考研考博-英語-桂林電子科技大學(xué)信息科技學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-桂林電子科技大學(xué)信息科技學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)permissive“寬容的”；B選項(xiàng)permutable“可排列的；能交換的”；C選項(xiàng)pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險(xiǎn)惡的”；D選項(xiàng)permissible“可允許的；獲得準(zhǔn)許的”。句意：在許多國家，吸煙在公共場(chǎng)所是不……。結(jié)合句意，A，B，C選項(xiàng)可以排除，D選項(xiàng)permissible（可允許的；獲得準(zhǔn)許的）最符合語意，吸煙在公眾場(chǎng)合是不被允許的，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對(duì)固定，因此選D。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國人的目標(biāo)”；B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國社會(huì)的許多方面）可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國的一些價(jià)值觀，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會(huì)男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的變化；最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國生活的新影響”符合題意。

3.單選題

Thekeytothisnewmaterialdevelopmentisresearchers'increasingabilityto（

）substancesatthemolecularlevel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulate

B.manipulate

C.regulate

D.stimulate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這種新材料開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵在于研究人員需要提升如何在分子水平上合成物質(zhì)的能力。

formulate:規(guī)劃，制定，用公式表示。manipulate:控制，操縱,影響。regulate:約束，管理，控制。stimulate：使興奮，促進(jìn)，激勵(lì)。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意,在句子中語義為“合成”。

4.翻譯題

WhenvisitingtheU.K.andlookingtoseewhatphonesthelocalsuse,oddsarethateveryotheronehasGoogleorAndroiddeviceinhand.ResearchfromKantarWorldpanelComTechbywayoftheMobileBusinessBriefingindicatesthatAndroidphonescommanda49.9percentmarketshareintheU.K.,upfrom29percentayearago.MuchoftheAndroidsharecomesattheexpenseofacompetitoryoumightexpecttobehurtingtoobadly:Apple’siPhone.

ThereareafewreasonsIcanthinkofthatexplainthenumbers,andIexpectabitofareversalinthenextsixmonthsorso.First,eventhoughtheiPhone4wasapopularmodelformorethanayear,otherAndroidphonesarrivedtothemarketbeforethetraditionalyearlyiPhonerefresh.IsuspectsomeintheU.K.decidednottowaitfortheiPhone4SandinsteadpurchasedanewSamsungorHTCdevice.Indeed,thesetwohandsetmakersaccountedfor83percentofallAndroidsalesintheU.K.inthethree-monthperiodendingOct.2.

【答案】答：

如果你在英國，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)街上每?jī)蓚€(gè)人中就有一個(gè)使用的是安裝谷歌或安卓系統(tǒng)的智能手機(jī)。市場(chǎng)研究公司KantarWorldpanelComTech通過移動(dòng)商業(yè)簡(jiǎn)報(bào)完成的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，安卓手機(jī)在英國市場(chǎng)的市占率達(dá)49.9%，環(huán)比上升了29%。而安卓手機(jī)的市場(chǎng)份額大多數(shù)來自于蘋果公司的iPhone。

為什么市場(chǎng)份額會(huì)有這么大的變動(dòng)？我想原因有很多，而且我預(yù)計(jì)在未來六個(gè)月內(nèi)將有一定的反彈。首先，雖然iPhone4已經(jīng)流行了一年多，但更多的安卓手機(jī)趁蘋果公司新款發(fā)布會(huì)之前進(jìn)入了市場(chǎng)。我猜測(cè)一些人決定不再等待iPhone4S，轉(zhuǎn)而購買了三星或者HTC的新款手機(jī)。截至十月二日，在過去的三個(gè)月期間，這兩大手機(jī)生產(chǎn)商占據(jù)了英國安卓手機(jī)83%的份額。

5.單選題

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto（）,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolt

B.revolve

C.reverse

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】句意:90年代初期發(fā)生的若干國際事件，似乎有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)或者至少能夠緩解80年代出現(xiàn)的趨勢(shì)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。revolt叛逆，反抗，不及物動(dòng)詞,故排除；revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，環(huán)繞，不及物動(dòng)詞,故排除。Reverse顛倒，逆轉(zhuǎn)。Revive（使）蘇醒，復(fù)興，復(fù)活。根據(jù)句意“或者至少能夠緩解”可知C正確。

6.單選題

（）tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NosoonerhadhebegunC.Hardlyhadhebegun

B.C.HardlyhadhebegunB.

