考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)青年政治學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)青年政治學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

Johnhasagreatvoice,butwiththatcoldhewon't（

）verygoodifhetriestosing.

【答案】

sound

【解析】語(yǔ)法分析。考查系動(dòng)詞。hewon’tverygood是個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞,此處填sound合適。

2.單選題

The______ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.essence

B.texture

C.content

D.threshold

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)essence“本質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)texture“質(zhì)地，手感”；C選項(xiàng)content“內(nèi)容”；D選項(xiàng)threshold“門檻，入口，開始”。根據(jù)thescientificattitude可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意：科學(xué)態(tài)度的本質(zhì)是人類的思維能夠成功地理解宇宙。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

D.H.LawrencewasthefourthchildofArthurLawrenceandLydiaBeardsall,andtheirfirsttohavebeenborninEastwood.Eversincetheirmarriagein1875,thecouplehadbeenonthemove:Arthur’sjobasaminerhadtakenthemwherethebest-paidworkhadbeenduringtheboomyearsofthe1870s,andtheyhadlivedinasuccessionofsmallandrecentlybuiltgrimycollieryvillagesalloverNottinghamshire.ButwhentheymovedtoEastwoodin1883,itwastoaplacewheretheywouldremainfortherestoftheirlives;themoveseemstohavemarkedawatershedintheirearlyhistory.

Foronething,theyweresettlingdown:ArthurLawrencewouldworkatBrinsleycollieryuntilheretiredin1909.Foranother,theynowhadthreesmallchildrenandLydiamayhavewantedtogivethemthekindofcontinuityinschoolingtheyhadneverpreviouslyhad.Itwasalsothecasethat,whentheycametoEastwood,theytookahousewithashopwindow,andLydiaranasmallclothesshop:presumablytosupplementtheirincome,butalsoperhapsbecauseshefeltshecoulddoitinadditiontoraisingtheirchildren.Itseemspossiblethat,gettingonbadlywithherhusbandasshedid,sheimaginedthatfurtherchildrenwereoutofthequestion.Takingontheshopmayhavemarkedherownbidforindependence.Arthur’sparentslivedlessthanamileaway,downinBrinsley,whilehisyoungestbrotherWalterlivedonly100yardsawayfromtheminanothercompanyhouse,inPrincesStreet.WhenthefamilymovedtoEastwood,ArthurLawrencewascomingbacktohisownfamily’scenter:oneofthereasons,forsure,whytheystayedthere.

LydiaLawrenceprobablyfelt,ontheotherhand,moreasifsheweredigginginforasiege.EastwoodmayhavebeenhometoArthurLawrence,buttoLydiaitwasjustanothergrimycollieryvillagewhichsheneverlikedverymuchandwheresheneverfelteithermuchathomeorproperlyaccepted.HerKentaccentdoubtlessmadeMidlandspeoplefeelthatsheputonairs.

56.Thispassageismainlyabouttheintroductionof（）.

57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforD.H.Lawrence’sfamilysettlingdowninEastwood?

58.WhichofthefollowingmightbeanimageofD.H.Lawrence’smotherinotherpeople’smind?

59.Thefamilyhadbeenonthemove,because（）.

60.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.D.H.Lawrence

B.D.H.Lawrence’sparents

C.D.H.LawrenceB.D.H.Lawrence’sparentsC.

D.H.LawrenceB.D.H.Lawrence’sparentsC.D.H.Lawrence’sresidenceD.D.H.Lawrence’sfamilybackgroundandeducation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Childreninthefamilyneededconsistenteducation.

B.D.H.Lawrence’sfathercouldbeneartohisfamilymembers.

C.D.H.Lawrence’sfathercouldbeneartohisfamilymembers.C.

D.H.Lawrence’sfathercouldbeneartohisfamilymembers.C.D.H.Lawrence’smothercouldseekforherindependence.D.D.H.Lawrencecouldaccumulateenoughmaterialstowriteaboutinhisnovels.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Amotherwhowasquiteamiable.

B.Awifewhowasconsiderate.

