“crack”and“clunk”canbeexplainedbyhowwellthebatterhashittheball,andcouldmeanadifferenceinrunningdistanceofasmuchas30meters,hetolddelegatesatameetingoftheAcousticalSocietyofAmericaninChicagolastweek.

Scientistsalreadyknewthattohitaballlongthebattermuststrikeitsomewherenearthevibrationalnodeofthebat,knownasthesweetspot.Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.Conversely,mishitballsmakethebatvibratestronglyandsodonottravelasfar.

Adairisquicktopointoutthatthisonlyappliestowoodenbats,whichareusedinmajorleaguebaseball.Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform“ping”soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.

1.AccordingtoRobertAdair,whycan’tanoutfielderrelypurelyonvisualinformation?

2.Fromparagraph3wecaninferthata“crack”maymean().

3.Ifthebatvibratesverylittle,().

4.Adairpointsoutthathistheorycan’tbeappliedtoaluminumbatsbecause().

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Becauseitmaytakelongertimeforhimtoexertjudgment.

B.Becausetheballmaychangedirectionsduringflight.

C.Becausetheballmaybehiteitherlongorshort.

D.Becauselighttravelsfasterthansound.

問題2選項

A.alongball

B.ashortball

C.agoodball

D.amishitball

問題3選項

A.thefielderisunabletocatchthesound

B.theballwilltraveltoashortdistance

C.theballmayreceivegreaterenergy

D.thefieldershouldquicklyrunin

問題4選項

A.the"ping”soundistoovagueforafieldertocatch

B.withthealuminumbatsthebatteralwayshitstheballstronger

C.theydon’tproducedifferentsoundsof“crack”and“clunk”

D.thesoundstheyproducemayinterferewiththefieldersjudgment

問題5選項

A.Hittingtheballtoproducedifferentsoundsisnotaneasymatter.

B.Thesoundofthebatmaygivefieldersmorechancestocatchtheball.

C.Aluminumbatsareinferiortothewoodenones.

D.ThestudyofRobertAdairshockstheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ifhereliedpurelyupon...theballlongorshort.”如果完全依靠視覺信息，守場員要等大約1.5秒才能準確地判斷投手的擊球是長是短。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)下文可知，“crack”and“clunk”是用來判斷擊球的好壞，所以首先排除選項A和B。當聽到“crack”就跑出去，聽到“clunk”就跑進來，由此推斷，“crack”指沒打好的球，“clunk”指好球。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.”擊中球的最佳位置時，球棒產(chǎn)生的耗能振動更少，從而使球獲得更大的能量傳遞。選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform'ping'soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.”鋁棒無論你在哪里擊打，都會發(fā)出相當均勻的“砰”的一聲。也就是說不會像木棒擊打的那樣發(fā)出不同的聲音，選項C符合原文。

5.本文主要是講根據(jù)球棒擊球時發(fā)出聲音的不同來判斷擊球的好壞，從而使得外野手有更多的機會去接球。選項B更能概括全文主題。

7.單選題

Womenoncedemandedmenwith______socialskills,butthey'renowfocusingon"hisvalues,ifhe’sinterestedinfamily".

問題1選項

A.impeditive

B.colossal

C.blemish

D.impeccable

【答案】D

【解析】impeditive阻礙的,妨礙的;colossal巨大的,龐大的;blemish污點,缺點,瑕疵；impeccable沒有缺點的，無瑕疵的。句意：女性曾經(jīng)要求男性具備無可挑剔的社交能力，但現(xiàn)在她們關注的是“他的價值觀，他是否熱愛家庭”。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信賴,信心;shelter庇護,避難所,遮蓋物;inclination傾向,愛好。句意：知識是我們老年時舒適而必要的退隱之所;如果我們年輕時不準備,年老時就得不到它的庇護。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen______foritsstreetviolence.

問題1選項

A.notorious

B.responsible

C.historical

D.illegal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B選項responsible“負責的，可靠的；有責任的”；C選項historical“歷史的；史學的；基于史實的”；D選項illegal“非法的；違法的；違反規(guī)則的”。句意：該市的那個地區(qū)長期以來因街頭暴力而臭名昭著。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Sheiskidding.

B.Shewillgetaraise.

C.Themanwillgetaraise.

D.Themanwillgetapromotion.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Ourmanagingdirectorisgoingtogiveyouaraise.

M:Really?Areyoukiddingme?

W:Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!

Q:Whatdoesthewomansay?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說：Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!肯定男士即將漲薪水。

11.單選題

Wearetoldthatthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogramme,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtosomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirownlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnonotethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarryandwhichmay,conceivablygotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesareresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobserve—fleetingly—individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,issufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesire,tokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.TheorgansoftheEstablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandWhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathatthenwillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquirydonotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiriesmightreallyhurt,Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptions.Ofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestiontheseclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogrammersgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

Theresultcanbeseeninahundredradioandtelevisionprogrammersasplainlyasinthenormaltreatmentofpublicissuesinthepopularpress.Differentlevelsofbackgroundinthereadersorviewersmaybeassumed,butwhatusuallytakesplaceisasubstitutefortheprocessofarrivingatjudgment.Programmerssuchasthisarenoteworthylessforthe'stimulation'theyofferthanforthefactthatthatstimulation(repeatedatregularintervals)maybecomeasubstitutefor,andsoahindranceto,judgmentscarefullyarrivedatandtestedinthemindandonthepulses.Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything.

