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20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)2020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(名師總結(jié)教材重點(diǎn)精品建議背誦)名詞名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名、地名、人名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞考點(diǎn)1:可數(shù)名詞一、基本用法(1)可數(shù)名詞后可以加-S或-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式,用于表達(dá)超過“一個(gè)”的數(shù)的概念。(2)只與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用的單詞:few(幾乎沒有),afew(—些),many/agreatmany(許多)(3)既能與可數(shù)名詞連用也能與不可數(shù)名詞連用的單詞:some,any,alotof/lotsof,plentyof。例如:Thereissome/alotofmilkinthebottle.Therearesome/alotofflowersinthegarden.、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化規(guī)律例詞①一般在詞尾直接加sbook~bookschair—chairs②以s,x,o,sh,ch結(jié)尾的單詞通常在詞尾加esclass—classesbox—boxesbrush—brusheswatch—watches③以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,把y改i,再加es但以元音+y結(jié)尾的詞,則直接在詞尾加sfamily—familiesfactory—factorieskey—keysmonkey—monkeys④以o結(jié)尾的詞,有生命的名詞加es但無生命名詞則直接加S,如:potato—potatoestomato—tomatoeshero—heroesradio—radioszoo—zoos⑤以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,改f或fe為v加esleaf—leavesthief—thieves三、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
規(guī)律例詞①變中間的兀音字母man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,child—children,mouse—mice②表示“某國人”的名詞單復(fù)變化(記憶口決:中日不變英法變,其余s加后面。)Chinese—ChineseJapanese—JapaneseFrenchman—FrenchmenEnglishman—EnglishmenGerman—GermansAmerican—AmericansIndian—IndiansAustralian—Australians③單復(fù)數(shù)一樣的名詞ChineseandJapanese吃sheep,deerandfish如:aChinese--twoChinese,asheep--manysheep④有的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式people,police,clothes,trousers,pants,jeans,scissors,shorts⑤有的名詞即可表整體,也可表成員family,class,team,group⑥由兩個(gè)名詞組成的名詞詞組,通常只變后面一個(gè)名詞為復(fù)數(shù);注意:但如果前面名詞是man或woman時(shí),則兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)anappletree—twoappletreesagirlstudent—manygirlstudentsamanteacher—somementeachersawomandoctor—tenwomenteachers考點(diǎn)2:不可數(shù)名詞―、基本用法(1)不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與a/an或具體數(shù)字連用,但特指某物時(shí)可以與定冠詞the連用。(2)要表示一定的數(shù)量時(shí),常與acupof,abottleof,apieceof等量詞連用,如acupoftea一杯茶;twobottlesofwater兩瓶水注意:區(qū)另Utwoboxesofchalk與twoboxesofapples。(3)只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有:of(許alittle(一點(diǎn)),little(幾乎沒有),much/agreatdeal多)多)(4)??嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有:food,drink(飲料),orange(橙汁),milk,rice,bread,meat(肉),chicken(雞肉),pork(豬肉),beef(牛肉),work,homework,news(新聞)advice(建議),information(信息),weather(天氣),Chinese(漢語),knowledge(知
考點(diǎn)3:名詞所有格在英語中,有生命的名詞及表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市的名詞,常在詞尾加'S表示所屬關(guān)系,叫做名詞的所有格。翻譯成:“的”。如:Tom'sbike(湯姆的單車)名詞的所有格例詞、例句①直接在詞尾加's.Kate'sbag,Children'sDay,Women'sDay②以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格,在詞尾加’Teachers'Day,students'books③表示兩人共同擁有的人或物,在后一LucyandLily'smother(共同的媽媽)個(gè)人名后加'S④表示兩人分別擁有的人或物,則兩個(gè)Tom'sandJim'srooms(各自的房間)人名后都要加's⑤表某人的家、店鋪、住宅、公共建筑atthedoctor's(在醫(yī)務(wù)室);等地名時(shí),所有格后面的名詞常常省略:atTom's(在湯姆的家)⑥表示無生命名詞的所有格,用of表達(dá)thedooroftheroom,thecoloroftheclothes⑦雙重所有格:用'S所有格/與of所有格Afriendofmyfather's相結(jié)合。abookofmine注意:但是有些表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值、國家和城市等無生命的名詞,也可加s構(gòu)成所有格:如:today'snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙eightdays'holiday=an8-dayholiday八天的假期fiveminutes'walk=afive-minutewalk五分鐘的步行路程識(shí))等(1)sound,voice,noisesound“聲音,,,指耳朵能聽到的各種聲音。Iheardthesoundofthebell.voice“聲音”,主要指人的聲音。Shehasabeautifulvoice.noise指“噪音”。詞組有:makeanoise等。(2)job,work①job“工作”,是可數(shù)名詞。work“工作”,可以作名詞或動(dòng)詞;作名詞表示“工作”時(shí)是不可數(shù)的;作名詞表示“著作”時(shí)是可數(shù)的。(3)anumberof,thenumberofanumberof表示“大量的;許多”,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Anumberofpersonsareplayingchess.thenumberof表示“的數(shù)量”,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(4)idea,adviceidea表示“主意”,是可數(shù)名詞。如:agoodidea一個(gè)好主意advice表示“建議;忠告”,是不可數(shù)名詞。如:apieceofadvice(5)news,information,message,instructionnews表示“新聞;消息”,是不可數(shù)名詞。如:twopiecesofnewsinformation表示“信息;資料”,側(cè)重信息的價(jià)值,是不可數(shù)名詞。如:someinformationmessage表示“消息;音信”,側(cè)重信息的簡(jiǎn)短,是可數(shù)名詞。常用詞組:leaveamessage(留言);giveamessageto...(捎口信給)④instruction表示“說明;須知;教導(dǎo)",是可數(shù)名詞。如:someinstructions(6)house,family,homehouse表示“住宅”,指的是具體的房子或建筑物。family表示“家;家庭”,也可指全體家庭成員。home意為“家”,帶有眷戀等感情色彩。(7)部分單詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)的含義不同:room房間(可數(shù));空間(不可數(shù))。glass玻璃杯(可數(shù));玻璃(不可數(shù))。orange橙子(可數(shù));橙汁(不可數(shù))。