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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海海關(guān)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-esteem

B.self-deceiving

C.selfishness

D.self-improvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。self-esteem“自尊;自負(fù);自大”;self-deceiving“自欺的”;selfishness“自私自利”;self-improvement“自我改善;自我修養(yǎng)”。句意:科學(xué)誠(chéng)信有關(guān)尊嚴(yán),更是與自身利益有關(guān)的事情。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor(

)interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneous

B.provocative

C.verbal

D.dual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的;即時(shí)的”;B選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的;氣人的”;C選項(xiàng)verbal“口頭的;言語(yǔ)的”;D選項(xiàng)dual“雙的;雙重的”。句意:把英語(yǔ)作為一門外語(yǔ)來學(xué)習(xí)的大問題在于缺少與精通英語(yǔ)的人進(jìn)行……交流的機(jī)會(huì)。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知,大問題是缺少與speakerofEnglish進(jìn)行“口頭交流”的機(jī)會(huì)。C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

Peoplearemostlikelytosaytheyhavebeendreamingiftheyareawakenedduringaperiodofso-calledrapideyemovement,atthistimedistinctivechangesinbrainactivityareobservable.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dthis改為which

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】從句。

【解題思路】D部分引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)rapideyemovement進(jìn)行修飾,D部分在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),this不能引導(dǎo)從句,which代表物,可以在這里引導(dǎo)從句。

【句意】如果人們?cè)谒^的眼球快速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期醒來,可以觀察到大腦活動(dòng)的顯著變化,那么他們最有可能說自己一直在做夢(mèng)。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Unfortunately,aftercompletingthesecondvolume,Manchester'shealthdeclinedandtherestoftheprojectstalled.Sogreatwaspublicinterestinthelong-delayedfinalvolumethatitwasthesubjectofafrontpagestoryinTheNewYorkTimes.

Eventually,in2003,ManchesteraskedhisfriendPaulReidtocompletethetrilogy.Now,nearlyadecadelater,ReidhaspublishedTheLastLion,thefinalpieceofthismonumentalundertaking.ReidstartswhenChurchillwasappointedprimeministerinMay1940andfollowshimthroughhisdeathin1965.WhilemostofthisvolumeisappropriatelydevotedtoWorldWarII,italsoincludesthevastexpansionoftheBritishwelfarestatefollowingthewar,thestartoftheColdWarandtheenormousdangersitcarried,andthelossoftheBritishEmpire.

Reidhaswrittenathoroughandcompleteanalysisoftheseyears,anditisaworthyfinaletothefirsttwovolumes.Exhaustivelyresearchedandcarefullywritten,itdrawsonafullrangeofprimaryandsecondarymaterials.Thisbookwillbeessentialreadingforthosewhoenjoyedthefirsttwovolumesandthosewithadeepinterestinunderstandingthisseminalfigureandhisplaceinhistory.

ReiddoesawonderfuljobofcapturingChurchillinallhiscomplexity.HegivesChurchillgreatpraiseforhispersonalcourageandinspirationalleadershipduringthedarkdayswhenBritainstoodalone,butheisequallyclearaboutChurchill'spoorstrategicjudgments,suchastheeffortstodefendGreeceandCrete,theAlliedassaultonAnzio,andthedecisiontosendthebattleshipPrinceofWalesandWinstonChurchillwasoneofthecentralstatesmenofthe20thcenturyand,almost50yearsafterhisdeath,remainsasubjectofenduringfascination.Partofthecurrentinterestinthisvenerablefigurecanbeattributedtotwosuperbbiographieswritteninthe1980sbyhistorianWilliamManchester:TheLastLion:VisionsofGloryandTheLastLion:Alone.Thesetwobooksexaminedthefirsttwo-thirdsofChurchill'slife.

battlecruiserRepulsetotheSouthChinaSeawithoutadequateaircoverwheretheywerepromptlysunkbytheJapanese.

HehighlightsChurchill'snaiveteindealingwithSovietPremierStalinintheearlyyearsofthewar,butpraiseshisprescienceinanticipatingStalin'slandgrabinEasternEuropeattheendoftheconflict.Reidalsogiveswelcomeattentiontoaspectsofthewar—suchasChurchill'sfearthattheUnitedStatesmightdecidetoputitsprimaryemphasisondefeatingJapanregardlessofthe“Germanyfirst”understandinghesharedwithRooseveltthathavereceivedlittleattentioninotherbooks.

