考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)（華東）考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)（華東）考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Iadmirehercourage,compassionand（

）tothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devotion

B.determination

C.opposition

D.realism

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。devotion奉獻(xiàn)，忠誠，熱愛；determination決心，果斷；opposition反對；realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。句意：我欽佩她為了人道，正義與和平所表現(xiàn)出來的勇氣、同情心和奉獻(xiàn)精神。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Anorganizationisonlyasgoodasthepeopleitemploys.Selectingtherightpersonforthejobinvolvesmorethanidentifyingtheessentialordesirablerangeofskills,educationalandprofessionalqualificationsnecessarytoperformthejobandthenrecruiting（招募）thecandidatewhoismostlikelytopossesstheseskillsoratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.Thisisapurelyperson/skillsmatchapproachtoselection.

Workinvariablytakesplaceinthepresenceand/orunderthedirectionofothers,inaparticularorganizationalsetting.Theindividualhastofitinwiththeworkenvironment,withotheremployees,withtheorganizationalclimate,styleofwork,organizationandcultureoftheorganization.Differentorganizationshavedifferentcultures.WorkingasanengineeratBritishAerospacewillnotnecessarilybeasimilarexperiencetoworkinginthesamecapacityatGECorPlessey.

Poorselectiondecisionsareexpensive.Forexample,thecostsoftrainingapolicemanareabout￡20,000.Thecostsofemployinganunsuitabletechnicianonanoilrig（石油鉆塔）orinanuclearplantcould,inanemergency,resultinmillionsofpoundsofdamageorlossoflife.Thedisharmonyofapoorperson-environmentfitislikelytoresultinlowjobsatisfaction,lackoforganizationalcommitmentandemployeestress,whichaffectorganizationaloutcomes,ductivity,highratesofstaffchangeandabsenteeism,andindividualoutcomesi.e.physical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being.

Howeverdespitetheimportanceoftherecruitmentdecisionandtherangeofsophisticatedandmoreobjectiveselectiontechniqueavailable,includingtheuseofpsychometrictests,assessmentcentersetc.,manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.Intheremainingtime,theinterviewerthenattendsexclusivelytoinformationthatreinforcestheinitial"accept"or"reject"decision.Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlydemonstratedthattheunstructuredinterview,wheretheinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformanceanddoeslittlebetterthanmorecontroversialmethodslikegraphology（筆跡學(xué)）andastrology（占星術(shù)）.

1.Therightpersonforanorganizationshouldnotonlypossessnecessaryskillsforthejobbutalso（）.

2.WrongselectiondecisionswillleadtothefollowingoutcomesEXCEPT（）.

3.（）arethebestmethodtoidentifysuitableemployees.

4.Inanunstructuredinterview,（）willgreatlydeterminetheinterviewer'sfinaldecision.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havetheabilityandinclinationtoacquiretheseskills

B.owneducationalandprofessionalqualifications

C.fitinwiththeorganization'senvironment

D.possesssimilarworkexperience

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.highertrainingcostsperperson

B.greaterdamageorcasualties

C.highjobsatisfaction

D.poorphysical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Psychometrictestsandassessmentcenters

B.Graphologyandastrology

C.Unstructuredinterviews

D.Structuredinterviews

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecandidate'sjobsatisfactionandorganizationalcommitment

B.theimpressionthecandidatemakesinthefirstfewminutes

C.thequestionstheinterviewerhappenstoaskthecandidate

D.thecandidate'scapabilitytocopewithanemergency

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.importanceofemployeeselection

B.futuretrendsinemployeeselection

C.bestmethodsofemployeeselection

D.popularmythsinemployeeselection

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...oratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.”或者至少被認(rèn)為有能力和意愿獲得它們。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，D在本段均有提及且正確，只有選項(xiàng)C不符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根最后一段第一句“...manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.”許多組織仍然準(zhǔn)備在30到45分鐘的無組織面試的基礎(chǔ)上做出這個(gè)決定。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.”事實(shí)上，研究表明，選擇通常是在面試的前四分鐘內(nèi)做出的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.全文主旨題。本文主要介紹了應(yīng)該選拔什么樣的人才,錯誤的選拔會產(chǎn)生的后果以及選拔人才的方法,都是為人才選拔的重要性這一主題服務(wù)的。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不確定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能夠理解教授演講的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)橹黝}非?；逎?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theygood-natured,co-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.dewaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumber).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytocatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemaleCapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,arcguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecie.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（