C.Anarrogantwoman.

D.Afaithfulwife.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadtostaywiththefatherwhohadtogoeverywheretofindajobindepression

B.thefathercouldfindbetter-paidjobsintheprosperityofeconomy

C.thefatherwantedtobenearwithhisownhome

D.themotheralwayswantedtochangethelocationoftheirhouse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TherelationshipbetweenD.H.Lawrence’sparentsmaynotbesogood.

B.D.H.Lawrence’smotherwasawomanofstrongwill.

C.D.H.Lawrence’sparentsmaynotbesogood.B.D.H.Lawrence’smotherwasawomanofstrongwill.C.

D.H.Lawrence’sparentsmaynotbesogood.B.D.H.Lawrence’smotherwasawomanofstrongwill.C.D.H.Lawrence’smotherdidnotlikeherhomeatEastwood.D.D.H.Lawrencewasthefirstchildinthefamily

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講了ArthurLawrenceandLydiaBeardsall的生活，他們開始如何不停搬遷，后來(lái)又為何在Eastwood定居。選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)“D.H.勞倫斯的住所”，最貼近原文。A項(xiàng)“D.H.Lawrence”，C項(xiàng)“D.H.Lawrence的父母”和D項(xiàng)“家庭背景”，都不是文章的中心內(nèi)容，所以不選A，C，D。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句Foranother,theynowhadthreesmallchildrenandLydiamayhavewantedtogivethemthekindofcontinuityinschoolingtheyhadneverpreviouslyhad.（另一方面，他們現(xiàn)在有三個(gè)小孩，Lydia可能想讓他們?cè)趯W(xué)校里有以前從未有過(guò)的連續(xù)性教育）可知A項(xiàng)“家里的孩子需要始終如一的教育”是原因；第二段最后一句WhenthefamilymovedtoEastwood,ArthurLawrencewascomingbacktohisownfamiliescenter:Oneofthereasons,forsure,whytheystayedthere.（當(dāng)他們一家搬到伊斯特伍德時(shí)，亞瑟?勞倫斯回到了他自己的家庭中心：當(dāng)然，這也是他們留在那里的原因之一）可知B項(xiàng)“勞倫斯的父親可以離他的家人很近”也是一個(gè)原因；文章第二段提及Lydia開了個(gè)店，并且說(shuō)Takingontheshopmayhavemarkedherownbidforindependence.（對(duì)這家商店的收購(gòu)可能標(biāo)志著她自己爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立）可知C項(xiàng)“勞倫斯的母親可以尋求獨(dú)立”也是一個(gè)原因；D項(xiàng)“D.H.勞倫斯可以積累足夠的寫小說(shuō)的材料”在文章中未提及。

58.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章的最后一句HerKentaccentdoubtlessmadeMidlandspeoplefeelthatsheputonairs.（由于Lydia有口音，所以當(dāng)?shù)厝苏J(rèn)為她裝腔作勢(shì)），故只有C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)傲慢的女人”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“非常和藹可親的母親”，B項(xiàng)“體貼的妻子”，D項(xiàng)“忠實(shí)的妻子”都不是Lydia在其他人心中的形象。

59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三行Arthur’sjobasaminerhadtakenthemwherethebest-paidworkhadbeenduringtheboomyearsofthe1870s.（在19世紀(jì)80年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，Arthur不停換地工作是因?yàn)樗诓煌５膶ふ掖鲎詈玫牡胤焦ぷ鳎?，由于他換地方工作，整個(gè)家庭也就跟著他不停搬遷。B項(xiàng)“在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，父親可以找到報(bào)酬更高的工作”符合文章原意。A項(xiàng)“他們不得不和父親呆在一起，因?yàn)楦赣H在大蕭條時(shí)要到處找工作”，在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“父親想靠近自己的家”和D項(xiàng)“母親總是想改變他們房子的位置”在文中未體現(xiàn)。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句D.H.Lawrencewasthefourthchild…（勞倫斯第四個(gè)孩子）可知?jiǎng)趥愃故沁@個(gè)家庭的第四個(gè)孩子，所以D項(xiàng)“勞倫斯是家里的第一個(gè)孩子”錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)“勞倫斯父母之間的關(guān)系可能不太好”，B項(xiàng)“勞倫斯的母親是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的女人”，C項(xiàng)“勞倫斯的母親不喜歡她在伊斯特伍德的家”，在文中均未體現(xiàn)。