1.WhatcanbeknownaboutthetwobiographiesofChurchill?

2.WhydidthebiographyoncebecomeafrontpagestoryintheNewYorkTimes?

3.Whydoesthethirdvolumeprovetobeworthy?

4.WhatcanweknowaboutChurchillthroughthethirdvolume?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerewritteninaninterestingstyle.

B.TheywerewrittenpriortoChurchill'sdeath.

C.Theyaremainlywrittenfromahistoricalpointofview.

D.Theyhavehelpedintriguethereadersoveralongperiod.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewerelookingforwardtothepublicationofthefinalvolume.

B.Readerswereangrywiththeauthorforthedelayofthefinalvolume.

C.Thepublicationofthefinalvolumewasthenaheatedlydiscussedissue.

D.Readerswantedtoknowwhowouldbethenewauthorofthefinalvolume.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswidelyreadandwelcomedbyreaders.

B.ItinvolvesenoughdetailsinChurchill'slife.

C.Itisbasedonthoroughandreliableresearch.

D.ItoffersauniqueunderstandingofChurchill.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heisamanwithcomplexity.

B.HepulledBritainthroughWWII.

C.Hemademanystrategicmistakes.

D.Heiscourageousandinspirational

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhatcanbeknownaboutthetwobiographiesofChurchill?1.關(guān)于這兩本丘吉爾傳記,我們知道些什么?

A.Theywerewritteninaninterestingstyle.A.它們是用一種有趣的風(fēng)格寫的。

B.TheywerewrittenpriortoChurchill’sdeath.B.這些都是丘吉爾死前寫的。

C.Theyaremainlywrittenfromahistoricalpointofview.C.它們主要是從歷史的角度寫的。

D.Theyhavehelpedintriguethereadersoveralongperiod.D.在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里,它們激起了讀者的興趣。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容:不幸的是,在完成第二卷后,曼徹斯特的健康狀況下降了,第三卷也停滯了。公眾對(duì)拖延已久的最后一卷非常感興趣,以至于它成了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版報(bào)道的主題。從中可知,在完成第二卷后,因?yàn)槁鼜厮固氐慕】禒顩r所以第三部遲遲沒有動(dòng)靜,公眾對(duì)這最后一卷很感興趣,以至于它成為了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版報(bào)道主題;綜合理解可知,這說明前兩部傳記在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里都激起了讀者的興趣。D選項(xiàng)符合題干。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們是用一種有趣的風(fēng)格寫的”和C選項(xiàng)“它們主要是從歷史的角度寫的”在文中沒有提及,無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“這些都是丘吉爾死前寫的”根據(jù)第一段可知,丘吉爾的兩部傳記寫于20世紀(jì)80年代,而在第三段提到丘吉爾是1965年去世的,所以丘吉爾傳記是在他死后寫的,該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.WhydidthebiographyoncebecomeafrontpagestoryintheNewYorkTimes?2.為什么這本傳記曾經(jīng)成為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的頭版新聞?

A.Peoplewerelookingforwardtothepublicationofthefinalvolume.A.人們期待著最后一卷的出版。

B.Readerswereangrywiththeauthorforthedelayofthefinalvolume.B.讀者對(duì)作者推遲出版最后一卷感到憤怒。

C.Thepublicationofthefinalvolumewasthenaheatedlydiscussedissue.C.最后一卷的出版是當(dāng)時(shí)熱烈討論的問題。

D.Readerswantedtoknowwhowouldbethenewauthorofthefinalvolume.D.讀者們想知道誰將成為最后一卷的新作者。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“公眾對(duì)拖延已久的最后一卷非常感興趣,以至于它成了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版報(bào)道的主題”,理解可知,這本傳記曾經(jīng)成為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的頭版新聞的原因是,人們對(duì)最后一卷興趣濃厚,故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“讀者對(duì)作者推遲出版最后一卷感到憤怒”與原文相反,反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“最后一卷的出版是當(dāng)時(shí)熱烈討論的問題”和D選項(xiàng)“讀者們想知道誰將成為最后一卷的新作者”沒有提及,無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whydoesthethirdvolumeprovetobeworthy?3.為什么第三卷是有價(jià)值的?

