考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者認(rèn)為，是什么加劇了全球變暖的嚴(yán)重性？文章手段提到了關(guān)鍵詞“全球變暖”，并指向美國(guó)政府的不作為會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況迅速惡化。因此答案出現(xiàn)在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”，出于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治原因，美國(guó)政府選擇煤炭作為燃料。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：關(guān)于有效控制碳排放的障礙，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”，說(shuō)明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制達(dá)不到預(yù)期效果。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者建議如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題？最后一段中，作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”，說(shuō)明作者建議美國(guó)政府為碳排放進(jìn)行定價(jià)，投資開(kāi)發(fā)減少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

AsaCongressmanfromOhio,aRepublican,and（）theantiwarmovement,theyoungpoliticianbecamewellblownduringthe1960s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aleaderof

B.tolead

C.leading

D.liewasleading

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干可知，空格應(yīng)該跟前面的aCongressman和aRepublican是并列的，因此A項(xiàng)正確。句意：作為俄亥俄州的國(guó)會(huì)議員、共和黨人和反戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖，這位年輕的政治家在20世紀(jì)60年代大受歡迎。

3.單選題

Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggs（

）carefullyinherhands.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeheld

B.wereheld

C.held

D.holding

【答案】C

【解析】句意:馬吉跑回廚房，雞蛋小心地握在手中。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楠?dú)立主格。分析題干可知,句子前半句已完整,所以句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主句加分句,或者主句加獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。空格處不可能為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。排除B。分句主語(yǔ)eggs“雞蛋”應(yīng)該是被放在手上。A選項(xiàng)tobeheld表示的是一種目的，或者是將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情，不符題意。C選項(xiàng)邏輯主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，符合題意。

4.寫(xiě)作題

Doyouthinkpeopleshouldbuythingsmadeintheirowncountry,evenwhenthepriceishigherthanthesamethingsmadesomewhereelse?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.

【答案】

PeopleShouldChoosetheProductsTheyWouldLiketoBuy5.單選題

Therearestillmanycountrieswherethedeathpenaltyisthe（

）againstmurder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanction

B.prevention

C.fright

D.threat

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁，處罰”；prevention“預(yù)防，阻止”；fright“驚嚇”；threat“威脅”。句意：仍然有許多國(guó)家將死刑作犯謀殺罪的處罰。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質(zhì)，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質(zhì)，特性。句意：他年輕時(shí)的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊(duì)，而且對(duì)他的妻子也是一樣。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto（）whathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assume

B.consume

C.presume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。assume假定，設(shè)想；consume消費(fèi)，揮霍；presume假定，推測(cè)；resume繼續(xù)，重新開(kāi)始。句意：大病初愈后，他決心繼續(xù)以前所做的以達(dá)到目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Clause13providesforthedocumentationnecessaryforanaudittrailwherebythephysiciansendsthedeclarationandproofthatallthequalifyingdocumentshavebeenmet（

）acommissionconsistingofageneralpractitioner,alaymemberand—youguessedit—alawyer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.with

C.to

D.from

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞用法。句子主干是“thephysiciansendsthedeclarationandproof…acommission”。“thatallthequalifyingdocumentshavebeenmet”是由that引導(dǎo)的從句，修飾“thedeclarationandproof”；commission后面是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。sendsth.to“把某物送至某處或送給某人”是固定用法，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathinginitself.Itisn’t.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecan’tthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisn’t.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.

TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcameintobeing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.

Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Farwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearth-quakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.

Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.

ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,thendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalwouldstarve.

Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.

Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.

Inthesameway,onplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarth’slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfertilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.

Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwearandtear—asintheskinorintheintestinallining—growandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerveandmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.

Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofdie“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecalledecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheyliveonaredecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thendeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.

Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.

Inecology,thesamewouldhappeningif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyattheexpenseofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystem—mostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoftheinanimateenvironment.

Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively.

AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.

ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth’sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

Thecure?Justwhatitisforanycancer.Thecancerousgrowthmustsomehowbestopped.

Ofcourse,itwillbe.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthwillstop,asacancerousgrowthinamanwillstopifnothingisdone.Themandiesandthecancerdieswithit.

Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.

Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjusticeasthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theanalogybetweentheentireplanetandthehumanbodyisbasedonallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisNOTtrueaboutthepopulationintheworld?

4.In“Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjustice”(lastparagraph),whichofthefollowingdoes“this”referto?

5.“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”(12thparagraph)means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittooktheuniverse5billionyearstoformtheearth.

B.Evaporation,condensation,solution,weatheringarefourmajorfactorsthatcontributedtotheformationoftheearth.

C.Lifeformswerefirstdevelopedindeepwaterbetween2billionand3billionyearsago.

D.Lifeisasmuch,partofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionisandinreverse,theinanimateportionoftheEarthisshapedandmodifiedbylife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarebothcomposedofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions.