4.單選題

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)retire“退休；離開；收回”；B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)desert“遺棄；放棄；逃跑”；D選項(xiàng)resign“辭去職務(wù)；放棄；委托；使聽從”。句意：在與委員會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多分歧后，這位無(wú)助的主席辭去了自己的職務(wù)。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof______standards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.equivalent（價(jià)值、數(shù)量、意義、重要性等）相等的，相同的B.alike相像；十分相似

C.uniform一致的；統(tǒng)一的D.likely可能的；預(yù)料的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子可知，mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotels（大多數(shù)小旅館比酒店便宜）用到了比較級(jí)，而比較通常是在同等的條件下進(jìn)行，所以空格處應(yīng)該表示“相同的”，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】盡管他們的服務(wù)很好，大多數(shù)小旅館比同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的酒店便宜。

6.單選題

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:considerable“相當(dāng)大的”；B:valuable“有價(jià)值的”；C:important“重要的”；D:extensive“廣闊的；廣大的”。句意：當(dāng)ETS的工作人員決定特納的行動(dòng)是否合理的時(shí)候，當(dāng)時(shí)似乎沒有什么后果的事實(shí)可能之后會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的意義。本處表示“xxx的意義”，修飾名詞significance意義。因此A符合題意。

7.單選題

Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.Thetraditionalintentofacraftlikeceramicsistoserveautilitarianfunctionanditsabilitytoactinthiscapacityisessentiallydependentupontheskillofproperlyshapingavesseltocorrespondtoitstask,soneitheritsexactmannerofconstruction(byhandorwheel,coilorslab)northesignificanceofimageryglazedonitssurfacechangesitsprimaryrole“tocontain”,thoughitmayaddtoitsvalue.Whileceramicistsmustthinkandconstructartaccordingtocertainpatternsofutilitarianform,followingaprototypalmodelthatrelatestotheartwork’spurpose,finearthasnosuchrequirement.

Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.AnexaminationofthisapparentinconsistencyrevealsboththeGreek’shighregardforaestheticsandtheexplanationthatfineartistsusuallycreatedthepaintingsonthevasesmadebypotters.ThoughGreekvasepaintingdiffersgreatlyfromtheworkofmodernartistPabloPicasso,hetoopaintedonceramicobjectsmadebyothers.Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms,itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.

Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.Frequently,artthatservesadecorativefunctionisconfusedwithbothutilitarianandfineartbecauseofitssimilarappearance,butthefunctionofdecorativeartistheformitself,itisnotcompelledtofulfilleitherautilitariantaskoraddressconceptsthatexemplifyitshistoricperiod.Communicationwouldappearredundantiffineartists,likeutilitariananddecorativeartists,weretoproduceunlimitednumbersofthesameobject.Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.Therefore,archaeologistsshouldbeawarethatanartifactproducedinanywaybyformulaisnotfineart.Thefineartist’sprocessiscontinuousfromthemomentofconceptionuntilapieceiscomplete,andthuseverythingisthoughtofintermsofcontext,sothat,asageneralguide,archaeologistsshouldconsidernomarkwithinaworkunimportantandonlydefineitsmeaninginrelationtothewholepiece.

36.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,the"earliervases"mentionedinthesecondparagraphconstitutewhichofthefollowing?

38.Accordingtothepassage,theformwhichfinearttakesatanygivenhistoricalmomentisoftendictatedby（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'sviewoftheargumentthatfineartmaybedistinguishedasacategorybyitsphysicalform?

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfineartsproductionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguishingmutuallyexclusivecategories

B.clarifyinganapparentcontradiction

C.supportingnewideas

D.analyzingaproblem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theproductofmixedmediaart,involvinghybridforms.

