初三英語語法復習-被動語態(tài)+動詞不定式+動名詞課件

8動詞（Verb）13動詞的被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）3TheActiveVoice:（主動語態(tài)）ThePassiveVoice:（被動語態(tài)）主語是動作的執(zhí)行者.sb.doessth.某人做某事主語是動作的承受者．Sth.bedonebysb.某事被某人做／某事被做（被某人）主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別１．先找出謂語動詞，將其之后的賓語主語２．將其主語by+賓格３．根據(jù)時態(tài)，動詞變化do/doesam/is/are+PP主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)的三個步驟1.一般現(xiàn)在時：

2.一般過去時：3.一般將來時：do/doesam/is/are+PP.didwas/were+PP.will

dowill

be+PP.三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動詞＋do(can/may/must/should/ought

to)情態(tài)動詞+be+PP.4.現(xiàn)在完成時：has/havedonehas/have+been+PP.Arecorder

isoftenusedbyMrs.Lee.Mrs.Leeoftenusesarecorder.often,useLookandsayuseTip:一般現(xiàn)在時

S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞fortakingphotos.

Peopleusecamerasfortakingphotos.People(bypeople)camerasCamerasareusedusephotosLookandsayrobyesterdaySomeonerobbedthebankyesterday.Thebank

wasrobbed

yesterday.LookandsayAjewelleryshop_________(rob)yesterdayevening.Alotofvaluableringsandnecklaces__________(steal).Butwhatthethiefdid_________(see)byaboywholivedNeartheshop.Sothethief__________(catch)thismorningandthepilferage(贓物)__________(find)athishome.CasefocusSimplepasttensewasrobbedwerestolenwasseenwascaughtwasfoundReadandsayTheengineerswillbuildahighrisesoon.Tip:一般將來時

S+will/begoingto+be+過去分詞bytheengineerssoon.AhighrisewillbebuiltLookandsaysoonSimplefuturetenseRewritethesentencesintopassivevoice1.ThestudentswillchoosetheprojectnextJuly.Theproject_____________________nextJuly.2.Heisgoingtobooktheticketsforthematchsoon.Theticketsforthematch___goingto__________soon.3.BettywillsingussomeEnglishsongs.SomeEnglishwill__________tousbyBetty.4.Howsoonwilltheyfinishthesehighrises?Howsoonwillthesehighrises______________?willbechosenisbebookedbesungbefinishedThehouseshavebeendestroyed

bytheflood.LookandsayTip:現(xiàn)在完成時

S+has/have+been+過去分詞ChoosethebestanswerAllthepreparationforthetask____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone2.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedChoosethebestanswerDailytalkWemustsendthemtothehospital.They

mustbesentto

thehospitalbyus.mustsendDailytalkWemustplantthetreesontheground.Tip:情態(tài)動詞S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞mustWe(byus)thetreesThetreesmustplantmustbeplantedontheground.1.英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來。英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時,或者只需強調(diào)動作的承受者時:

要用被動語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)

2.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+vt.p.p.人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。巧記為：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。

Conclusion:

Conclusion主動語態(tài)如何改成被動語態(tài)？4.一般現(xiàn)在時——am／is／are+vt.p.p.

一般過去時——was／were+vt.p.p

一般將來時——willbe／begoingtobe+vt.p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時——has／have+been+vt.p.p.情態(tài)動詞——modalv.+be+vt.p.p.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。

2.把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。巧記為：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。

謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。

3.把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞)

注意保持時態(tài)和人稱的一致。Conclusion不用被動語態(tài)的動詞1.不及物動詞（vi.)e.g.happen,appear,disappear2.連系動詞（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…3.當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候Thiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sellsExerciseI.Usethepassivevoicetofillintheblanks1.BothEnglishandFrench_________(speak)inCanada.2.Morethan100trees___________(plant)inourschoollastspring.3.Anotherdormitorybuilding__________(build)nextyear.4.