）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat（

）.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausethey

（

）.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

（

）.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearcher’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到每個(gè)人都希望加薪，但是當(dāng)知曉別人加的工資比自己要多時(shí)愉悅感消失殆盡（Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone）。隨后又提到這種心理在猴子中也存在（suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell）?？芍诖颂幾髡呤菍⑷祟惻c猴子進(jìn)行對比，因此選項(xiàng)C“做比較”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“第一段最后一句‘猴之常情’暗示著什么”。第一段提到當(dāng)人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)比自己加薪多的人消極怠工時(shí)，會感到憤怒（Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged），這種行為被認(rèn)為是“人之常情”（alltooman），在猴子的世界里也是如此，說明猴子看到不公平的事情時(shí)也會憤怒，這是天性。因此，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到跟人類女性一樣，它們比雄性更關(guān)注“品質(zhì)與服務(wù)”的價(jià)值（Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales），這也是它們成為研究對象的原因。因此，選項(xiàng)A“更傾向于它們得到了什么”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第二句話提到穩(wěn)定合作只有在它們覺得自己沒被欺騙才會出現(xiàn)（Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated），所以選項(xiàng)C“當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)被欺騙這種合作會破裂”符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到這種公平感是卷尾猴和人類各自演化而來還是來自3500萬年前他們共同的祖先，這個(gè)問題暫時(shí)還沒有答案（However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.填空題

“TheIAEAshouldpositivelyclarifyrelevantproblemsbycooperatingwithIraninafairand_______manner”and“IranshouldbeflexibleandsincerewhencooperatingwiththeIAEA,”Xinhuareported,citingHong.(person)

【答案】impersonal

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的and，可知fair和橫線處表示并列，所以橫線處應(yīng)為形容詞，并且意思和fair對應(yīng)，impersonal意思為“非指個(gè)人的，客觀的”，符合語境。

【句意】新華社援引洪磊的話說：“國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該以公平、客觀的方式與伊朗合作，積極澄清有關(guān)問題。伊朗在與國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)合作時(shí)，應(yīng)該靈活、真誠?！?/p>

6.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenfineart.MaximeBocher,eminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningoflastcentury,wrote,“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.

“Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.”

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmustshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii(半徑),chords,sectors,tangents(切線),diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegusto(愛好，興趣)ashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,norevenparalleled,andIwouldmakeboldtosay,notevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse.

Inmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.First,letusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverse.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,sayShelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththineheirtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwanderourcity,andsea,andland;touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerornarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbers,forexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathataisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoets’symbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.

2.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numericalskills.

B.Creation.

C.Imagination.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.numberstosignifybeauty

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.poemsasakindofsymbols

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.數(shù)學(xué)家的活動和藝術(shù)家的活動之間的相似之處是____。

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworldA.兩者都受外部世界的控制

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworldB.兩者都類似于世界的感覺

C.botharenotfancifulbutrealC.兩者都不是幻想的，而是真實(shí)的

D.bothinvolveconstantcreatingD.兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞similarity和theactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartists定位到原文第1段第4句，后半句提到“數(shù)學(xué)家的活動（theactivityofthemathematician），雖然不受外部感官世界的控制，卻需要不斷地創(chuàng)造（constantlycreating），這與藝術(shù)家的活動（totheactivitiesoftheartist），比如說畫家的活動，有相似之處（bearsaresemblance），我相信這不是幻想的，而是真實(shí)的?！庇纱丝芍?，數(shù)學(xué)家的活動和藝術(shù)家的活動之間的相似之處在于兩者都需要不斷創(chuàng)造。因此，D選項(xiàng)“兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“兩者都受外部世界的控制”，原文提到數(shù)學(xué)家的活動“不受外部感官世界的控制（notcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses）”，該選項(xiàng)表述錯誤；

B選項(xiàng)“兩者都類似于世界的感覺”，原文只提到了“外部感官世界（theexternalworldofthesenses）”，并沒有提到所謂“世界的感覺（thesensesoftheworld）”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“兩者都不是幻想的，而是真實(shí)的”，原文作者是說數(shù)學(xué)家與藝術(shù)家之間的相似性不是幻想的而是真實(shí)的，并不是說數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家的活動，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?在作者看來，成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家最重要的要素是什么？