1.TheauthorholdsthattheEstablishmentshouldtryto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmasscommunicationsdealwithintellectualmatters,theyshould（）.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraljusttoshow（）.

4.Theword“fleetingly”inParagraph1means（）.

5.Inthepassagetheauthorcriticizesthemassmediafor（）.

問題1選項

A.doagoodservicetosociety

B.altertheformofpublicinstitutions

C.maintainitspositioninsociety

D.kindlestrongemotionsinthepublic

問題2選項

A.lookonthemasadomesticpastime

B.regardthemasmostpressingmatters

C.thinkofthemascontroversialmatters

D.considerthemtobeofonlydomesticinterest

問題3選項

A.sometimespayingcloseattentiontodetailsisextremelyimportant

B.greatworksofartusuallyneedgoodandsolidfoundations

C.theancientsocietyhaddifferentbeliefs

D.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialsonly

問題4選項

A.attentively

B.transiently

C.Sentimentally

D.strictly

問題5選項

A.theirwideningthegapbetweenreadersorviewers

B.theirfailingtoreachanydefiniteconclusionsoverwhattheyreport

C.theirsettingtoointellectualastandard

D.theircateringforasmallnumberofaudiences

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:文章第二段提到無論這些組織的初衷有多么美好，也不管它們的形式是什么樣的，比如國家、教會、社團、政黨等等，都只會為了平衡各方的利益而屈從于現(xiàn)狀，所以作者認為應該努力改變公共機構的形式，選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第三段最后一句話Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything提到大眾傳媒讓知識事宜失去本來的活力，讓它們坐在壁爐旁，有序卻無用，就像一場家庭游戲。由此可以看出，大眾傳媒在處理知識相關的事情時，把它看作一場娛樂。選項A符合題意。

第3題:從文章第一段最后三句提到通過練石場的大量石頭，人們可以想象出這些石頭極有可能被用來建教堂。大眾傳媒不能建大教堂，而且它們展示石頭的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用對比手法的目的只是為了說明要想得到某些有價值的結果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以選項D符合題意。

第4題:attentively“聚精會神地”；transiently“短暫的”；sentimentally“多情地”；strictly“嚴格地”。選項B符合題意。

第5題:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大眾媒體不能對所報道的內(nèi)容給出絕對真實的評論，所以選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Mypain（）apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

問題1選項

A.mustbe

B.musthavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。由原文句意可知，當我進房間的時候，我的痛苦一定很明顯，因為第一個看到我的人就同情地問我“你沒事吧”。分析句子結構可知，for連接并列句，補充說明前文推測的原因。再通過walked可知，空缺處是對過去的事實進行肯定的推測，因此應選用musthavebeen。故本題正確答案為B選項。

13.單選題

Igotupsolatethismorning1hadtocookupsomeexcuseaboutmycarbreakingdown.

問題1選項

A.initiate

B.challenge

C.invent

D.appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.initiate開始；發(fā)起B(yǎng).challenge挑戰(zhàn)

C.invent發(fā)明；編造D.appreciate欣賞；賞識

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞someexcuse（一些借口）可知，cookup表示“編造”的意思，C項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】我今天早上起得這么晚，我不得不編造一些借口，說我的車壞了。

14.單選題

Thepressisconstantlyremindingusthatthedramaticincreaseintheageofourpopulationoverthenext30orsoyearswillcausenationalhealthcaresystemstocollapse,economiestocrumpleunderthestrainofpensiondemandsanddisintegratingfamiliestobuckleunderincreasingcarecommitments.YetresearchatOxfordisbeginningtoexposesomeofthewidespreadmythsthatunderliethisrhetoric.Demographicagingisundoubtedlyareality.Lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieshasrisencontinuouslyoverthepastcentury,increasingthepercentageofthoseovertheageof60relativetothoseundertheageof15.By2030halfthepopulationofWesternEuropewillbeovertheageof50,withapredictedaveragelifeexpectancyofafurther40years.Bythen,aquarterofthepopulationwillbeover65andby2050theUK’scurrentnumbersof10,000centenariansarepredictedtohavereachedaquarterofamillion.SomedemographershaveevensuggestedthathalfofallbabygirlsbomintheWesttodaywilllivetoseethenextcentury.

（1）

Indeed,ifthiscouldbeachievedthroughouttheworld,itwouldsurelycountasthesuccessofcivilization,forthenwewouldalsohaveconqueredthekillersofpoverty,disease,famineandwar.

Decreasingmortalityratesincreasinglongevityanddecliningfertilitymeansmallerpercentagesofyoungpeoplewithinpopulations.Overthepast20yearslifeexpectancyatbirthintheUKhasrisenbyfouryearsformen(to75)andthreeyearsforwomen(to80).MeanwhilefertilityratesacrossEuropehavedeclinedmoreorlesscontinuouslyoverthepast40yearsandremainwellbelowthelevelsr