B.Theyarebothenormouslyintricateandinterrelatedsystems.

C.Theyarebothmadeupof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.

D.Theiroverallgrowthmaybedisruptedifagroupofcellsoraparticulartypeoforganismbeginstogrowwithoutlimit.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Forthousandsofyears,humanpopulationhasbeenincreasinginnumber.

B.AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,humanpopulationwasincreasingslowly.

C.Today,theEarth’spopulationisestimatedtodoublein35years.

D.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthoftheEarth’spopulationwillneverstop.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thehumanpopulationexplosionbeingstopped.

B.Raisingthedeathrateorloweringthebirthrate.

C.Thedeathraterisingspontaneouslyandcatastrophically.

D.Reductionofthebirthrate.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thebalancedandinterrelateddevelopmentofanorgan.

B.Thepurecostofdevelopmentwithinorganism.

C.Theveryslowdevelopmentwithinorganism.

D.Therapiddevelopmentoforganism.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？”根據(jù)第二段第一句TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.（地球自從呈現(xiàn)目前的形狀近50億年以來(lái)，已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一次巨大的演化）可知，50億年前地球初步形成，并非地球花了50億年才形成，A項(xiàng)“宇宙花了50億年才形成了地球”錯(cuò)誤；由第三段前兩句N(xiāo)orwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.（海洋、大氣和固體地殼在形成后也不是相互獨(dú)立的?？偸怯邢嗷プ饔茫赫舭l(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化。）可知，蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化只是地球形成后海洋、大氣層以及地殼之間作用的形式，而不是地球形成的因素，B項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化是促成地球形成的四個(gè)主要因素”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.（在20億到30億年前，部分地表水沐浴在太陽(yáng)的高能輻射下，發(fā)展出結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、功能豐富的化合物，可以稱(chēng)得上是我們所說(shuō)的“生命”。）可知，生命的形式是在地球表面發(fā)展來(lái)的，C項(xiàng)“生命形式最初是在20億到30億年前的深水中發(fā)展起來(lái)的”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段第一句ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.（但是生命形式是地球結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，就像任何無(wú)生命的部分一樣）和第六段首句Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.（反之亦然，地球上無(wú)生命的部分是由生命塑造的）可知，D項(xiàng)“生命和任何無(wú)生命的部分一樣，都是地球結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，地球的無(wú)生命部分是由生命塑造和修改的”正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的說(shuō)法，整個(gè)地球和人體之間的類(lèi)比是基于以下幾個(gè)，除了……？”。根據(jù)文章的第七段Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).（整個(gè)地球，加上太陽(yáng)能，是一個(gè)龐大而錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)。整個(gè)地球是一種由無(wú)生命部分和各種各樣的生命部分組成的生命形式，就像我們自己的身體是由骨頭中的無(wú)生命晶體和血液中的無(wú)生命水，以及各種各樣的生命部分組成。）和第八段Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.（事實(shí)上，我們可以進(jìn)行類(lèi)比。一個(gè)人由50萬(wàn)億個(gè)不同類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞組成，它們都是相互關(guān)聯(lián)、相互依賴(lài)的。失去其中一些細(xì)胞，比如構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體的細(xì)胞，將嚴(yán)重阻礙整個(gè)有機(jī)體的其他部分：一個(gè)器官中相對(duì)少數(shù)的細(xì)胞受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，如心臟或腎臟，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致50萬(wàn)億個(gè)細(xì)胞全部死亡。）可知，A項(xiàng)“它們都是由無(wú)生命部分和各種各樣的生命部分組成”、B項(xiàng)“它們都是非常復(fù)雜和相互關(guān)聯(lián)的系統(tǒng)”和D項(xiàng)“如果一組細(xì)胞或某種生物體開(kāi)始無(wú)限制地生長(zhǎng)，它們的整體生長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)受到干擾”是符合文意的；C項(xiàng)“它們都是由50萬(wàn)億個(gè)不同類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞組成的，都是相互聯(lián)系和相互依賴(lài)的”是人體的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，并不是地球的。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，關(guān)于世界人口，哪些是不正確的？”。根據(jù)第十五段的內(nèi)容：AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.（在凱撒時(shí)代，地球人口估計(jì)有1.5億，如果這個(gè)速度保持不變，人口將在1000年內(nèi)增長(zhǎng)一倍。今天，地球上的人口估計(jì)約為40億，它的增長(zhǎng)速度如果穩(wěn)定的話(huà)，將使其在35年內(nèi)翻一番。）可知，A項(xiàng)“幾千年來(lái)，人類(lèi)人口一直在增加”和C項(xiàng)“今天，地球的人口估計(jì)在35年內(nèi)翻一番”正確；文中提到如果按凱撒時(shí)代的人口增長(zhǎng)速度，在1000年內(nèi)人口將增長(zhǎng)一倍，即2億，但如今地球上人口是40億，是凱撒時(shí)代的26倍，所以B項(xiàng)“在凱撒大帝時(shí)期，人口增長(zhǎng)緩慢”正確；D項(xiàng)“如果我們什么都不做，地球人口的增長(zhǎng)將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止”文章并未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“最后一段‘如果做不到這一點(diǎn)，人類(lèi)就會(huì)站在抽象的正義面前’中的‘這個(gè)’指的是什么？”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.（怎樣才能阻止人口爆炸？通過(guò)提高死亡率或降低出生率。沒(méi)有其他選擇。如果我們什么都不做，死亡率會(huì)自然上升，最終導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的后果，而且是在幾十年內(nèi)。無(wú)論如何，降低出生率肯定是可取的，因此這是當(dāng)今人類(lèi)的首要任務(wù)。）可知，倒數(shù)第二段主要闡述我們需要降低出生率或者提高死亡率來(lái)阻止人口爆炸，但無(wú)論如何降低出生率肯定是可取的；接著最后一段就說(shuō)如果我們做不到這點(diǎn)，人類(lèi)就會(huì)成為大屠殺者；綜合推斷可知，“this”指的是降低出生率，D項(xiàng)“降低出生率”正確；A項(xiàng)“人口爆炸停止了”，文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)人口爆炸停止，而是建議采取措施阻止人口爆炸；B項(xiàng)“提高死亡率或降低出生率”，文中沒(méi)有提到提高死亡率肯定是可取的，且最后一段講到如果我們不降低出生率，那么人類(lèi)就會(huì)成為屠殺者，所以可以看出提高死亡率實(shí)不可取的；C項(xiàng)“死亡率自發(fā)地、災(zāi)難性地上升”也不符合段落前后邏輯。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第十二段中的‘Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism’是什么意思？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第十二段：Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.（在一個(gè)有機(jī)體中，比如人類(lèi)，凈增長(zhǎng)有時(shí)候會(huì)受到干擾，一群細(xì)胞開(kāi)始無(wú)限制地增長(zhǎng)，原因我們尚且不知。這是一種可怕的癌癥，除非這一生長(zhǎng)的細(xì)胞群以某種方式停止生長(zhǎng)，否則這種瘋狂的生長(zhǎng)將破壞所有的身體結(jié)構(gòu)，最終殺死生物體本身。），結(jié)合上一段講到了生物之間的相互依存關(guān)系，綜合可以推斷，“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”指的是機(jī)體內(nèi)部的良性發(fā)展，A項(xiàng)“機(jī)體的平衡和相互關(guān)聯(lián)的發(fā)展”正確；B項(xiàng)“有機(jī)體內(nèi)部發(fā)展的純代價(jià)”、C項(xiàng)“有機(jī)體內(nèi)部的緩慢發(fā)展”和D項(xiàng)“有機(jī)體的快速發(fā)展”表述都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.Toloseweightyousimplyhadtopracticethereverseofhomeeconomics—spendmorethanyouearned.Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.