B.Acaseofprimarilyutilitarianartbeingputtodecorativepurposes.

C.Utilitarianartwhosemakersweresolelyconcernedwithfunctionality.

D.Fineart,whoseprimarypurposeistoconveyaestheticmeaning.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelevelofcontinuityintheartist’sthinkingprocess

B.theconceptswhichexemplifythehistoricalperiodofitscreation

C.thetechnologyavailabletotheartistatthetimetheartpieceiscreated

D.thelevelofskillwhichtheartistbringstotheartwork

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Outrightapproval.

B.Skepticism.

C.Neutrality.

D.Indignation.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thebestfineartisinsomecasesproducedbyformula,resultinginmassquantitiesofasingleobject.

B.Onceanartistcreatesawork,thereisusuallylittlebenefitinhisduplicatingit,asithasalreadyconveyeditsmeaning.

C.Inaestheticterms,fineartisoftenconsideredsuperiortodecorativeart,whosebeautyislimitedbyfunctionality.

D.Atthepresenthistoricalmoment,hightechnologylikeelectronicsseldomplaysaroleinartsotherthanfinearts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】36.主旨大意。原文第一段第一句提到Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.（為了便于進(jìn)入美術(shù)思維，避免在基本方面被誤導(dǎo)，考古學(xué)家必須理解定義和管理每一個(gè)藝術(shù)類別的原則，無(wú)論是實(shí)用主義的、精細(xì)的還是裝飾性的。），說(shuō)明作者在分析一個(gè)問題。從而得出本題答案。

37.細(xì)節(jié)推斷。根據(jù)題干“earliervases”定位到原文第二段第一句Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.（優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家經(jīng)常使用混合或新媒介的作品，以希臘古時(shí)期的花瓶為例，這是早期花瓶范式的一種反常，因?yàn)楹笃诘幕ㄆ坎粌H具有“容納”的作用，而且還具有傳達(dá)思想的作用。）分析第一句可知earliervases指代前文的“mixedornewmedia”,從而得出本題答案。

38.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fineart”定位到原文第二段最后一句Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms，itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.（對(duì)比古代美術(shù)形式，如繪畫、石雕或金屬雕塑，與當(dāng)代美術(shù)形式，如計(jì)算機(jī)藝術(shù)、視頻圖像和全息圖，可以看到，隨著文化的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變，其變化可見于美術(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。）根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)“technology”,“visible”“thestructuralforms”即可得出本題答案。

39.

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，根據(jù)原文作者論述的語(yǔ)調(diào)和原文最后一段第一句Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.（同時(shí)，藝術(shù)的變化表明其職責(zé)反映和創(chuàng)造新的文化的認(rèn)知，但形式本身是不足以對(duì)象為藝術(shù)類別進(jìn)行分類。）中“insufficient”可知作者的態(tài)度是skepticism，從而得出本題答案。

40.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)原文最后一段第四句Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.（一旦一個(gè)想法被文化所吸收，就沒有必要再去討論它，除非藝術(shù)家們能更清晰地定義或重新定義它。）中的信息點(diǎn)“anideaisassimilated,nolongeraneed”“clearlydefiningorredefiningit”，即可得出本題答案。

8.單選題

InmostearthquakestheEarth'scrustcrackslikeporcelain.Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatadepthofafewkilometersandthecrustslipstorelievethestress.Someearthquakes,however,takeplacehundredsofkilometersdownintheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductilethatitflowsinsteadofcracking,evenunderstresssevereenoughtodeformitlikeputty.Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths?

Thatsuchdeepeventsdooccurhasbeenacceptedonlysince1927,whentheseismologistKiyooWadaticonvincinglydemonstratedtheirexistence.Insteadofcomparingthearrivaltimesofseismicwavesatdifferentlocations,asearlierresearchershaddone,Wadatireliedonatimedifferencebetweenthearrivalofprimary(P)wavesandtheslowersecondary(S)waves.BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.