______baseball_________(play)inyourschool?

5.It_____________(cando)thisway.6.Thissong__________(notlike)bymostofus.7.Platesanddishes_______________(notwash)aftersupperyesterday.8.Wastepaper__________________(shouldthrow)inthelitterbins.9.Tomorrow'smeals_____________(notcook)byFather.10.Yourbicycle_______________(mustnotput)here.arespokenwereplantedwillbebuiltIsplayedcan’tbedoneisnotlikedwerenotwashedshouldn’tbethrownwon’tbecookedmustn’tbeput6.Theywillgivealotofhelptothosehomelesspeopleintheearthquake.Alotofhelpwill_________________tothosehomelesspeopleintheearthquake.7.Howmuchdidthemanagerpaythechildren?Howmuch_________thechildren__________?8.TheystudyJapaneseintheirschool.Japanese________________intheirschool.9.Wecanstorealotofinformationinthecomputer.Alotofinformation______________________storedinthecomputer.10.Wemustkeepthenoiseunder50dbs(分貝)here.Thenoise__________________keptunder50dbshere.begivenwerepaidisstudiedbestoredmustbe8動詞（Verb）14動詞不定式（Infinitive）動詞不定式的定義動詞不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式，與謂語動詞不同的是它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能作謂語。動詞不定式的基本形式

(to)+

動詞原形(有時不帶to，稱作不帶to的不定式)41.用法

動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。Theyoungmanofferedtocarrythesuitcaseforgrandma.She

likes

toplay

soccer.WebegantolearnEnglishin2000.Ifounditimportant

tolearn

Chinese.Readthefollowing

1.不定式放在及物動詞后，用作賓語

(v.+todo)want

todo

hope

todowishtodoneedtodo

learntodo agreetodoplan

tododecidetodo refusetodofailtodomanagetodooffertodopromisetodochoosetodowouldliketodo

liketodobegintodostarttodo forgettodoremembertodo trytodostoptodo goontodoReadandrememberFillintheblankswiththeproperverbsIwant__________acomputer.(buy)Shehopes__________abetterjob.(find)Iwish__________withyou.(go)tobuytofindtogo不定式作賓語時，如帶有賓語補足語，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語，構(gòu)成“主語+動詞+it+賓補（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。動詞常見think,make,find,feel。e.g.Hefounditverydifficult

togotosleep.

他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。ReadandrememberIthinkitisdifficulttoreachhomebeforeeleven.(保持句意不變)Ithink________difficult________reachhomebeforeeleven.Haveatryitto1.他們開始讀和寫。2.李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡踢足球。3.你長大了想做什么？Theybegan

toreadandwrite.---WhatsportsdoesLiLinlike

toplay?---Shelikes

toplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwant

tobewhenyougrowup?Translatethesentences1．有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語，也可跟動名詞作賓語，但含義不同：remember

todo

記住要做某事remember

doing

記得曾經(jīng)做過某事forget

todo忘記要做某事forget

doing

忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事stop

todo

停下來去做某事stop

doing

停止做某事goon

todo

繼續(xù)做另一件事goon

doing

繼續(xù)做原來在做的事ReadandrememberIrememberseeingyousomewherebefore.

Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.Don’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.Iwillneverforgetclimbingthemountainwithyoulastyear.

Trytotranslatethesentences我記得以前在哪兒見過你。離開時請記得關(guān)好燈。你離開房間的時候不要忘了關(guān)燈。我永遠都不會忘記去年曾和你一起登山。

Choosethebestanswer

()1.

---Ididn’tsleepwelllastnightandIfeelquitesleepynow.---Whynotstop______?Thereisnothingurgent.havingarestB.tohavearestC.toworkD.togoonworking()2.Thebabystarted_______.Try________herquiet.cry,keepB.tocry,tokeepC.tocry,keepD.cry,tokeepBBReadthefollowingWeinvitedhertomakeaspeechatthemeeting.Myparentswantmetogetgoodmarks.Ourteachersalwaystellustostudyhard.