Tostayahealthyweight,youneedahormonecalledleptontoworkproperly.Itsends“I’mfull”messagesfromthefatcellsuptothebrain,wheretheygo,amongotherplaces,tothesamepleasurecentersthatrespondtodrugslikecocaine.Fatpeopleproduceplentyoflepton,butthebraindoesn’tseemtorespondtoitproperly.LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit（線(xiàn)路）wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.

There’salotofevidenceforthefactthatmost,ifnotall,ofushaveasetpointaroundwhichourweightcanvarybyaboutseventoninekilos,butanythingbeyondthatisarealstruggle.Makingchangesishard,particularlyifyourbodyisworkingagainstyou.Sowhynotrejectthetraditionalapproachesandtrysomenewmethod,basedonthelatestresearch,thatworkwithyourbodyratherthanagainstit.

SeveralyearsagoresearchersattheNationalInstituteonAginginBaltimorereportedthatwhentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.Thesamegoesforhumans,accordingtoDr.JamesJohnson.

Howdoesitwork?Besidesforcingthebodytoburnfat,itmayalsocausehormonalchanges.Mostpeoplesaythatthediettakesabitofgettingusedto,butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.

Olderdietersmayremembersomethingcalledbrownfat.Unliketheundesirablewhitestuff;thiswasadieter’sdream.Insteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.Brownfatfelloutoffavorbecauseresearcherscouldn’tfindmuchinhumansbutnow,thankstotheNewEnglandjournalofMedicine,it’sbackinfashion.Theideaistoexposepeopletocoldtemperatures.Theythenmakemorebrownfatandtheirweightdrops.