Formostearthquakes,Wadatidiscovered,theintervalwasquiteshortneartheepicenter,thepointonthesurfacewhereshakingisstrongest.Forafewevents,however,thedelaywaslongevenattheepicenterWadatisawasimilarpatternwhenheanalyzeddataontheintensityofshaking.Mostearthquakeshadasmallareaofintenseshaking,whichweakenedrapidlywithincreasingdistancefromtheepicenter,butotherswerecharacterizedbyalowerpeakintensity,feltoverabroaderarea.BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown

Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati'sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-Benioffzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Informationpresentedinthepassagesuggeststhat,comparedwithseismicactivityattheepicenterofashallowevent,seismicactivityattheepicenterofadeepeventischaracterizedby

（

）.

3.ThemethodusedbyWadatitodeterminethedepthsofearthquakesismostlikewhichofthefollowing?

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentheepicenterandthefocusofanearthquake?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratingwhythemethodsofearlyseismologistswereflawed

B.arguingthatdeepeventsarepoorlyunderstoodanddeservefurtherstudy

C.defendingarevolutionarytheoryaboutthecausesofearthquakesandmethodsofpredictingthem

D.discussingtheevidencefortheexistenceofdeepeventsandtheconditionsthatallowthemtooccur

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shorterP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

B.shorterP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

C.longerP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

D.longerP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Determiningthedistancefromathunderstormbythingtheintervalbetweentheflashofalightningboltandthunderitproduces

B.Determiningtheheightofamountainbymeasuringtheshadowitcastsatdifferenttimesoftheday.

C.Determiningthedepthofawellbydroppingstonesintowellandtiminghowlongtheytaketoreachthebottom.

D.Determiningthedistancebetweentwopointsbycountingthenumberofpacesiftakestocoverthedistanceandmeasuringasinglepace.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.PwavesoriginateatthefocusandSwavesoriginateattheepicenter

B.Indeepeventstheepicenterandthefocusarereversed.

C.Inshalloweventstheepicenterandthefocuscoincide.