2.不定式用作賓語補足語(v.+sb.+todo)asksb.todotellsb.todoteachsb.todoallowsb.todo

wantsb.todo wishsb.todo

getsb.todo ordersb.todo

findsb.tobe likesb.todo

wouldlikesb.todo helpsb.(to)doReadandrememberFillintheblankswiththeproperverbsSheasked

me

________her.(help)Theteachertold

him

________ontime.(come)Edison’smothertaught

him

________

books.(read)tohelptocometoreadLockthedoor.OK.Hetold_____________________.themtolock

thedoorLookandsayWhydon’tyoucomeandstaywithusforafewdays?Yes,I’dloveto.Theyinvited__________________________________________.hertocomeandstaywith

themforafewdaysLookandsaySheasked_______________________.Canyougivemeahand?Yes,ofcourse.himtogiveherahandLookandsay他要求我再大聲點兒。Lucy告訴他飯前要洗手。吉姆告訴李明由衷地祝福每個人。他允許我再做一次。Sheaskedme

tospeak

louder.Lucytoldhim

towash

handsbeforedinner.JimtoldLiMing

togive

hisbestwishestoeverybody.Heallowedme

todo

itagain.Trytotranslatethesentences3）作狀語HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.Iamgladtoseeyou.I’msorrytotroubleyou.(目的)(目的)(目的)(結(jié)果)（原因）（原因）3.不定式用作狀語V.+to/inorderto/soasto+V.ReadthefollowingIwentto______to...Iwenttothelibrary

toborrowsomebooks.thelibraryto…to/inorderto/soasto…Iwenttothelibrary

inordertoborrowsomebooks.Iwenttothelibrary

soastoborrowsomebooks.Guess,whatwillshesay?LookandsayIwentto______to...Iwenttothefield________________.topicksomevegetablestopick…to/inorderto/soasto…Guess,whatwillhesay?LookandsayIwentto___________________.Starbuckstohave…inordertomeet…soasto…to/inorderto/soasto…Guess,whatwillshesay?LookandsayIwentto____________________.TheBundto/inorderto/soasto…Guess,whatwillshesay?LookandsayIwentto____to/inorderto/soasto_________.Guess,whatwillshesay?Lookandsay1、enoughtodosth.=so…that+肯定句

Heiswellenoughtogotoschool.Heissowellthathecangotoschool.2、not…enoughtodosth.=too…to…=so…that+否定句

Theboyisnotoldenoughtoworkinthefields.Theboyistooyoungtoworkinthefields.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tworkinthefields.Readandremember3、inordertodosth.=soastodosth..=inorderthat+從句=sothat+從句

1)Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchtheearlybus.Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.2)Lucyworkshardinorderto/soastogetagoodjobinthefuture.Lucyworkshardinorderthat/sothatshecangetagoodjobinthefuture.

Readandremember1.Thewaterwassodirtythatwecouldn’tdrinkit.（保持原意）Thewaterwas______dirtyforus_______drink.2.Theboywassofrightenedthathecouldn’tsayaword.（保持原意）Theboywas________frightened________sayaword.3.Thegirlissocleverthatshecouldrecitethetextinthreeminutes.（保持原意）

Thegirlisclever_______________recitethetextinthreeminutes.RewritethesentencestoototootoenoughtoGivemesomething

todrink.Ihavetwobooks

toread.Theyhavemuchfood

toeat.Heaskedforaroom

tolivein.Idon’thaveapen

towritewith.Theiceishard

toskateon.Heboughtatoy

toplaywith.若是不及物動詞，介詞不能省略4.不定式用作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系

todo作主語，常放句尾，用it作形式主語

1.Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)+todosth.It’sgoodtoseeyou.It’sdifficultforyoutolearnmathswell.Itiskindofyoutosaythat.2.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

IttookTonyhalfanhourtofinishhishomeworkyesterday.5.不定式用作主語ReadandrememberIt’s+Itishard_____youtodoitwell.=Foryoutodoitwellishard.+(for+sb.)+todosth.It’s+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant

+(

of

+sb.)+todosth.clever,wise,kind,nice,good,foolishright,wrong,bad,careful,carelesssilly

forof

Itiskind______youtohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.Haveatry1.It’sclever______himtosayso.2.Itisimpossible______youtofinishit.3.Itwaswrong______youtotellalie.4.Itwascareless_______youtomakesomanymistakesintheexam.5.Itissilly_______hertodosuchathing.6.Itisimportant______youtolearnEnglishwell.

of

for

of

of

of

forFillintheblankswith“of”or“for”Todanceisalotoffun.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.Itisalotoffuntodance.Itisveryimportanttogrowplants.ItisnoteasyformetospeakEnglish.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.Rewritethesentences

Toseeistobelieve.