A.Numericalskills.A.數(shù)學(xué)技巧。

B.Creation.B.創(chuàng)造力。

C.Imagination.C.想象力。

D.Senseofbeauty.D.美感。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞makesagoodartistormathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“還有一些更微妙的品質(zhì)，其中最主要的就是想象力（chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination），這些品質(zhì)有助于成為優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家（themakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或畫家，最重要的是C選項(xiàng)“想象力”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)技巧”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，該句提到“然而，這些品質(zhì)，盡管是最基本的，卻不能使一個(gè)畫家或數(shù)學(xué)家名符其實(shí)，它們也不是最重要的因素?！庇纱丝芍?，上一段提到的品質(zhì)，如一些技巧（acertainamountofskill）和精確的推理能力（thepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint），并不能使他們被稱之為好的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家。該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力”，原文并未提及；

D選項(xiàng)“美感”，原文并未提及。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?數(shù)學(xué)家是怎樣和詩人一樣展現(xiàn)美的？

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.A.數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式。

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.B.數(shù)學(xué)家們愿意不遺余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅。

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.C.數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式安排得對稱。

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.D.數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫成韻文。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞exhibitthesameelementsofbeauty定位到原文第5段第一句，該句提到“在許多方面，數(shù)學(xué)展現(xiàn)出的美與一般公認(rèn)的詩歌的本質(zhì)相同（exhibitsthesameelementsofbeauty）?！钡?句后半句提到“詩人把他的作品按韻文排列在書頁上”，第3句提到“他的詩在進(jìn)入耳朵或思想之前，首先是視覺的（appealstotheeye）”；緊接著提到“類似地（similarly），數(shù)學(xué)家排列他的公式和方程式（linesuphisformulasandequations），以便它們的形式可以產(chǎn)生美學(xué)印象（sothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression）?！庇纱丝芍?，詩人把他的作品按韻文排列在書頁上，產(chǎn)生視覺上的美感，而數(shù)學(xué)家也通過排列公式和方程式產(chǎn)生同樣的美感，A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們愿意不遺余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅”，原文沒有提到“證明（proofs）”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式排列得對稱”，原文沒有提到“對稱（symmetry）”，但是提到了數(shù)學(xué)家會排列他們的公式和方程式，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫成韻文”，原文是說詩人會把他們寫的作品按韻文排列，而數(shù)學(xué)家也會排列他們的公式和方程式，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.詩歌優(yōu)于其他表達(dá)形式，因?yàn)樗腳___。

A.unusualdictionA.不尋常的措辭

B.imaginativeexpressionB.富有想象力的表達(dá)

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwordsC.象征、詞語的凝練和簡潔

D.condensationandimaginativedictionD.凝練和富有想象力的措辭

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Poetry和superiortootherforms定位到原文第6段第1句，該句提到“詩歌相對于其他語言表達(dá)形式的優(yōu)勢，首先在于詩歌中使用的象征主義（firstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry），其次在于文字的極端濃縮和精簡（extremecondensationandeconomyofwords）?！庇纱丝芍?，C選項(xiàng)“象征、詞語的凝練和簡潔”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“不尋常的措辭”、B選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的表達(dá)”、D選項(xiàng)“凝練和富有想象力的措辭”，均不符合原文表述，屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.就像詩人一樣，數(shù)學(xué)家也會____。

A.numberstosignifybeautyA.使用數(shù)字代表美麗

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparisonB.為了比較而使用的符號

C.poemsasakindpfsymbolsC.使用詩歌作為一種象征

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentrationD.為了凝練和集中而使用符號

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Justlikepoets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“數(shù)學(xué)家所做的事情和詩人所做的完全一樣?！北径巫詈笠痪涮岬健斑@些符號，就像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號一樣（mathematicalsymbols），也像詩人的符號一樣（likethepoets’symbols），是一種凝練的、集中的方式（acondensed,concentratedwayof），用來表述由簡單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系組成的長而復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)鏈?！庇纱丝芍?，數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家都會使用符號，因?yàn)檫@是一種凝練而集中的表達(dá)方式，D選項(xiàng)“為了凝練和集中而使用符號”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“使用數(shù)字代表美麗”，這不是數(shù)學(xué)家與詩人相同的地方，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“為了比較而使用的符號”，數(shù)學(xué)家使用符合不是為了比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“使用詩歌作為一種象征”，數(shù)學(xué)家不是用詩歌來表示象征，而是使用字母（inalgebrathataisanumber），該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

7.單選題

Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow________muchoftheirfood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliver

B.import

C.produce

D.develop

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。deliver“交付，遞送”；import“輸入，進(jìn)口”；produce“生產(chǎn)，引起”；develop“發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”。句意：由于島上的土壤多年來一直貧瘠，當(dāng)?shù)厝爽F(xiàn)在必須進(jìn)口大多數(shù)食物。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thesergeantlookedsharplyintotheeyesoftheconscriptsstandingbeforehimandsnapped,‘‘（

）thesamemistakeagain!”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.don'tyoumake

B.Donotyoumake

C.Younotmake

D.Makeyounot

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。在否定的祈使句中可以帶出主語，這種情況下否定結(jié)構(gòu)只能用don't,不用donot。句意：中士眼神犀利地看著站在他面前的士兵說道：“不要再犯同樣的錯誤！”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial.

Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis,andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer,andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A2008studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.

Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1lb.ofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.

Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalfasquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,alotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.

Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.

1.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothebookATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?

3.Whydoestheauthorsayreducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisenvironmentallybeneficial?

4.Whatistheattitudetheauthorhastowardeatingmeat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.

B.Therearefewerlivestockavailableduetotheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Theconsumptionofmeatwillleadtofinancialproblem.

D.Beingavegetarianisbeneficialtotheprotectionofwater

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.

B.Ameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients.

C.Proteinscanbefoundinalmosteveryfood.

D.Morethan80%ofthecorninU.S.arefedtolivestock.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.

B.Alotoffoodandwaterareconsumedinordertoraiselivestock.

C.90%ofanimalsareraisedinconfinement.

D.Raisinganimalscausesmostofthedestructionofthenature.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantageofEatingLessMeat.

B.WhyPeopleBecomeVegetarian?

C.EnvironmentalProtectionandMeatlessDiet.

D.SaveChickens,SaveBirds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.（許多人成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得吃動物是不道德的）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們覺得吃動物是不道德的”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood（根據(jù)JudyKrizmanic的《青少年素食指南》，幾乎每種食物都含有蛋白質(zhì)）可知C選項(xiàng)“蛋白質(zhì)幾乎可以在每種食物中找到”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;（美國80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麥用于飼養(yǎng)牲畜。單是世界上的牛就消耗了足夠的食物，足以滿足87億人的熱量需求。美國一半的用水也用于牲畜）可知飼養(yǎng)牲畜需要消耗大量的食物與水，如果人們減少食肉，那么所需種植食物的土地資源和水資源會減少，將有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)，因此選B。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.（吃動物在很多方面都是有害的）可知作者對吃肉持反對態(tài)度，因此選B。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出減少食肉對環(huán)境和道德都是有益的；第二段介紹了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系統(tǒng)弱；第三段介紹了飼養(yǎng)牲畜消耗了大量的食物與水，如果少食肉，那么可用的食物量就會增大；第三段介紹了許多人成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得吃動物是不道德的；最后一段總結(jié)概括消耗更少的肉有益于動物的健康、人們的健康以及世界的健康。因此A選項(xiàng)“少食肉的好處”符合題意。1

10.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“描述，描寫”；B選項(xiàng)“呼吁，提倡”；C選項(xiàng)“批評”；D選項(xiàng)“分析”；題干中portray“描述，描畫”，句意：他聲稱，如今的廣告傾向于塑造女性扮演傳統(tǒng)角色，比如做飯或照顧孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Airplaneandtelevisionareamongthe（）ofscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.masks

B.martyrs

C.marvels

D.marrow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:飛機(jī)和電視都是科學(xué)的奇跡。

考查名詞辨析。mask面具，口罩；martyr烈士;marvel奇跡；marrow骨髓，精華。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.翻譯題

很多情況下人們談話時(shí)，總是爭著表現(xiàn)自己，這類交談對雙方鮮有裨益。當(dāng)人們談話時(shí)，不要花時(shí)間思考你接著要說什么，而要設(shè)法搞懂他們說的是什么，什么樣的經(jīng)歷才使他們說了那些話，你從那些話中能學(xué)到什么，你對說那些話的