chicken小雞(可數(shù));雞肉(不可數(shù))。time次數(shù)(可數(shù));時(shí)間(不可數(shù))。名詞考點(diǎn)1:人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞(1)人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的基本變化形式人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyoursyoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimself單數(shù)sheherherhersherself單數(shù)itititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves(2)人稱代詞的用法:主格通常放在動(dòng)詞前面。賓格一般放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。如:Sheisveryfriendlyandwealllikeher.AllofusareChinese.人稱代詞的排列:?jiǎn)螖?shù):you,heandI(二、三、一)復(fù)數(shù):we,youandthey(一、二、三)(3)物主代詞譯成“……的”。形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。名詞性物主代詞后面不能有名詞,如:Thisismybook=Thisbookismine.Theirroomisbiggerthanours.(4)反身代詞意思是“本人,親自”。必須與被指代的人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如:Hecandoithimself.Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthepartyyesterday.反身代詞常用詞組:teachoneself=learnsth.byoneself自學(xué);enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime/havefundoing玩得開心;helponeselftosth.請(qǐng)自便;隨便吃;lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself照顧自己;saytooneself自言自語;byoneself獨(dú)自地;dressoneself給自己穿衣考點(diǎn)2:指示代詞、疑問代詞和it的用法(1)指示代詞的形式:this(單數(shù))一these(復(fù)數(shù)),that(單數(shù))一those(復(fù)數(shù))如:Thisismywatch.Thatishiswatch.Thesearemybooks.Thosearehisbooks.打電話時(shí),常用“that”詢問對(duì)方是“誰”,用“this”介紹自己。如:一Hello,isthatLucy?一Hello,thisisLucy.(2)疑問代詞指人:who,whom,whose,which;指物:what,which(3)it的用法指時(shí)間、天氣或距離等如:It'seighto'clocknow.It'stimeforclass.It'sgettinghotterandhotter.It'sfivemilesfrommyhometotheschool.指談話雙方都知道的或都不知道的人或事如:一Whoisknockingatthedoor?一ItmustbeLiLei.Hesaidhewouldcometonight.作形式主語或形式賓語如:It'simportanttostudyEnglishwell.Wefoundithardtofinishtheworkontime.考點(diǎn)3:不定代詞(見易混詞)常見的不定代詞有:some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等。形容詞或else修飾something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,everyone,everybody等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞或else放在不定代詞的后面。如:Doyouhaveanythingelsetotellus?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourbike.【易混詞辨析】some,any一些some常用于肯定句;但希望對(duì)方肯定回答時(shí),疑問句中用some。any常用于否定句和疑問句,還可用于if引導(dǎo)的條件從句;用于肯定句時(shí),表示“任何一個(gè)”。many,much許多many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Hehasmanyfriends.much+不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Hedoesn'thavemuchmoney.afew,few,alittle,littleafew/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。afew意為“有一點(diǎn)”;few意為“幾乎沒有”(否定詞)。alittle/little+不可數(shù)名詞。alittle意為“有一點(diǎn)"(還可接形容詞或比較級(jí));little意為“幾乎沒有”(否定詞)。it,one,that,thoseit指代前面提到過的那個(gè)人或物。one表示泛指,指前面提到的那類人或物中的任何一個(gè),用來代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。that指代同一類別中的另一個(gè),用來代替不可數(shù)名詞。those用來指代名詞復(fù)數(shù),指代同一類別中的另一些,通常用于含有比較級(jí)別的句子中。both,either,neitherboth意為“兩者都”,bothof...作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。詞組:both...and兩者都either意為“兩者之一”,eitherof...作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞組:either...or要么要么neither意為“兩者都不”,neitherof...作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞組:neither...nor既不也不20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)注意:either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso(不僅而且),連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞跟最近的主語一致(就近原則)。(6)all,every,each,none,noone,nobodyall指三者或三者以上“全部都”,allof...作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。every指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”,不能帶of。each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”,能帶of。none指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“一個(gè)也沒有”,既可指人也可指物,常與of連用。noone/nobody指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“一個(gè)也沒有”,只能指人,不能與of連用。注意:用what/who提問的句子表示否定時(shí)分別用nothing/noone(nobody)來回答。用howmany/howmuch提問的句子表示否定時(shí)只能用none來回答。theother特指“剩下的,其余的”。theothers=theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。指“剩下的人(或物),其余的(或物)”。詞組:one...theother(兩者中)一個(gè)另一個(gè);some...others—些另一些(7)another,other,others,theother,theothersanother泛指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中的“另一個(gè)”。例如:anothertwodogs=twomoredogsother泛指“別的,其他的”,后面常加名詞。others泛指“別人,其他人”。others=other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。冠詞考點(diǎn)1不定冠詞a/an的基本用法一、基本用法用法例句(1)泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)或一類。Anelephantismuchheavierthanahorse.(2)在敘述時(shí)用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。Thereisabookonthedesk.⑶用于序數(shù)詞刖,表示“又,再”。Ihavereadthebookstwice,butIwanttoreadthemathirdtime.