(×)Itistobelievetosee.當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用itis…todo

的句型。Payattention4Toseeistobelieve.Hiswishistobeadoctor.6.不定式放在be動詞后面，用作表語ReadthefollowingMydreamistobeadoctor.Hisworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天打掃這間屋子。最上策的計劃就是馬上離開這兒。3我的夢想就是成為一名科學家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.Translatethesentences動詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not.

Myfatherdecided

nottotake

upthejob.Theteachertoldus

nottobe

lateagain.Mymotherletme

notdo

itbymyself.2.否定形式ReadthefollowingCanIuseyourphone?No!Mumasked____________________________.herbabynottouseherphoneLookandsayThelittleboytoldhismum____________.

Becareful.Don’tworry.Iwill.nottoworryLookandsay帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to前加疑問詞。不定式與疑問詞連用,常用動詞有3.與疑問詞連用，作賓語+what/which+to+V.+when/where+to+V.+who(m)/how+to+V.askknowlearnteachtellunderstandMr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.

Hetoldmehowtousethecomputer.ReadthefollowingIdon’tknow

howtodoit.Toodifficult!LookandsayCanyouteachme____________awonderfulmeal?howtomaketomakeLookandsayWhere???Idon’tknow…

tofindmypassport.todonext.toleaveforNewYork.wherewhatwhenIwanttoleaveforNewYork.LookandsayWow!!!Ican’tdecide…LookandsayIdon’tknow…thewashingmachine???Lookandsay但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加to4.不帶to的不定式使役動詞make,let感官動詞see,watch,hear,feel,notice

+sb.dosth.

Ican'tmakethehorsego.

Mymotherwouldn'tletmegotothefilm.Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Sb.+bedone+todosth.

tosing

Heisoftenheard__________thesong.Theyweremade__________dayandnight.towork

1.我看到他跳舞。

Isawhimdance.2.老板迫使他工作了一整夜.

Thebossmadehimworkthewholenight.3.讓我聽你唱歌。

Letmelistentoyousing.LookandsayReadandremembersee,hear,notice,watch和feel等詞后接不定式和動名詞有區(qū)別。seesb.doingsth.看見某人在做某事seesb.dosth.看見某人做了或經(jīng)常做某事A.singB.singingC.tosingD.sang()1.WealwayshearTony________inthenextroom.()

2.WeheardTony_________inthenextroomamomentago.ChoosethebestanswerAB

()1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has()2.――Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?――Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.――Let'shavearest,shallwe?――Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwriteChoosethebestanswerACC()4.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.flies B.flying C.flewD.tofly()5.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen()6.——Tom,haveyouseenyourbrother?——Oh.Isawhim_________basketballontheplaygroundonmywayhome.A.playB.playsC.playing

D.playedChoosethebestanswerBAC

helpsbtodosth.helpsbdosthhelpsbwithsth幫助某人做某事Ioftenhelphimcleantheroom.Ioftenhelphimtocleantheroom.Maryalwayshelpshermotherwiththecooking.Maryalwayshelpshermotherdosomecooking.Maryalwayshelpshermothertodosomecooking.ReadandrememberReadthefollowing4ExerciseI.Choosethebestanswer()1.Ihavealotofthings____thisweekend.(1999)

A.doB.didC.doingD.todo()

2.TheteacheroftentellsJimandJohn____toomuchtimeplayingvideogames.(2000)

A.nottospendB.tonotspendC.don'tspendD.doesn'tspend()

3.Thegreedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorheron_____twiceaday.(2001)

A.dance B.dances C.danced D.todance()

4.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly_____belatefortheexam.(2002)

A.inordertoB.inorderthatC.soasnottoD.soastoDAAC()