A.Itiswidelyreadandwelcomedbyreaders.A.它被讀者廣泛閱讀和歡迎。

B.ItinvolvesenoughdetailsinChurchill’slife.B.它包含了丘吉爾生活的足夠多的細(xì)節(jié)。

C.Itisbasedonthoroughandreliableresearch.C.它是建立在深入可靠的研究基礎(chǔ)上的。

D.ItoffersauniqueunderstandingofChurchill.D.它提供了對(duì)丘吉爾的獨(dú)特理解。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段前兩句“里德對(duì)這幾年寫了一篇透徹而完整的分析,這是前兩卷的一個(gè)有價(jià)值的結(jié)尾。經(jīng)過詳盡的研究和仔細(xì)的編寫,它借鑒了全面的一手和二手資料?!保斫饪芍?,因?yàn)榈谌硎橇⒆阌谌婵尚械恼{(diào)查研究之上,所以它是有價(jià)值的。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它被讀者廣泛閱讀和歡迎”和D選項(xiàng)“它提供了對(duì)丘吉爾的獨(dú)特理解”沒有提到,無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“它包含了丘吉爾生活的足夠多的細(xì)節(jié)”與原文不符,第三卷的大量篇幅都是用來描述第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以及戰(zhàn)后面臨的危險(xiǎn),并沒有描述丘吉爾的生活,曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatcanweknowaboutChurchillthroughthethirdvolume?4.通過第三卷,我們能了解丘吉爾什么?

A.Heisamanwithcomplexity.A.他是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的人。

B.HepulledBritainthroughWWII.B.他帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)度過了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。

C.Hemademanystrategicmistake.C.他犯了許多戰(zhàn)略錯(cuò)誤。

D.Heiscourageousandinspirational.D.他是勇敢的和鼓舞人心的。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“里德出色地描述了丘吉爾的復(fù)雜性”,以及后面對(duì)丘吉爾復(fù)雜性的說明,可推斷,通過第三卷我們可以了解到丘吉爾的復(fù)雜性。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)度過了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”、C選項(xiàng)“他犯了許多戰(zhàn)略錯(cuò)誤”和D選項(xiàng)“他是勇敢的和鼓舞人心的”都是包括在A選項(xiàng)內(nèi)的,以偏概全。

5.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea,whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto().

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener().

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree().

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段:pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize(修枝是為了確保樹木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長(zhǎng))。因此,B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段:Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…(剪去堵塞中心的樹枝可以促進(jìn)樹木的健康)。因此推測(cè),樹木中心的樹枝太多不利于樹木的生長(zhǎng),A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段:Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知,在樹木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹木切口進(jìn)入,B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.第一段指出:moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway(不必要的剪枝會(huì)給樹木帶來更多的傷害)。由此推測(cè),好的園丁只是在必要的時(shí)候才修剪樹木,C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此,作者的目的是在修剪樹木方面給予實(shí)踐指導(dǎo),A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.單選題

Asisknowntoall,avaguelawisalways()todifferentinterpretations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invulnerable

B.immune

C.resistant

D.susceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。invulnerable“不會(huì)受傷害的,無懈可擊的”;immune“免疫的”;resistant“抵抗的,有抵抗力的”;susceptible“容許……的;易受影響的”。句意:眾所周知,一條含糊不清的法規(guī)總允許有不同的解釋。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.slight輕微的,少量的B.periodic間發(fā)性的,周期性的

C.enduring持久的,能忍受的D.temporary暫時(shí)的,臨時(shí)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句句意“太陽(yáng)偶爾會(huì)沖破云層”,可以推測(cè)劃線單詞intermittent應(yīng)該表示“間歇性的,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”;B選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞最為接近,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因?yàn)殛囉晔菙鄶嗬m(xù)續(xù)的,所以太陽(yáng)偶爾會(huì)沖破云層。

8.單選題

Ifacountrywantstodevelopitseconomysuccessfully,therehastobeaclear_______ofitssocialneeds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessment

B.assumption

C.assurance

D.appreciation

【答案】A

【解析】assessment評(píng)定,估價(jià);assumption設(shè)想,假定;assurance確信,保證;appreciation欣賞,鑒別,感激。句意:一個(gè)國(guó)家要想成功地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),就必須對(duì)其社會(huì)需求進(jìn)行明確的評(píng)估。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

IfHillaryClintonmadeherwidelyanticipatedbidforthepresidency,wouldheragebecomealegitimateissue?