(4)用于某些固定詞組前。haveagoodtime,inahurry,havearest,forawhile,takeawalk,haveacold二、a/an的區(qū)別a用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前,an用在元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前。如abook,anorange,anegg注意:①u發(fā)音為/ju:/時(shí),單詞前用a.如:ausualboy;auniversity;aunit;ausefulbook;注意另外兩個(gè)特殊詞:aone-legtable;aEuropean常見輔音字母不發(fā)音的單詞有:anhonestboy;anhour;anhonor;單獨(dú)字母前的用an記憶口訣:Mr.Lihasonefox.如:Thereisan“f”andan“o”intheword“frog”用法口訣:某人某物屬某類,一人一物指全體;某人某物不具體,數(shù)量名詞前表“每考點(diǎn)2定冠詞the的用法基本用法例句(1)用來表示特指的或指雙方都知道的人或事ThemanoverthereisJohn'suncle.(2)表示上文中提到過的人或者事ThereisanEnglishbookonthedesk.ThebookisLiLei's.(3)用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的名詞前Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.(4)用在形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞前面Thisisthehighestbuildinginthiscity.(5)用在樂器名詞前Mysistercanplaythepianoandtheviolin.(6)用在方位名詞前intheeast/west/south/north,ontheleft/right
(7)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示一家人或夫婦TheSmithsarewatchingTV.(8)和形容詞連用,表示一類人Theoldshouldbelookedafterwell.(9)用在江河湖海及山脈名詞前TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.(10)用在某些固定詞組中inthemorning/evening/afternoon,inthedaytime,intheend,atthesametime,bytheway,attheageof,atthebeginningof,inthemiddleof,atthemoment考點(diǎn)3不用冠詞的情況基本用法例句(1)在專有名詞(國名、城市名、人名、路名)前不用冠詞Beijingisabeautifulcity.⑵在季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日前不用冠詞Insummer/onMonday/in1995(3)在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類和學(xué)科名詞前不用冠詞MrZhanglikesplayingfootballandchess.⑷二餐飯前不用冠詞havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(5)名詞前有“this,that,those,these,my,your,some”等詞修飾時(shí)不用冠詞Thisismybestfriend.
(6)用在某些固定詞組中athome,watchTV,listentomusic,onfoot,inbed,inhospital,atfirst,introuble,inpublic,bybus,atnoon,atnight注意:1.中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前一般加“the”:theMid-AutumnDay中秋節(jié);theSpringFestival;具體某年的季節(jié)前一般加“the”:inthewinterof2009在2009年的冬天2.但三餐飯前如有形容詞修飾時(shí),可以用冠詞,如:haveanicebreakfast吃一頓美味的早餐數(shù)詞??蓟鶖?shù)詞、序數(shù)詞一覽表數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1onefirst16sixteensixteenth2twosecond17seventeenseventeenth3threethird18eighteeneighteenth4fourfourth19nineteennineteenth5fivefifth20twentytwentieth6sixsixth21twenty-onetwenty-first7sevenseventh22twenty-twotwenty-second8eighteighth30thirtythirtieth9nineninth40fortyfortieth10tententh50fiftyfiftieth11eleveneleventh60sixtysixtieth12twelvetwelfth70seventyseventieth13thirteenthirteenth80eightyeightieth14fourteenfourteenth90ninetyninetieth15fifteenfifteenth100onehundred基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣:1,2,3特殊記,結(jié)尾各為t,d,d;加th,4開始;8少t,九去e,千萬別忘記;(eighth,ninth)5和12不規(guī)則,f來把ve替;(fifth,twelfth)20到90,y結(jié)尾變成ie;(twentieth)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)若是幾十幾,刖基后序就可以??键c(diǎn)1基數(shù)詞(1)基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量,后面一般接復(fù)數(shù)名詞(“一”除外)。如:sevendays(2)基數(shù)詞的讀法:從右向左看,每隔三位劃一逗號(hào),倒數(shù)第一個(gè)逗號(hào)之前要用thousand,倒數(shù)第二個(gè)逗號(hào)之前要用million,倒數(shù)第三的逗號(hào)之前要用billion表示。如:7,258,366,200可讀為:sevenbillion,twohundredandfifty-eightmillion,threehundredandsixty-sixthousand,twohundred百位與十位之間要加and。如:onehundredandtwenty-five;十位與個(gè)位之間要加連詞符。如:seventy-four(3)hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen前面有具體數(shù)字時(shí),后面不加s和of;如果沒有具體數(shù)字,后面必須加s和of。如:fivehundred(五百),hundredsof(成百上千的),tenthousand(一萬),thousandsof(成千上萬的),millionsof(上百萬的)(4)時(shí)間的讀法順讀法:點(diǎn)鐘+分鐘如:2:05twofive3:50threefifty逆讀法:分鐘<30,用“past”:分鐘+past+點(diǎn)鐘(幾點(diǎn)過幾分)如:4:15fourfifteen/aquarterpastfour6:30halfpastsix=thirtypastsix分鐘〉30分鐘,用“to”:分鐘(60—分鐘數(shù))+to+(點(diǎn)鐘+1)(幾點(diǎn)差幾分)如:7:40twentytoeight8:45aquartertonine=fifteentonine整點(diǎn)的表達(dá):點(diǎn)鐘+o'clocko如:9:00nineo'clock(5)編號(hào)的表達(dá)名詞+基數(shù)詞=the+序數(shù)詞+名詞如:LessonOne=thefirstlesson(6)小數(shù)點(diǎn)用“point”;百分?jǐn)?shù)用“percent”的表達(dá)。如:1.4onepointfour;60%sixtypercent(7)與表示度量衡單位的詞連用:10米深/長/寬/高tenmetersdeep/long/wide/tall考點(diǎn)2序數(shù)詞(1)序數(shù)詞表示順序,前面一般有“the”或代詞修飾,后面一般接名詞單數(shù)。如:Mondayistheseconddayoftheweek.Todayishisseventeenthbirthday.注意:a/an+序數(shù)詞表示:又一,再一(表示泛指)Ihavefailedtwice,butIwanttotryathirdtime.(2)分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1,分母+so如:1/3onethird;3/4threefourths/threequarters⑶日期的表達(dá)月-日-年如:IthappenedonJanuarythesecond,1990./IthappenedonJanuary2,1990.考點(diǎn)3其他重點(diǎn)表達(dá)半小時(shí)halfanhour半天halfaday兩天半twoandahalfdays=twodaysandahalf一至兩天oneortwodays=onedayortwo在20世紀(jì)90年代inthe1990s在他30多歲inhisthirties再多兩天twomoredays=anothertwodays考點(diǎn)1:形容詞、副詞的基本用法形容詞一般放在名詞前面,be動(dòng)詞后面。副詞一般放在動(dòng)詞后面或形容詞前面,副詞一般以ly結(jié)尾。但有的動(dòng)詞后面只能用形容詞。如??