C.HardlyhadhebegunB.Notuntilbegan

D.Scarcelydidhebegin

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配題。Hardly...when.…表示“一...就..”。句意：他剛一開始說話,

觀眾就打斷了他。

7.單選題

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goastray

B.wander

C.diverge

D.gooff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。goastray“走入歧途；迷路”；wander“徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge“分化；分歧，相異；偏離”；gooff“離開，進(jìn)行；變質(zhì)”。句意：你必須記住當(dāng)你寫論文的時(shí)候不要偏離主題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.

Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.

16.Theword“paradox”(Para.1)means“____”.

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

17.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because____.

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena

18.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause____.

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

19.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause____.

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

20.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause____.

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】16.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第1段第1句Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.（我們認(rèn)為物理科學(xué)是“硬科學(xué)”，社會(huì)科學(xué)是“軟科學(xué)”，而生物科學(xué)則介于兩者之間，這是一個(gè)奇怪的____。）；第2句Thisisinterpretedtomeanthat…（這意味著我們對(duì)物理系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)比我們對(duì)生物系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)更確定，而生物系統(tǒng)又比我們對(duì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)更確定。）；第3句Intermsof…onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.（然而，就我們對(duì)相關(guān)宇宙進(jìn)行采樣的能力而言，以及我們對(duì)這些宇宙的想象至少大致正確的可能性而言，有人懷疑顛倒順序更合理。）根據(jù)第2、3句判斷，第1句對(duì)三種的科學(xué)的排序有兩種完全相反的觀點(diǎn)，B選項(xiàng)“矛盾”最相符，原文paradox意為“悖論”；A選項(xiàng)“暗示”、C選項(xiàng)“解釋”、D選項(xiàng)“困惑，不確定”不符合語境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

17.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，我們應(yīng)該扭轉(zhuǎn)我們對(duì)物理科學(xué)的‘硬’分類和對(duì)社會(huì)科學(xué)的‘軟’分類，因?yàn)開___”，可定位到原文第1段第3句Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.（然而，就我們對(duì)相關(guān)宇宙進(jìn)行采樣的能力而言，以及我們對(duì)這些宇宙的想象至少大致正確的可能性而言，有人懷疑顛倒順序更合理。）由此可知，顛倒順序與“采樣的能力”以及“現(xiàn)有觀點(diǎn)的正確性”有關(guān)。根據(jù)顛倒后的順序判斷，社會(huì)科學(xué)比物理科學(xué)的采樣能力很強(qiáng)，正確性更大，D選項(xiàng)“與對(duì)物理現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查能力相比，我們對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查能力更強(qiáng)”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“逆向排序有助于促進(jìn)物理科學(xué)的發(fā)展”，原文并未提及，排除；B選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)物理系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)比社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)更可靠”，與原文意思相反，社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)更可靠，排除；C選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)社會(huì)制度的理解大致正確”，可定位到第1段第5句Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.（因此，盡管我們對(duì)社會(huì)制度的認(rèn)識(shí)在許多方面極其不準(zhǔn)確，但它不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重地推翻。）由此可知，我們對(duì)社會(huì)制度的認(rèn)識(shí)在許多方面極其不準(zhǔn)確，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