SkepticshavealreadytakentotheInternettoraisetheirconcerns.IfClintonwonelectionin2016,atage69,shewouldbejustmonthsyoungerthanouroldestpresident.RonaldReagan,whenhewaselectedin1980.Onlyoneothercandidatein225years(WilliamHenryHarrison)movedintotheWhiteHousepastage65,andhishealthprovedsofragilethathecontractedpneumonia(肺炎)oninaugurationdayin1841anddiedamonthlater.Infact,abouthalfofthe43menwhohaveheldthenation’stopofficewitheredanddiedwellbeforeevenreachingHillary's2016ElectionDayage.

Thelasthalf-centuryofpresidentialhistoryservedtoshieldtheAmericanpeoplefromsuchbrutaltruthsaboutpresidentialmortality.TheassassinationofJohnF.Kennedyin1963,adefiningeventsforClintonandherfellowBabyBoomers,markedthelasttimeachiefexecutivediedinoffice.ButbeforethatbloodydayinDallas,duringasadspanof122years,sittingpresidentsperishedwithrevoltingregularity.

Harrisondiedfourweeksintohistermin1841,andZacharyTaylorsuccumbedtomysteriousdigestiveailmentsnineyearslater.AssassinskilledAbrahamLincolnin1865,JamesGarfieldin1881andWilliamMcKinleyin1901.CirculatoryproblemsclaimedWarrenHardingin1923,andacerebralhemorrhage(腦出血)dispatchedFranklinRooseveltin1945.AllthesedisastersstruckpresidentsyoungerthanHillarywouldbeonherfirstdayinoffice.ButabalancedresponsetoconcernsoverClinton’sagerevealsrecent,relevantchangesinpresidentiallifespansthatshouldreassuretheformerfirstladyandhersupporters.

NopresidentsinceLyndonJohnsonhasdiedbeforeage81,andfourofthesixlongest-livedpresidents(GeraldFord,RonaldReagan,GeorgeH.W.BushandJimmyCarter)haveheldtheofficesince1974.Thisreflectstheincreaseinlifeexpectancyforallofus.In1963,lifeexpectancystoodat69years,butnowwecananticipatesurvivalto79—agiftof10extrayears.

AnotherfactorworkinginHillary’sfavor:Womenlivelongerthanmenbyfiveyears(sorry,Bill).Thismeansthatatypicalwomanbornin1947(aswasHillary)canexpecttoliveanaverageof20moreyearsaftertoday—enoughtocovernotonlythetwotermsaspresidentthatherfansdesire,butanadditionaltenyearsasU.N.secretary-general,chiefjusticeoftheSupremeCourtorpresidentofYale.

NoneofthismeansthatapersonofClinton’sagewon’tfacesignificanthealthrisksundertheunimaginablepressuresofpresidentialservice.Likeanyothercandidate,shemustreleaserecordsdetailingeveryaspectofherpersonalmedicalhistory.Whenherhusband,Bill,firstranforpresidentatage46,hecouldgetawaywithprovidingonlyselectiveaccesstohismedicalrecords.Hillary,atage69,shouldsetadifferentstandard.

6.InAmericanhistory,wereelectedaspresidentsafter65_____.

7.WhatcanwelearnaboutHillaryClinton?

8.AllofthefollowingarefavorablefactorsforHillaryClinton,expect_____

9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

10.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.HillaryClintonandBillClinton

B.WilliamHenryHarrisonandRonaldReagan

C.JohnF.KennedyandJamesGarfield

D.WarrenHardingandLyndonJohnson

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.HillaryClintonisjustmonthsyoungerthanRonaldReagan.

B.Asababyboomer,HillaryClintonwasbornin1947.

C.HillaryClintonwasscaredbytheassassinationofJohnF.Kennedy.

D.HillaryClintonfirstranforpresidentwhenshewas46yearsold.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThefactthatJohnF.Kennedywasthelastpresidentdiedinoffice.

B.Theextendedlifeexpectancyforpeoplenowadays.

C.Thefactthatwomengenerallylivealongerlifethanmen.

D.WilliamHenryHarrison’sdeathduringhistimeinoffice.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.HillaryClintonwillsufferfromsignificanthealthproblemunderthetremendousstress.

B.IfHillaryClintonwantstowinothercandidates,shemusthideherpersonalmedicalhistory.

C.NopresidentialcandidateinAmericanhistoryhadescapedfromprovidingdetailedmedicalrecords.