荚~:五個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞:look,feel,smell,taste,sound;四個(gè)變得:turn,get,become,go(變質(zhì));四個(gè)句型:keep,make,think,make/stay如:Thebookisinteresting.Thisisaninterestingbook.Theboylookssad.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(something,anything,nothing,everything,somebodyanybody,nobody,everybody,everyone)時(shí),要放在不定代詞的后面。如:Theteacherhassomethingimportanttotellus.enough(足夠)放在名詞前面,形容詞、副詞后面。如:Idon'thaveenoughmoneytobuythebike.考點(diǎn)2:形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本變化規(guī)則例詞(1)一般情況下比較級(jí)在詞尾直接加er,最高級(jí)加est。small—smaller—smalleststronger—strongeststrong—⑵以e結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾加r構(gòu)成比較級(jí),nice—nicer—nicestl加st構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。ate一later—latest⑶以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,把y改i,再加heavy一heavier—heaviesteasy一er構(gòu)成比較級(jí),加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。easier—easiest(4)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫輔音字母,再加er或est構(gòu)成比較big一bigger—biggesthot一hotter一hottest
級(jí)和最高級(jí)。⑸其他雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí),加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。important一moreimportant一mostimportantstrongly一morestrongly一moststrongly不規(guī)則變化的詞many/much一more一mostgood/well—better-bestbad/badly/ill—worse-worstlittle—less一leastfar—farther—farthest(距離遠(yuǎn))far—further—furthest(深入的,)old一older—oldest(歲數(shù)大,東西舊)/old一elder—eldest(輩份大)形容詞等級(jí)口訣比較級(jí)要變化,一般詞尾加-er,詞尾若有啞音就可以直接加r。一輔重讀閉音節(jié),輔音字母要雙寫。輔音字母后有y,把y改成io最高級(jí)加-est,莫忘前面加the。形容詞若是多音節(jié),記得前面加more、most??键c(diǎn)3:形容詞、副詞的基本句型(1)原級(jí)的用法句型例句①very,quite,rather,too,enough,so等詞修飾原級(jí)Thestreetisverybusy.Thebookisquiteinteresting.②表示A與B一樣時(shí),用:A...+as+原級(jí)+as+B(和一樣)TomisastallasKate.TomrunsasquicklyasKate③表示A不如B時(shí),用:A...+not+as/so+原級(jí)+as+B(不如)Thisstoryisn'tas/sointerestingasthatone.Mybrotherdoesn'twriteas/sowellasme.20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)(2)比較級(jí)的用法(兩者的比較或選擇)句型例句比較級(jí)+than+被比較的對(duì)象Heistallerthanhisfather.Whojumpshigher,TomorJim?②比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)①hotterandhotter越來越熱moreandmore+原級(jí)②moreandmoreuseful越來越有用③the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)①Themoreyoutakeexercise,thehealthier(越,越)youwillbe.④less+原級(jí)+than(不如)①Theroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.⑤the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo(兩者中更…:)①Jimisthetallerofthetwo.注意:比較級(jí)前面還可以用以下詞來修飾:much(得多),alittle/abit(有點(diǎn)),even(甚至),far(遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地),still(仍然),threetimes(三倍)等。例如:Whynotgetupalittleearlier?Thebookistwicecheaperthanthatone.(3)最高級(jí)的用法(三者或以上的比較或選擇)句型例句①the+最高級(jí)+of/in+比較的范圍Iamtheearliestinmyclasseveryday.Whichdoyoulikebest,English,Chineseormath?②oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)(最之一)①Thisisoneofthemostexpensivepaintingsintheworld.③the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+名詞單數(shù)(第幾最……)①ShanghaiisthefirstlargestcityinChina.注意:形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞修飾時(shí)不用the:Heismybestfriend.同類事物才能夠相比較:TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthanthatinBeijing.最高級(jí)與比較級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換:ShanghaiisthelargestcityinChina.=ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.(上海屬于中國)區(qū)別:ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.(上海不屬于日本)【易混詞辨析】(1)alone,lonely①alone形容詞,“單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的”。副詞,“獨(dú)自地”。lonely形容詞,“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的,荒涼的”。(2)good,well①good形容詞,“好的”。②well副詞,是“好地”意思。作形容詞時(shí)是“身體健康的”。作名詞時(shí)是“井”。interesting,interested,interest①interesting形容詞,“有趣的”。interested形容詞,“感到有趣的”。常用詞組:beinterestedin(對(duì)感興趣)interest名詞,“興趣,愛好”。動(dòng)詞,“使某人感興趣”。注意:-ing類形容詞常用來形容物。-ed類形容詞常用來形容人的感覺。Moststudentsareexcitedabouttheexcitingfilm.hard,hardlyhard形容詞,“大的,困難的,硬的”。副詞,“大地,努力地”。hardly副詞,“幾乎不”。sometimes,sometimes,sometime,sometime①sometimes幾次或幾倍②sometimes有時(shí)=attimessometime過去或?qū)淼哪硞€(gè)時(shí)候④sometime一段時(shí)間muchtoo,toomuch,toomanymuchtoo+形容詞、副詞原級(jí);表示“非常,極其,太”②toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞;表示“太多”。③toomany+名詞復(fù)數(shù);表示“太多”。so,such如此;這樣so+adj./adv.;such(+a/an)+adj.+n.either,too,also①either和too都放于句尾。either用于否定句,too用于肯定句。also用于句子中間。Wealsowenttoseeafilm.介詞考點(diǎn)1表示時(shí)間的介詞①in,after,later表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別in+時(shí)間段,用于將來時(shí),表示“過后"。Hewillcomebackinanhour.after+一段時(shí)間,用于過去時(shí),表示"在以后"。Afteranhour,hecameback.after+時(shí)間點(diǎn),用于將來時(shí),表示“在以后"。Hewillcomebackafter5o'clock.