18.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“作者認(rèn)為，我們對(duì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)比物理系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)更可靠，因?yàn)開___”，可定位到第1段第5句Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.（因此，雖然我們對(duì)社會(huì)制度的認(rèn)識(shí)在許多方面極其不準(zhǔn)確，但是它不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)完全推翻。）我們對(duì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)不容易被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻即更可靠，B選項(xiàng)“新發(fā)現(xiàn)不太可能出現(xiàn)在社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域”，表述與原文不符，不是沒有新發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是新發(fā)現(xiàn)不會(huì)完全推翻現(xiàn)有理論，排除。根據(jù)原文therefore提示，原因可以定位到前一句話Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.（我們有能力對(duì)地球的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行抽樣，并有一定的信心對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中合理的樣本進(jìn)行調(diào)查。）由此可知，因?yàn)橛泻侠淼臉颖緮?shù)據(jù)，我們對(duì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)更可靠，C選項(xiàng)“它依據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)量是非常有代表性的”，表述符合原文；A選項(xiàng)“它不是基于個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，可定位到第1段最后一句…eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.（……即使它是建立在非常不完善的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)上），由此可知，它是基于個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，只不過這對(duì)正確性的影響不大，選項(xiàng)表述不正確；D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的記錄更可靠”，可定位到第2段倒數(shù)第2句...comparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems...（……和豐富的關(guān)于社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的記錄相比……），文中指提到了關(guān)于社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的記錄豐富，并沒有就可靠程度進(jìn)行比較，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“物理科學(xué)最有可能發(fā)生巨大變化的原因是____”，可定位到原文第3段第1句Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,ofevenofearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.（相比之下，我們對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)識(shí)，甚至對(duì)地球的地質(zhì)歷史的認(rèn)識(shí)，都很容易隨著新數(shù)據(jù)的加入和新理論的提出而發(fā)生革命性的變化。）由此可知，原因有兩個(gè)，“新數(shù)據(jù)的加入”和“新理論的出現(xiàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“新信息不斷地加入”符合原文；原文并沒有說新出現(xiàn)的理論是與現(xiàn)有理論是矛盾的，A選項(xiàng)“矛盾的理論層出不窮”不符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展的方向很難預(yù)測(cè)”，原文并未提及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)是不準(zhǔn)確的”，可定位到原文第2段第2句Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,then...thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure...（如果我們將“可靠性”定義為整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)部分遭受重大變化的可能性的話，那么……物理科學(xué)是最不可靠的……）由此可知，物理科學(xué)最不可靠即我們對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)不準(zhǔn)確，是因?yàn)殛P(guān)于物理世界的理論很容易發(fā)生重大變化，而題干問的是很容易發(fā)生重大變化的原因是什么，選項(xiàng)表述答非所問。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

20.判斷推理題。題干“我們對(duì)宇宙的了解比我們對(duì)任何社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的了解都要少，是因?yàn)開___”可定位到原文第3段倒數(shù)第2句Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.（我們對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)識(shí)是最可靠的，是因?yàn)槲覀冇^察到的是如此小的一個(gè)樣本，并且關(guān)于它的記錄，與社會(huì)系統(tǒng)豐富的記錄甚至生物系統(tǒng)有限的記錄相比，是微不足道的。）由此可知，我們對(duì)宇宙的了解很少是因?yàn)闃颖竞陀涗浐苌?。根?jù)原文第1段第4句Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.（我們有能力對(duì)地球的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行抽樣，并有一定的信心對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中合理的樣本進(jìn)行調(diào)查）?？芍?，我們對(duì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)可靠是因?yàn)橛泻侠淼臉颖緮?shù)據(jù)，綜合這兩點(diǎn)來看，我們對(duì)宇宙的了解很少是因?yàn)闃颖镜木壒?，C選項(xiàng)“只有非常小的一部分樣本已經(jīng)被觀察到”，符合原文；A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于它的起源和歷史有各種各樣的理論”，可定位到原文最后一段Eveninregardto...themoon,...theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.（即使是對(duì)于……月球……，關(guān)于它的起源和歷史的理論也是截然不同，相互矛盾，難以選擇。）由此可知，A選項(xiàng)表述的是對(duì)月球的認(rèn)識(shí)，只是文章舉的一個(gè)例子，與題干無關(guān)，排除；B選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)它的認(rèn)識(shí)是非常不可靠的”，因?yàn)閷?duì)宇宙了解比較少，所以形成的認(rèn)識(shí)也不可靠，B選項(xiàng)因果倒置，排除；D選項(xiàng)“很少的科學(xué)家參與天文學(xué)的研究”，原文并未提及“參與天文學(xué)研究的科學(xué)家”少，雖然提到了關(guān)于宇宙的記錄很少，但是并未提到記錄少的原因，D選項(xiàng)屬于主觀臆測(cè)，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