5.Ifthelaunch(發(fā)射)in2005issuccessful,Chinawillbethethirdcountry____itsastronautsintospaceafterRussiaandtheUSA.(2002)

A.sendB.sendsC.sendingD.tosend()

6."Mr.Zhu,youhadbetter____toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,"saidthedoctor.(2003)A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat()

7."Don'talwaysmakeMichael_____thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,"Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.(2003)

A.doB.todoC.doesD.did()

8.Internetbarsmustn'tletpeopleunder18inorletanybody_____badthings.(2004)

A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watchesDCAA

()

9.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers_____halfway.(2005)

A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.stopped()

10.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe?（2006）

A.go B.togoC.going D.goes()

11.We’dbetter__________offourmobilephones.Themeetingwillstartinaminute.(2007)A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned()

12.Ourheadmasteraskedus_______areportonhowtoprotectwildanimals.(2008)A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.wrote()

13.8.Thewomanfeelsthatsheshouldletherson_______hisowndecisionthistime.(2009)A.makesB.makeC.tomakeD.makingACCBAMrs.WhitetoldTomthathemustn'tthrowpaperontheground.(1999)

Mrs.WhitetoldTom____________throwpaperontheground.2.Idon'tknowwhenweshallleaveforNanjing.(2000)

Idon'tknowwhen____________

forNanjing.3.Comicsareexcitingtoread.(2004)

Itis____________

readcomics.4.Hedidn'tknowwhomhecouldaskforhelp.

Hedidn'tknow____________

askforhelp.5.Idon'tknowwhichhobbygroupIwilljoin.Idon'tknowwhichhobbygroup____________.

nottotoleaveexcitingtowhomtotojoinII.Rewritethesentences8動詞（Verb）15動名詞（Gerund）

動名詞由V.+ing構(gòu)成，否定形式為notdoing，具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用

動名詞用作主語，賓語和表語ReadthefollowingRunningismyfavouritesport.Mr.Taylorandhiswifeenjoytravellingwithchildren.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.

(作主語)(作賓語)(作表語)帶動名詞和不定式都可以作主語。通常地，在表示一般或比較抽象的多次性行為時常用動名詞；而表示具體的或一次性的動作，尤其是將來的動作時，常用不定式。_________(沖浪)isoneofthemostpopularwatersportsinHawaii.2._________(抄襲)others’homeworkissobadthatitmakesthestudentslazy.

SurfingCopying

1.動名詞作主語Fillintheblanksenjoy,finish,keep(on),mind,practise,admit,deny,dislike,consider,suggest,can’thelp,bebusy,giveup，feellike1.他對聽音樂總是興致勃勃。Healways

enjoyslisteningtomusic.2.我打掃完房間了Ihavefinishedcleaningtheroom.3.你不能像這樣老變主意。Youshouldn'tkeepchangingyourideaslikethis.+doingsth.

2.動名詞作賓語a.作動詞賓語Readthefollowing()1.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_________thedoor?-_________.Pleasedoit.toopen;OK

B.opening;Certainlynot

C.opening;Ofcourse

D.toopen;Goodidea()2.Lilyfinished_________thebookyesterday.A.readB.reading C.toread D.reads()3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_________untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failing C.triedD.trying()4.-HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish?-Youhavetopractise_________asmuchaspossible.speakB.speaking

C.spokenD.tospeakChoosethebestanswerBBDBLucyisinterestedin_________.

listentomusicB.listeningmusic

C.flyingkites D.readbooks2.-Thankyoufor_________therulerfromthefloorforme.

-That'sallright.A.playingfor B.playingwith C.pointingto D.pickingupprevent/stop…from

spend…(in)lookforwardto

2.動名詞作賓語a.作介詞賓語+doingsth.Choosethebestanswer1.——Whatisthiskindofknifeusedfor?——It’sonlyusedfor_______meat.(cut)2.It’srainingoutside.Whatabout_______somereadinginside.(do)cuttingdoingFillintheblankswiththeproperverbs1.Oneofthebestexercisesisswimming.2.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.3.Ourfavouritesportishorseriding.