時(shí)間段+later,表示“在之后”。Anhourlater,hecameback.in,on,at表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別in主要表達(dá)周、月、季節(jié)、年代;泛指上午、下午、晚上。on主要表示具體的某一天,也可表示某一天的某個(gè)時(shí)候。at表示某一時(shí)刻。for,since表時(shí)間的區(qū)別for+一段時(shí)間since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/句子to,past,pass表時(shí)間的區(qū)別to介詞,大于30分鐘時(shí),表示“差”。tentoseven6:50past介詞,小于30分鐘時(shí),表示“過"。tenpastsix6:10pass動(dòng)詞,表示“經(jīng)過,過去”。Hepassedbyme.考點(diǎn)2表示地點(diǎn)和方位的介詞①above,over,on在……上面above在……上方(與物體表面不接觸)。over在……正上方(與物體表面不接觸)。on在on在……上面(與物體表面接觸)。through,across,cross穿過through介詞,縱穿(從空間穿過)。across介詞,橫穿(橫過某個(gè)平面)cross動(dòng)詞,橫穿(橫過某個(gè)平面)。among,between在……之間Thesoldierswentthroughtheforest.Heiswalkingacrossthestreet.=Heiscrossingthestreet.among在(三者或三者以上)之間;between在(兩者)之間。常用詞組:between...and...④in,on,toin表示在范圍之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍);on表示與某一地區(qū)接壤;to表示隔海相望。如:GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.(廣東屬于中國)GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.(廣東不屬于湖南,但與湖南是毗鄰關(guān)系)JapanistotheeastofChina.(日本不屬于中國,而且隔海相望)⑤表方位的介詞on,in,behind,afteron表示在某人、某物的左邊或右邊in用來表示在第幾排behind用來表示在..之后after表示順序20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)考點(diǎn)3:其他介詞的用法①except,besidesexcept“除去”,表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在內(nèi)的。besides“除……以外還有”,表示包括后面所提到的人或物在內(nèi)的。with介詞,表示“用(工具)”。Wewalkwithourfeet.in介詞,表示“用(材料、語言、聲音)”。CanyousayitinEnglish?use動(dòng)詞,“用”。MayIuseyourdictionary?by介詞,表示“以……方式、方法、手段”,或表交通工具??键c(diǎn)4固定搭配agreewith同意arriveat/in至U達(dá)atonce立亥0atthesametime同時(shí)attheageof在…歲時(shí)beangrywith升…的氣begoodat/dowellin擅長于beinterestedin對(duì)…感興趣belatefor遲到bestrictwith對(duì)…嚴(yán)格bytheway順便說onone'swayto...在…的路上bymistake錯(cuò)誤地catchupwith趕上cheerup使…高興comeupwith提出dependon依靠bedifferentfrom與…不同falloff掉下來getalongwith與…相處hearof聽說hearfrom收到…來信helpwith幫助inpublic在公共場(chǎng)合introuble處于困境中insurprise驚奇地intime及時(shí)learnfrom向…學(xué)習(xí)laughat嘲笑makefriendswith與…交朋友onfoot步行regardas把…當(dāng)作toone'ssurprise使…驚奇的是withasmile微笑著onthewall緊貼在墻表面上的,表示“在墻上”。inthewall鑲嵌在墻里的,表示“在墻上”。onthetree長在樹上的果、葉等,表示“在樹上”。inthetree外來的東西,表示“在樹上”。with的意思是“有”,表示伴隨;without的意思是“沒有”。infrontof在……的前面(物體外面的前面)。inthefrontof在……的前部(物體里面的前面)連詞考點(diǎn)1并列連詞的基本用法(1)表示平行關(guān)系的詞有:and(和,又,而),or(或者,否則),either...or(不是就是;要么要么)both...and(兩者都),notonly...butalso(不僅而且),neither...nor(既不也不),aswellas(也,而且)如:Youshoulddosomehousework.Youcaneithercleantheroomorwashthedishes.Theboyisnotonlynaughtybutalsoclever.=Theboyisnaughtyaswellasclever.⑵表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞有:though/although(雖然),evenif(即使),but(但是),yet(然而),while(而),however(然而)如:Thoughheisverytired,heisstillpractisingthepiano.IlikeEnglish,buthedoesn't.⑶表示因果關(guān)系的詞:because,since(由于,既然),for(因?yàn)椋?,as(由于,鑒于),so(所如:It'srainingsohard,soIcan'tgohomenow.Sinceyouhaveabadcold,youneedn'tgotoschooltoday.Asitwaslate,Ihadtogo.注意:because與so,though/although與but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里。如:Thoughheisveryold,hestillworks=Heisveryold,buthestillworks考點(diǎn)2從屬連詞的基本用法(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的詞有:when(當(dāng)時(shí)候),while(當(dāng)時(shí)候),after(在之后),before(在之前),assoonas(一就),until(直至到),since(自從),as(一邊一邊),till/until(直到……才)注意:區(qū)別when(當(dāng)時(shí)候)和while(當(dāng)時(shí)候):如:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercameback.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymothercameback.(2)sothat/inorderthat+句子(為了,(以便),)so+形容詞/副詞+that...(如此以致);such+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+that...(如此以致)注意:當(dāng)名詞前面有many,much,few,little修飾時(shí),則用“so",不用“such"。如:TomissocleverthathelearnsChineseverywell.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan'tbuythebike.Jimsatinfrontsothathecouldheartheteacherclearly.動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1??紕?dòng)詞短語1..carefor/about喜歡,照顧(病人)2.catchupwith趕上;追上3.cheerup使振奮;使咼興起來4.closeto靠近5.comeon加油;快點(diǎn)6.comeout出來,出版,長出7.cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn);達(dá)到8.comeupwith提出;想出9.fallasleep=gotosleep入睡10.findout尋找;查找11.finishdoing做完某事12.fixup修理13.getalong/onwith與相處14.getback回來15.getoff下車16.geton上車17.getreadyfor為準(zhǔn)備18.getup起來19.giveaway贈(zèng)送20.givein屈服,讓步21.giveout發(fā)出(氣味、熱等);分發(fā)22.giveup放棄;拋棄23.handin上交,交納24.handout分發(fā);發(fā)放25.hearabout/of聽說26.hearfromsb.收到的來信27.helponeselftosth.請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)28.lookthrough瀏覽29.lookup查找30.lookover(醫(yī)牛)檢杳31.makefriendswith與父友32.makemistakes犯錯(cuò);出錯(cuò)33.makeprogress取得進(jìn)步34.makeupone'smindtodo下決心35.mixup混淆,攪勻36.sb.payfor付款37.pickup撿起,開車去接38.putaway整理,收起來39.puton穿上40.putout熄滅41.putup張貼、公布42.putoff推遲43.ringup打電話給44.runafter追,追趕45.runaway逃跑,失控46.runout(of)=useup用完,耗盡47.tryon試穿48.setup建立,創(chuàng)立,開辦49.stayup不去睡,熬夜50.turndown/up/on/off調(diào)小/調(diào)大/打開/關(guān)掉考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞的分類(1實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱為行為動(dòng)詞,表示事物的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語。它又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面可跟賓語,如:like,see,watch,bring等。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接接賓語,如:happen,run,stand等。如:IlikeEnglish.Iamreadinganinterestingbook.Heisrunning.Thestoryhappenedonarainynight.(2)連系動(dòng)詞又稱為系動(dòng)詞,不能直接作謂語。常考的系動(dòng)詞有:be,become,get,turn,look,smell,sound,taste,feel,keep,seem,grow等。注意:系動(dòng)詞不能有被動(dòng)語態(tài),也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如:Helookedveryexcited.Thefishsmeltdelicious.(3)助動(dòng)詞沒有實(shí)際意義,只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起連用,在句中幫助提問和否定以及構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。常用的助動(dòng)詞有:be,do,will,have等。如:Howdoyougotoschool?Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示講話人的態(tài)度、請(qǐng)求、愿望、可能等。本身具有一定的意義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,且后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:may,can,must,should,need,haveto等。常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一覽表原形過去式詞義例句should/應(yīng)該Weshouldstudyhard.maymight①可以,允許一MayIsmokehere?一Yes,youmay./No,youmustn't/can't.②可能(用于肯定句)Jimdidn'tcometoschool.Hemaybeill.③表祝愿Mayyoubehappy.cancould①許可表示許可時(shí)=mayYoucansithere.②表示能力時(shí)一beableto一Canyoudance?一Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.③可能(用于否定句和疑問句)Themancan'tbeMr.Zhang.HehasgonetoBeijing.Must/①必須(強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法)一Mustwefinishtheworkatonce?一Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.②一定(用于肯定句)TheFrenchbookmustbeJim's.OnlyheislearningFrenchnow.③mustn't表示禁止,不允Wemustn'tplayballgamesinthestreet.