D.HillaryClinton’shusband,Bill,mayhadrunforpresidentmorethanonce.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.CommentonwhetherHillaryClintonistoooldfor2016’spresidentialelection,

B.Thepresidentswhodiedfromtheseverepressuresofpresidentialservice.

C.AnewregulationonlegalageofthepresidentialelectioninAmerica.

D.AnintroductionofAmericanpresidentswhohaddonesomethinggreatintheirterm.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】6.推理判斷題,定位到第二段第二三四句話IfClintonwonelectionin2016,atage69,shewouldbejustmonthsyoungerthanouroldestpresident.RonaldReagan,whenhewaselectedin1980.Onlyoneothercandidatein225years(WilliamHenryHarrison)movedintotheWhiteHousepastage65,“如果希拉里以69歲的高齡贏得2016年大選,她就只比我們最年長(zhǎng)的總統(tǒng)小幾個(gè)月。羅納德?里根,他在1980年當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。225年來,只有一位候選人(威廉?亨利?哈里森)在65歲之后搬進(jìn)了白宮”,從這里可知只有兩位總統(tǒng)就職美國(guó)總統(tǒng)時(shí)超過65歲——RonaldReagan和WilliamHenryHarrison,所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“威廉?亨利?哈里森和羅納德?里根”;

A選項(xiàng)“希拉里?克林頓和比爾?克林頓”,因?yàn)橄@镌谧髡邔懳恼碌臅r(shí)候還沒當(dāng)總統(tǒng),作者只是作假設(shè),所以A不選,這里屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“約翰?肯尼迪和詹姆斯?加菲爾德”,文章沒有提及這兩個(gè)人什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)目偨y(tǒng),所以不選,這里屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“沃倫?哈丁和林登?約翰遜”文章沒有提及這兩個(gè)人什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)目偨y(tǒng),所以不選,這里屬于無中生有。

7.推理判斷題,定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句話TheassassinationofJohnF.Kennedyin1963,adefiningeventsforClintonandherfellowBabyBoomers,markedthelasttimeachiefexecutivediedinoffice,“1963年約翰?f?肯尼迪(JohnF.Kennedy)遇刺,是克林頓和她的“嬰兒潮一代”(BabyBoomers)同胞們的標(biāo)志性事件,也是最后一位在任的首席執(zhí)行官去世”,從這里可知希拉里確實(shí)是嬰兒潮時(shí)期出生的,而且根據(jù)她2016年69歲來算她是1947年出生的也可以印證,所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“作為嬰兒潮一代,希拉里出生于1947年。”,

A選項(xiàng)“希拉里?克林頓只比羅納德?里根小幾個(gè)月”,定位到第二段第二三句話IfClintonwonelectionin2016,atage69,shewouldbejustmonthsyoungerthanouroldestpresident.RonaldReagan,whenhewaselectedin1980“如果希拉里以69歲的高齡贏得2016年大選,她就只比我們最年長(zhǎng)的總統(tǒng)小幾個(gè)月。羅納德?里根,他在1980年當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)”從這里可知不是希拉里比里根小幾個(gè)月而是如果希拉里上臺(tái)執(zhí)政的年齡只會(huì)比年紀(jì)最大的執(zhí)政總統(tǒng)——里根上臺(tái)時(shí)小幾個(gè)月,所以不選,這里屬于曲意理解;

C選項(xiàng)“希拉里?克林頓對(duì)約翰?f?肯尼迪遇刺感到害怕”,文章沒有提到希拉里被克林頓刺殺時(shí)被嚇到,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“希拉里?克林頓第一次競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)是在她46歲的時(shí)候”,定位到第七段倒數(shù)第二句話Whenherhusband,Bill,firstranforpresidentatage46,hecouldgetawaywithprovidingonlyselectiveaccesstohismedicalrecords.“當(dāng)她的丈夫比爾(Bill)在46歲時(shí)首次競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)時(shí),他可以不受限制地提供自己的醫(yī)療記錄”,從這里可知,是她的丈夫在47歲的時(shí)候第一次競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)而不是希拉里自己,D選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

8.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,定位到第二段第四句話Onlyoneothercandidatein225years(WilliamHenryHarrison)movedintotheWhiteHousepastage65,andhishealthprovedsofragilethathecontractedpneumoniaoninaugurationdayin1841anddiedamonthlater.“225年以來,只有一位65歲以上的候選人(威廉?亨利?哈里森)入主白宮。事實(shí)證明,他的健康狀況非常脆弱,在1841年的總統(tǒng)就職日染上肺炎,一個(gè)月后就去世了。”這里只是描述了一個(gè)事實(shí)沒有說這是否對(duì)希拉里的選票有什么影響,這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“威廉?亨利?哈里森在任期間去世”;

A選項(xiàng)“約翰?f?肯尼迪是最后一位在任期內(nèi)去世的總統(tǒng)”,定位到第四段倒數(shù)第一二句話AllthesedisastersstruckpresidentsyoungerthanHillarywouldbeonherfirstdayinoffice.ButabalancedresponsetoconcernsoverClinton’sagerevealsrecent,relevantchangesinpresidentiallifespansthatshouldreassuretheformerfirstladyandhersupporters.“所有這些災(zāi)難都發(fā)生在比希拉里上任第一天還年輕的總統(tǒng)身上。不過,針對(duì)對(duì)克林頓年齡的擔(dān)憂,人們做出了平衡的回應(yīng),反映出總統(tǒng)任期最近發(fā)生的相關(guān)變化,應(yīng)該會(huì)讓這位前第一夫人和她的支持者感到放心。”,從這里可以看出克林頓總統(tǒng)之前很多任總統(tǒng)都死在自己的任期之內(nèi)而且比希拉里還年輕,但是克林頓總統(tǒng)之后沒有總統(tǒng)死于自己的任期了,很多人對(duì)于總統(tǒng)的年齡問題就不那么擔(dān)心了,這就導(dǎo)致希拉里不需要擔(dān)心選民會(huì)在乎自己的年齡,這對(duì)于希拉里來說是個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì),所以A選項(xiàng)正確;

B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們的預(yù)期壽命延長(zhǎng)了”,定位到第五段最后一句和第六段第一句In1963,lifeexpectancystoodat69years,butnowwecananticipatesurvivalto79—agiftof10extrayears.AnotherfactorworkinginHillary’sfavor:Womenlivelongerthanmenbyfiveyears“1963年,人們的平均壽命是69歲,但現(xiàn)在我們可以預(yù)期活到79歲——多活了10年。另一個(gè)對(duì)希拉里有利的因素是:女性比男性壽命長(zhǎng)5年”這兩句是連在一起的,第六段第一句說希拉里的另一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是女性比男性活的久,那么前面一段最后一句說的是希拉里的第一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)—人均壽命變長(zhǎng)了,所以B選項(xiàng)正確;

C選項(xiàng)“女性通常比男性壽命長(zhǎng)”,見B選項(xiàng)解析,這里正確。

9.推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第一二句話Whenherhusband,Bill,firstranforpresidentatage46,hecouldgetawaywithprovidingonlyselectiveaccesstohismedicalrecords.Hillary,atage69,shouldsetadifferentstandard.“當(dāng)她的丈夫比爾(Bill)在46歲時(shí)首次競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)時(shí),他可以不受限制地提供自己的醫(yī)療記錄。69歲的希拉里應(yīng)該樹立一個(gè)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。”從這里的關(guān)鍵詞firstranfor“首次競(jìng)選”可知,后面還會(huì)有克林頓還會(huì)有第二次競(jìng)選,所以答案選D“希拉里?克林頓的丈夫比爾?克林頓可能不止一次競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)”;

A選項(xiàng)“希拉里?克林頓將在巨大的壓力下遭受嚴(yán)重的健康問題”,定位到最后一段第一句話NoneofthismeansthatapersonofClinton’sagewon’tfacesignificanthealthrisksundertheunimaginablepressuresofpresidentialservice.“這并不意味著像克林頓這樣年齡的人在難以想象的總統(tǒng)工作壓力下不會(huì)面臨重大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,從這里作者是表明在承受巨大壓力之后希拉里并不能保證自己一直會(huì)保持健康,但是也沒有說希拉里一定會(huì)生病,所以A選項(xiàng)不選,這里屬于曲意理解;

B選項(xiàng)“如果希拉里?克林頓想贏得其他候選人,她必須隱藏自己的個(gè)人病史”,定位到最后一段最后一句Hillary,atage69,shouldsetadifferentstandard.“69歲的希拉里應(yīng)該樹立一個(gè)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,從這里可知文章只是說希拉里以如此高齡去當(dāng)總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該設(shè)立一套不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并沒有說她要隱藏自己的健康史才能當(dāng)選總統(tǒng),這里屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)歷史上沒有一個(gè)總統(tǒng)候選人逃避提供詳細(xì)的醫(yī)療記錄”,定位到最后一段第二句話Likeanyothercandidate,shemustreleaserecordsdetailingeveryaspectofherpersonalmedicalhistory.“和其他候選人一樣,她必須公布詳細(xì)記錄她個(gè)人病史的各個(gè)方面的記錄”,從這里可知每個(gè)總統(tǒng)候選人都得提交健康證明,但是沒有說是否有人成功逃避上交健康證明,這里屬于無中生有,所以不選。

10.主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章行文是總分總的結(jié)構(gòu),一二段引出主語(yǔ),先提出年齡是否會(huì)成為希拉里競(jìng)選的一個(gè)障礙,接下來三段提出因?yàn)榭夏岬现蟠虤⒒顒?dòng)銷聲匿跡,總統(tǒng)的壽命變長(zhǎng),所以選民不再糾結(jié)希拉里的年齡問題,年齡也不再成為希拉里競(jìng)選的阻礙,最后提出新問題,即年齡雖然不會(huì)成為障礙但是民眾還是要考慮希拉里的健康問題并給出了自己的建議,由此答案選A“評(píng)論希拉里?克林頓在2016年競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)是否太老了”;

B選項(xiàng)“死于工作壓力的總統(tǒng)”,文章最后一段只是提及并沒有具體展開講,屬于以偏概全,所以不選;

C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉年齡的新規(guī)定”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“介紹在任期內(nèi)做過大事的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)”,文章完全沒有提及總統(tǒng)在任期內(nèi)做過的事,屬于無中生有,所以不選。

10.單選題

SapphiraandtheSlaveGirlwasthelastnovelofWillaCather’sdistinguishedliterarycareer.Beguninthelastsummerof1937andfinallycompletedin1941,itisoftenregardedbycriticsasoneofhermostpersonalworks.Althoughthestorytakesplacein1856,wellbeforeherownbirth,shedrewheavilyonbothvividchildhoodmemoriesandtaleshandeddownbyolderrelativestodescribelifeinruralnorthernVirginiainthemiddleofthe19thcentury.Sheevenwentonanextendedjourneytotheareatogivethestoryafurtherringofauthenticity.

OfallofCather’smanynovels,SapphiraandtheSlaveGirlistheonemostconcernedwithprovidinganoverallpictureofdaytodaylifeinaspecificera.Anumberofthenovel’scharacters,itwouldseem,areincludedinthestoryonlybecausetheyarerepresentativeofthetypeofpeopletobefoundin19th-centuryruralVirginia;indeed,afewofthemplaynopartwhatsoeverinunfoldingoftheplot.Forinstance,weareintroducedtoapoorwhitewomen,MandyRinger,whoisportrayedasintelligentandcontent,despitethefactthatshehasnoformaleducationandmusttoilconstantlyinthefields.AndwemeetDr.Clevenger,acountrydoctorwho,withhisrefinedmanners,evokesastrongimageofthepre-CivilWarSouth.

Thetitle,however,accuratelysuggeststhatthenovelismainlyaboutslavery.Cather’sattitudetowardthisinstitutionmaybestbesummedupassomewhatambiguous.Ontheonehand,shedisplaysalmosttotalindifferencetothelegalandpoliticalaspectsofslaverywhenshemisidentifiescertaincrucialdatesinitsgrowthanddevelopment.Nordoessheeverreallyofferadirectcondemnationofslavery.Yetontheotherhand,theevilofslaverygetsthroughtous.

Althoughintypicallysubtleways,thosecharacters,likeMrs.Blake,whoopposeinstitutionareportrayedinasympatheticlight.Furthermore,thesufferingoftheslavesthemselvesandthepetty,nasty,oftencruelbehavioroftheslaveownersarepaintedinharshterms.

AlthoughSapphiraandtheSlaveGirlwascertainlynotmeanttobeapoliticaltract,thenovelissometimesconsideredtobeadenunciationofbygonedays.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Inspiteofherwillingnesstoacknowledgethatparticularaspectsofthepastwerefarfromideal,WillaCatherwas,ifanything,abitofaromantic.Especiallyinthefinalyearsofherlife,anincreasingnoteofangerabouttheemptinessofthepresentcreptintoherwriting.Earliergenerations,sheconcluded,hadbeentherealheroes,therealcreatorofallthatwasgoodinAmerica

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