9.單選題

（

）nolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinuedefinitelyonceitstarted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewere

B.Werethere

C.Therewas

D.Ifthereis

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果沒有由于摩擦而使能量喪失，運(yùn)動(dòng)將無限期地繼續(xù)下去。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)此處屬于與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件句,故用虛擬語氣:條件從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為were或動(dòng)詞過去式，主句部分為would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形，故B正確。

10.單選題

Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,（

）uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhich

B.forwhom

C.withwhich

D.ofwhom

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這門課程通常每年會(huì)吸引二十名學(xué)生，其中有一半是留學(xué)生。

語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。題干后半部分為定語從句修飾先行詞20students。定語從句中缺少關(guān)系詞。選項(xiàng)D中,of表示“在…中”,后面接關(guān)系代詞which。

11.單選題

Afussypersonusuallyhasonlyafewfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Afilthy

B.Apicky

C.Anobstinate

D.Astubborn

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Afilthy一個(gè)下流的（人）B.Apicky一個(gè)挑剔的（人）

C.Anobstinate一個(gè)執(zhí)拗的（人）D.Astubborn一個(gè)固執(zhí)的（人）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞形容人，后文提到“通常只有幾個(gè)朋友”，指這種人不怎么受歡迎，原詞fussy“挑剔的”，因此，B選項(xiàng)Apicky“一個(gè)挑剔的（人）”最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】挑剔的人通常沒什么朋友。

12.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)unbiased“公正的，無偏見的”；B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”；C選項(xiàng)distorted“扭曲的”；D選項(xiàng)conveyed“傳達(dá)”。

句意：當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備你的演講時(shí)，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來源和例子。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“l(fā)ivingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.Wemustalsoenactpositivelegislationthatwillprotectvulnerablepeoplefromthosewhoconsidertheirlivesmeaninglessortoocostlytomaintainandwhowouldcausetheirdeathsbywithholdinglife-sustainingcaresuchasfoodandwater.

1.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

2.Inparagraph3,theauthorfindsstarvationanddehydrationinducedeuthanasiaistobe"moreinsidious"because

（

）.

3.Asusedinparagraph3,whatisthebestsynonymforinsidious?

4.Theauthormaintainsthatdeathbywithholdingcareis

（

）.

5.Asusedinparagraph7,whichisthebestdefinitionofabridged?

6.Themainideaofparagraph7isthat

（

）.

7.Inthefinalparagraphtheauthorwrites,"Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestill

ourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect."Themainpurposeofthisstatementisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleading

B.argumentative

C.compassionate

D.emphatic

E.mpathetic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.euthanasiaislegallyconsideredtobeacriminalact

B.thepublic'sattitudetowardeuthanasiaisbecomingmorepositive

C.itofteninvolvesthosewhocannotprotest

D.thepatienthasaskedtodiewithdignity

E.itsperpetratorsareviewedaskindlycaregivers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mischievous

B.treacherous

C.seductive

D.apparent

E.cumulative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.largelyconfinedtohospitals

B.largelyconfinedtotheterminallyill

C.oftenrequestedbyfamilymembers

D.approvedbylivingwills

E.difficulttoproveifprosecuted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trimmed

B.curtailed

C.lengthened

D.extended

E.compressed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.lawyerswillbeunabletoprosecuteordefendcaregivers

B.nocomprehensiverightorwrongdefinitionofeuthanasiawillexist

C.usingasubjectivestandardwillmake