許havetohadto①不得不(強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要)Ihavetoleavenow.It'stoolate.need①做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),后接動(dòng)詞原形,否定形式:needn't(不必)。Todayweneedn'tgotoschoolbecauseitisrainingtooheavily.②做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),后接todo或名!詞。Ineedn'tbuythebook=Idon'tneedtobuythebook.③need+doing表被動(dòng)。Thetreesneedwatering.(樹需要被澆水)=Thetreesneedtobewatered.考點(diǎn)3動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也可表示普遍真理和自然規(guī)律。標(biāo)志詞often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,everyday,twiceaweek,howoften肯定式主+動(dòng)詞原形主+動(dòng)詞(-s/-es)(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))主+am/is/are+表語Theyoftenrideabiketoschool.Heusuallywalkstoschool.I'maboy.否定式主+don't+動(dòng)詞原形主+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))主+amnot/isn't/aren't+表語Theydon'toftenrideabiketoschool.Hedoesn'tusuallywalktoschool.Heisnotastudent.①、②疑問式Do+主+動(dòng)詞原形?Does+主+動(dòng)詞原形?(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))③Am/Is/Are+主+表語?Dotheyoftenrideabiketoschool?Doesheusuallywalktoschool?Areyoufree?(2)一般過去時(shí)用法表示過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞yesterday,lastweek,ago,justnow,
in+過去的年份,theotherday,thismorning肯定式主+動(dòng)詞過去式(-ed)①主+was/were+表語②Wesawafilmlastnight.Shewasalittlegirl3yeasago.①否定式②主+didn't+動(dòng)詞原形①主+wasn't/weren't+表語②Wedidn'tseeafilmlastnight.Iwasn'tatschoolyesterday.、①疑問式②Did+主+動(dòng)詞原形?Was/Were+主+表語?①Didyouseeafilmlastnight??WereyouOK?(3)一般將來時(shí)用法表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞tomorrow,fromnowon,nextyear,thisevening,tonight,inthefuture,soon,in+段時(shí)間,howsoon第一種will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形(shall一般用于第一人稱的疑問句,表建議)一Shallwegotothemovies?一Goodidea!肯定式主+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形Iwillhelpyou.否定式主+won't+動(dòng)詞原形Shewon'tcome.疑問式Will+主+動(dòng)詞原形?Willyouhelpus?第二種begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形(強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃或打算要做的事)WearegoingtohaveanEnglishpartythisSaturday.注意:①短暫性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。常用詞有come,go,arrive,leave等。如:Thebusiscoming.HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.②在when,until,if,assoonas,before,after,unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。如:IwillcometoseeyouifIhavetimethisSunday.Youwon'tpasstheexamunlessyoustudyharder.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)仃或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞now,look,listen,ateight,atthemoment,bequiet,keepsilent,allthetime,thesedays,atpresent肯定式主+be(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞-ingI'mlisteningtomusic.否定式主+amnot/isn't/aren't+動(dòng)詞-ingSheisn'treadingbooks.疑問式Am/Is/Are+主+動(dòng)詞-ing?Areyouplayinggames?(5)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞then,atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,ateightlastnight,when,while肯定式主+be(was/were)+動(dòng)詞-ingHewaslisteningtotheradiowhenhismothercameback.否定式主+wasn't/weren't+動(dòng)詞-ingHewasnotlisteningtotheradiothen.疑問式Was/Were+主+動(dòng)詞-ing?Washelisteningtotheradio?(6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。標(biāo)志詞for,since,ever,never,just,before,already,yet,inthepast/last??聽33!0;far,twice肯定式主+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Ihavefinishedmyhomework.否定式主+haven't/hasn't+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Ihaven'tfinishedmywork.疑問式Have/Has+主+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?Haveyoufinishedyourwork?注意:①for,sincefor+一段時(shí)間:Ihaveworkedhereforayear.since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/句子Ihaveworkedheresinceayearago/since2009.IhaveworkedheresinceIcameherelastyear.Itis+—段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))It'sayearsinceIworkedhere.already,yetalready已經(jīng)(用于肯定句,放句中)Ihavealreadyreadthebook.yet還(用于否定句和疑問句,放句尾)Ihaven'treadthebookyet.have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過某地(已返回)have/hasgoneto去了某地(還沒回)have/hasbeenin+—段時(shí)間去或來到(一直待在那兒)如:—HaveyoubeentoBeijing?—Ihavebeentheretwice.—WhereisJim?—Hehasgonetothelibrary.MyunclehasbeeninShanghaiforaweek.短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(for,since,howlong)連用有些動(dòng)詞如come,go,arrive,leave,borrow,die,buy,join,begin,start,end等,它們不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中??梢酝ㄟ^三種方法:第一改用一般過去時(shí)。第二改變動(dòng)詞,把這些短暫性動(dòng)詞改變成相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中。第三改用句型“Itis+—段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))”來表示。短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:come/go/arrive—be(in)leave—beawayfromborrow—keepdie一bedeadbuy一havejoin—bea.../bein...open一beopenbegin/start—beonend/finish—beoverclose一beclosed如:1)電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。Thefilmbegantenminutesago.=Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.=It'stenminutessincethefilmbegan.這只狗死了兩天了。Thedogdiedtwodaysago.=Thedoghasbeendeadfortwodays.=It'stwodayssincethedogdied.這輛自行車他買了三年了。Heboughtthebikethreeyearsago.=Hehashadthebikeforthreeyears.=It'sthreeyearssinceheboughtthebike.李明入團(tuán)一年了。LiMingjoinedtheLeagueayearago.=LiMinghasbeenintheLeagueforayear.=LiMinghasbeenaLeaguememberforayear.=It'sayearsinceLiMingjoinedtheLeague.我們達(dá)到學(xué)校半小時(shí)了。Wearrivedattheschoolhalfanhourago.=Wehavebeenintheschoolforhalfanhour.=It'shalfanhoursincewearrivedattheschool.一一這本書我能借多久?一一你能借一個(gè)星期。一HowlongcanIkeepthebook?一Youcankeepitforaweek.【易混詞辨析】arrive,getto,reach到達(dá)arriveat+小地點(diǎn)/arrivein+大地點(diǎn)MyunclearrivedinBeijingyesterday.getto+地點(diǎn)MyunclegottoBeijingyesterday.reach+地點(diǎn);另外,reach還有“夠到,達(dá)到”之意MyunclereachedBeijingyesterday.注意:如果動(dòng)詞后面接副詞“home,here,there”時(shí),則省略介詞。如:comehere,arrivethere,gethomebeat,win贏,打?、賐eat的賓語是對(duì)手,可以是物,也可以是人(beatsb);beat還可表示“用力擊打”或“(心臟)跳動(dòng)”等。②win的賓語是贏來的東西或打贏的比賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。ClassOnewonthebasketballmatch.20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)borrow,lend,keep借borrow借進(jìn);常用詞組:borrow...fromIborrowedabookfromhim.lend借出去;常用詞組:lend...toHelentabooktome.keep借;后面+一段時(shí)間Youcankeepthebookforaweek.bring,take,fetch,get,carry帶,拿bring拿來(由遠(yuǎn)到近,單程)。take帶走(由近到遠(yuǎn),單程)。fetch=get去拿來(由說話者所在地去別處拿東西再返回,雙程)。carry攜帶,運(yùn)載,不表示帶到何處。cost,pay,spend,take花費(fèi)cost常用句型:sthcostssbmoneypay常用句型:sbpaysmoneyforsthspend常用句型:sbspendsmoneyonsth/sbspendstime(in)doingsthtake常用句型:Ittakessbsometimetodosthdress,puton,wear,indress+人,“穿,給..穿”。puton+衣服,“穿上”,表動(dòng)作。wear+衣服,“穿著,戴著”,表狀態(tài)。in+顏色/衣服,“穿著”,表狀態(tài)。lookfor,find,findoutlookfor尋找,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。find找到,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。findout查明,找出(經(jīng)過調(diào)查,訪問等努力之后發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí))。listento,hear,soundlistento聽,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。hear聽見,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。sound聽起來,后接形容詞。lookat,see,looklookat看,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。see看見,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。look看起來,后接形容詞。forget,leave,loseforget“忘記”,常用詞組:forgettodo/forgetdoingleave短暫性動(dòng)詞,表示“離開";leaveAforB表示“離開A地去B地”;還可以表