D.Inbothdeepandshalloweventsthefocusliesbeneaththeepicenter

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目是問文章主要是關(guān)于什么的。通過(guò)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是向讀者介紹deepevents的知識(shí)。Wadati通過(guò)對(duì)Pwaves與Swaves的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)deepevents的存在。不同類型的地震其P-Sintervals是不同的，因此有了shallowevents與deepevents的區(qū)別。文章也告訴了讀者deepevents是如何發(fā)生的。所以D選項(xiàng)‘討論深層事件存在的證據(jù)以及允許它們發(fā)生的條件’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.由于P波和S波以不同但相當(dāng)恒定的速度傳播，它們到達(dá)的間隔與震源或破裂點(diǎn)的距離成正比?！币约暗谌巫詈笠痪洹癇oththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.P-S間隔和強(qiáng)度模式都表明有兩種地震：一種是更常見的淺層地震，震源就在震中下方;另一種是震源在幾百公里以下的深層地震”可知與地震活動(dòng)在一個(gè)淺的中心事件,地震活動(dòng)的中心事件的特點(diǎn)是‘通過(guò)更接的縱橫間隔波和更高的峰值強(qiáng)度表現(xiàn)的’，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問Wadati用來(lái)確定地震深度的方法最像下列哪一種？distant用詞不準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)原文“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeedstheintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus(earthquakefocus-orrupturepoint.因?yàn)镻波和S波以不同但相當(dāng)恒定的速度傳播，它們到達(dá)的距離與震源(震源或破裂點(diǎn))的距離成正比。所以，只要地震的S波在P波之后很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才到達(dá)一個(gè)給定的位置肯定是真的，所以A選項(xiàng)‘用閃電與雷暴之間的間隔來(lái)確定雷暴與雷暴之間的距離’符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問文章支持下列哪一個(gè)陳述關(guān)于中心和地震的集點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段“Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati’sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-BeniofFzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.問題依然存在:考慮到50公里以上深處的地幔巖石韌性太強(qiáng)，無(wú)法儲(chǔ)存足夠的應(yīng)力而導(dǎo)致斷裂，這樣的地震怎么會(huì)發(fā)生呢?Wadati的工作表明，深部事件發(fā)生在一個(gè)地殼板塊被壓在另一個(gè)地殼板塊下并進(jìn)入地幔的區(qū)域(現(xiàn)在稱為Wadati-Benioff帶)。下降的巖石比周圍的地幔要冷得多，因此韌性較差，更容易斷裂。”可知D‘無(wú)論是深地震還是淺地震，震源都位于震中下方’選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們可以知道什么？錄音開始不久便提到，一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了晴雪天氣對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為的影響，C選項(xiàng)“天氣條件影響消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買行為”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者想象他們?cè)诓煌鞖庀碌幕顒?dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的心理狀態(tài)隨著商品價(jià)格的變化而變化”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。B選項(xiàng)“好的天氣引發(fā)消費(fèi)者購(gòu)物的欲望”，錄音中只是表明晴雪天氣會(huì)觸發(fā)消費(fèi)者將這些天氣與產(chǎn)品的使用聯(lián)想在一起，而這樣的聯(lián)想會(huì)增加產(chǎn)品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值，也就是說(shuō)，他們?cè)敢鉃檫@些產(chǎn)品支付更多的錢。這表明他們?cè)敢饣ǜ叩膬r(jià)格來(lái)購(gòu)買東西，并不是說(shuō)好天氣引發(fā)購(gòu)物欲，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，什么可以增加產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。錄音中提及晴雪天氣會(huì)促使消費(fèi)者想象與這些天氣相關(guān)的商品使用情景，從而增加商品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值，并以沙灘毛巾為例具體說(shuō)明。因此，B選項(xiàng)“大腦想象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“直接關(guān)聯(lián)”利用correlation作干擾，消費(fèi)者通過(guò)天氣聯(lián)想商品使用的場(chǎng)景，然后想象的畫面使得商品增值，這是間接的關(guān)聯(lián)，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人關(guān)聯(lián)”，新研究揭示的是一般消費(fèi)者的普遍行為，并沒有針對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)行研究，因此不正確；D選項(xiàng)“主動(dòng)消費(fèi)”，錄音中并沒有表明消費(fèi)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

11.Howcanthefindingsofthenewstudybenefitonlinesellers,accordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問研究人員認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以怎樣使網(wǎng)上賣家受益？錄音結(jié)尾處提及，研究人員認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上賣家在決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格時(shí)，如果能把更多的天氣信息納入考慮，會(huì)有助于做出更明智的決定，從而促進(jìn)銷售。因此，D選項(xiàng)“幫助他們決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助他們宣傳更多種類的產(chǎn)品”，錄音中并沒有提及“advertise（宣傳）”這一信息，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“使他們能以更高的價(jià)格銷售產(chǎn)品”，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)跟某些天氣條件有正相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品可以在消費(fèi)者心中增值，從而使他們?cè)敢庵Ц陡嗟腻X，但并非所有商品都有這些效應(yīng)，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“使他們能夠簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式”利用mathematicalformulas設(shè)置干擾，錄音只提及網(wǎng)上賣家用復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)公式去幫助做銷售決策，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助他們更好地做決策，但沒說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式，因此C選項(xiàng)也不正確。

10.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在北美哪里可以找到許多最好的恐龍標(biāo)本？錄音中提到，如今可以在美國(guó)和加拿大一些大城市的自然歷史博物館里看到許多最好的標(biāo)本，因此D選項(xiàng)“大城市的自然歷史博物館”與錄音原文一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“地勢(shì)低洼的科羅拉多河沿岸”；B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家恐龍紀(jì)念遺址”；錄音開頭提到，美國(guó)猶他州和科羅拉多州是恐龍骨骼的發(fā)掘地，如今被稱為DinosaurNationalMonument，并不是標(biāo)本保存的地方，因此A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)均可排除；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)和加拿大的邊界沿線”，錄音中提到了美國(guó)和加拿大，但并未提到邊界，因此不正確。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall