延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞 講解與練習

延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞講解與練習延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞講解與練習延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞講解與練習xxx公司延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞講解與練習文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度短暫性動詞，延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時姓名：_________短暫性動詞（終止性動詞），是指動作一旦發(fā)生就很快就結(jié)束。它不能和一段時間連用。這類動詞有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暫性動詞的肯定式不能與表示一段時間的for或since或howlong等狀語連用。但是，在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。延續(xù)性動詞是指動作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時間或者相當長的一段時間。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，延續(xù)性動詞可以和表示一段的時間狀語連用。值得注意的是，表示一段時間的狀語除了“for+一段時間”外，還有since+n./從句（時間點），since+時間段+ago，疑問詞howlong，inthepast+時間段，allthese+時間段，from…to（時間點）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.（×）（die“死”短暫性動詞，不能與for+一段時間連用）Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.（√）（die→bedead，die是短暫性動詞，表示死的動作，這個動作很快就結(jié)束了，變成了表示狀態(tài)的bedead，dead是die的形容詞，表示死了的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）2.我買了這塊手表五年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.（×）（buy“買”短暫性動詞，不能與for+一段時間連用）Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.（√）（buy→have，buy這個動作在付完錢已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，買完后是擁有have的狀態(tài)，have可以延續(xù)）3.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。Ihavelefthometownfor10years.（×）（leave“離開”短暫性動詞，不能與for+一段時間連用）Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.（√）（leave—beaway，leave這個動作在走了的時候已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，走了以后，是我不在這里的狀態(tài)，beaway表示不在，離開的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個小時。如果短暫性動詞與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，必須將短暫性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buy/get→have,borrow→keep，havedie→bedeadfinish→beover,Close→beclosedleave→beaway（from）open→beopenmarry→bemarriedfallasleep→beasleepfall(get)ill→beillgoout→beoutgetup→beupputon→wear/beonMoveto→liveincome/go/become→begotoschool→beinschool/beastudentbegin/start→beonbegintostudy→studyGettoknow→knowwake/wakeup→beawakeLose/die/sell/leave→begonecatch/getacold→haveacoldjoin/takepartin→bein/beamemberofcome/arrive/reach/getto→beinreturnto/comebackto/gobackto→beback(to)come(arrive,reach,get)here/go(arrive,reach,get)there→behere(there)練習：一、找出下列句子中的短暫性動詞和對應(yīng)句子中的延續(xù)性動詞。例：Hedied10yearsago./Hehasbeendeadfor10years.die→bedead1.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago./Hehaskeptthebookfor2→______boughtthebikeamonthago./Hehashadthebikeforamonth._______→______arrivedherelastyear./Hehasbeenheresincelastyear.________→_______4.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago./Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.______→_______5.Helefthere2yearsago./Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years._______→_______6.Thefilmbegan30minutesago./Thefilmhasbeenonfor30→______openedthedooranhourago./Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour._______→______Theyclosedthedooranhourago./Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.______→______二、選擇題。()grandfather______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied()'ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.For()father__thePartysince1978.B.hasjoinedin.beenin()4.—Doyouknowhimwell—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade()up!Theplay____fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began()_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.Was()uncle____formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.hasleftthecity()8.—HowlonghasRobert_____—Since2004.A.beeninBeijingB.becomeapolicemanC.joinedtheartclubD.studiedinthisschool()father____thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin()longhaveyou____thelibrarybook-Forabouttwoweeks.A.borrowB.borrowedC.areborrowingD.kept()longhashe_______thiscar-Fortwoyears.A.buyB.boughtC.hadD.buys()hearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes. A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway()13Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988. A.hasbeenopen B.hasopened C.wasopen D.opened()14.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000. A.havemade B.havebeen C.made D.havebecome()15..Youmustn't________untilhecomesback. A.beaway B.leave C.beleft D.haveleft()meeting_______foraweeknow. A.hasfinished B.hasended C.hasbeenover D.ended().MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years. A.hasbeenin B.hascometo C.hastaught D.taught()______ateacherfor4years. A.hasbeen B.hasbecome C.was D.became()_____homeforaweek. A.havereturned B.havebeenbackC.returned D.amreturned()20.Howlong__he__A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead D.did,died()21.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon. A.slept B.wassleeping C.hassleep D.hadslept()long_____you_____ill-Twoweeks. A.didfall B.have,fell C.have,beenD.have,had()2000,he_____hishometown. A.hasleft B.hasmovedaway C.hasbeenawayfrom D.Left()'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrow B.keep C.take D.took()bus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar. A.hasstoppedB.stopped C.hasbeen D.is()you_____thejacketthesedays A.wearing B.puttingon C.dressing D.on()___for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenupD.isup()28.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays. A.is B.catches C.hascaughtD.hashad()hearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway()30.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept()31.Howlonghaveyou______hereA.come B.gotC.arrivedD.been()32.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsIwas2. D.myagewas6.二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：寫出下列句子的同義句。例如.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.→Mr.LihastaughtEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.2.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.→Thefactory______________fortenyears.3.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.→John_______________________Beijing_____threeyears.4.Hiscompanyopenedin2003.→Hiscompany_______________since2003.5.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.→Myfather__________thecar_____halfayear.6.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.→We____