示“遺忘,落下,丟下”,后面接地點(diǎn),而forget不可以。leavesthsomewhere把某物落在某處。③lose指不小心丟失某樣?xùn)|西。look,see,read,watch看look看,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。see看見,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。read看,讀,主要指看書、看報(bào)等。watch觀看,注視,主要指觀看電視、比賽等。watchsbdo/doingsthsay,speak,talk,tell說say一般要接說的內(nèi)容。PleasesayitinEnglish.speak主要指說某種語言。HecanspeakEnglishwell.talk談?wù)?。talkaboutsth;talkwith/tosbtell告訴,講述。tellsbsth/tellsbtodosth;tellastory;tellaliejoin,takepartin參加jointhearmy/clubtakepartinthesportsmeetingjointhearmy/clubtakepartinthesportsmeetingtakepartin參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)?!緷M分點(diǎn)撥】1.動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的分類英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。⑴主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:ManypeoplespeakEnglishthere.那兒很多人說英語。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如:Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.漢語被很多人說。(Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者)2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的4種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下:時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句-般am/is/are+doneThiskindofcarismadeinChina.這種車是中現(xiàn)在時(shí)國制造的。-般過去時(shí)was/were+doneTheflyingdiskwasinventedbycollegestudents.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。-般will/shall+Thebridgewillbefinishedinamonth.這座橋?qū)頃r(shí)be+done將在一個(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。情態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭制動(dòng)詞be+done造。3.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法(1)圖示(2)口訣:賓變主,主變賓,謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)。(3)變換步驟:將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。注意:如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞,需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛H纾篢omkilledhim.—HewaskilledbyTom湯姆殺了他。將動(dòng)詞改為“be+過去分詞”。注意:be動(dòng)詞與新主語相一致,時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:Theyheldameetingyesterday.—Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday他們昨天開會(huì)了。將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為by…放在謂語動(dòng)詞后。注意:如果原主語是代詞,則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如Hesangasong.—Asongwassungby—him?他唱了一首歌。【方法突破】分析河北近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn),涉及語態(tài)的試題的選項(xiàng)中通常有兩個(gè)主動(dòng)和兩個(gè)被動(dòng),并且有現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過去時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時(shí),可從以下角度入手分析:判斷句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)20202020年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(絕對(duì)精品)讀懂句意,確定主語,判斷主語表示人還是物,主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)主語為人時(shí),需根據(jù)句意及謂語動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語發(fā)出:若為主語發(fā)出,用主動(dòng)語態(tài);若不是主語發(fā)出,用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。物作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)來說,試題主要是讓大家找出謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者,這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷,然后根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語做出正確選擇。確定句子的時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用離不開時(shí)態(tài),所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài),選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。4.常見主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子,多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語不變。如:Jacktoldusthetruth.—WeweretoldthetruthbyJack杰克告訴了我們真相。⑵主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如:hear,see,watch,notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即:hear(see)sb.dosth.—sb.beheard(seen)todosth.如:Weheardthegirlplaythepianointhemusicclassroom.—Thegirlwasheardtoplaythepianointhemusicclassroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如:make,let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即:makesb.dosth.—sb.bemadetodosth.如:Theteachermakeshisstudentsdomuchhomeworkeveryday.—Hisstudentsaremadetodomuchhomeworkbytheteachereveryday那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。5.不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動(dòng)詞,如:look,feel,smell等,以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如:Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。⑵有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義,如:needdoing(需要做某事),beworthdoing(值得做某事)等。如:Yourbedroomisinaterriblemess.Itneedscleaningrightnow你的臥室太亂了,需要馬上清理一下。⑶表示“發(fā)生”的happen或takeplace,無被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Thestoryhappenedonacoldnight?故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的形式,在句中起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用。不能作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。分為動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種??键c(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞不定式(1)構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形,否定式:notto+動(dòng)詞原形(2)用法:常在句中作主語、表語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、目的狀語和定語等。作主語如:TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.=It'sveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell作表語如:Mydreamistobeareporter.作賓語如:Iwanttobeanactor.Ifinditinterestingtoplaybasketball.作賓補(bǔ)如:Theteacheraskedustofinishthehomeworkintime.作目的狀語如:Hewenttheretoseehisuncle.作定語如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?(3)常考詞組和句型:后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的詞有:wouldliketodosth(樂意做某事)wanttodosth(想要做某事)decidetodosth(決定做某事)plantodosth(計(jì)劃做某事)begin/starttodosth(開始做某事)Trytodosth(設(shè)法做某事)pretendtodosth(假裝做某事)hopetodosth(希望做某事)agreetodosth(同意做某事)learntodosth(學(xué)會(huì)做某事)needtodosth(需要做某事)promisetodosth(答應(yīng)做某事)refusetodosth(拒絕做某事)usedtodosth(過去常做某事)Affordtodosth(負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事)②后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的詞有:asksb
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