1.Thelastsentenceinparagraph1indicatesthatpeople’sunderstandingoflosingweight（）.

2.AccordingtothefindingsoftheOregonResearchInstitute,（）.

3.ThemethodusedbytheNationalInstituteonAgingcanbesummarizedas“（）”.

4.Theword“grinding”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Itcanbelearnedthatbrownfat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isunnecessarilycomplicated

B.seemsratherunreasonable

C.usedtobelimited

D.canbepartlyjustified

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Overweightpeoplegotlesspleasurefromeatingthesameamount

B.Overweightpeopleenjoyedeatingmorethantheothersdo

C.Peoplewillbecomeoverweightiftheyeatmorethantheyneed

D.Peoplearemorelikelytobeoverweightiftheyproducelesslepton

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nodietatall

B.Dietonadailybasis

C.Dieteveryotherday

D.Dietpermanently

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Effective

B.Realistic

C.Unreliable

D.Miserable

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.convertsexcessenergyintofat

B.accumulateseasilyinhumanbodies

C.worksbetterinwarmtemperatures

D.burnsextraenergytoproduceheat

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第一段說(shuō)到“Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.（從前，人們認(rèn)為保持健康的體重很容易。）”；“Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.（不幸的是，對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，事實(shí)證明人比銀行賬戶(hù)復(fù)雜得多，但這也許并不令人意外。）”，由這兩句可以看出以前人們對(duì)減肥的概念很片面、有限，殊不知人體機(jī)能是很復(fù)雜的，所以最后一句話(huà)表明了人們對(duì)減肥的理解是很有限的，A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜難懂的”；B選項(xiàng)“似乎是相當(dāng)不合理的”；D選項(xiàng)“部分可以被證明的”都不符合段意，因此C選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去是有限的”正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。theOregonResearchInstitute的研究出現(xiàn)在第二段，原文“LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit（線(xiàn)路）wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.（去年俄勒岡州研究所研究人員掃描超重的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的大腦獎(jiǎng)賞回路（線(xiàn)路）是不夠的。他們吃得更多，試圖獲得他們錯(cuò)過(guò)的樂(lè)趣。）”的意思是胖的人和其他人吃同等數(shù)量的食物時(shí)，他們獲得的樂(lè)趣會(huì)比其他人少，因?yàn)樗麄兇竽X中的獎(jiǎng)賞回路不如其他人，因此會(huì)吃更多來(lái)試圖獲得樂(lè)趣。B選項(xiàng)“超重的人比其他人吃得更多”；C選項(xiàng)“如果人們吃得比需要的多，他們就會(huì)超重”；D選項(xiàng)“如果產(chǎn)生的瘦素較少，人們更有可能超重”都不是該研究的內(nèi)容，因此A選項(xiàng)“超重的人在吃同樣數(shù)量的食物時(shí)得到的快樂(lè)較少”正確。

3.推理判斷題。theNationalInstituteonAging的研究出現(xiàn)在第四段，原文說(shuō)到“whentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.（當(dāng)他們一天給老鼠很少的食物，第二天讓它們吃大量的食物時(shí)，它們幾乎顯示出了長(zhǎng)期限制卡路里飲食的所有好處。）”。所以這個(gè)方法可以總結(jié)為隔天節(jié)食。A選項(xiàng)“不節(jié)食”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“日常節(jié)食”也不正確；D選項(xiàng)“永久性節(jié)食”也不是該研究的內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)“隔天節(jié)食”正確。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。第五段“butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.（但并不像每天嘗試節(jié)食那么痛苦。）”。grinding的意思是“無(wú)休止的；（狀態(tài)）難熬的”，A選項(xiàng)Effective“有效的，實(shí)際的”；B選項(xiàng)Realistic“現(xiàn)實(shí)的，逼真的”；C選項(xiàng)Unreliable“不可靠的，靠不住的”；D選項(xiàng)Miserable“痛苦的，悲慘的”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。brownfat出現(xiàn)在文章第六段?！癐nsteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.（棕色脂肪組織并沒(méi)有以脂肪的形式儲(chǔ)存多余的能量，而是通過(guò)燃燒來(lái)保持體溫——至少在老鼠身上是這樣的。）”，該句說(shuō)明棕色脂肪燃燒多余的能量來(lái)產(chǎn)生熱量。A選項(xiàng)“把多余的能量轉(zhuǎn)化成脂肪”；B選項(xiàng)“容易在人體內(nèi)積聚”；C選項(xiàng)“在溫暖的溫度下工作效果更好”都與原文事實(shí)不符，因此D選項(xiàng)“燃燒額外的能量產(chǎn)生熱量”正確。

11.單選題

Fitnesshelps______signsofdepression,suchasindecisionandlackofzestfordailyactivities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.diagnose

C.assess

D.manipulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項(xiàng)diagnose“診斷；