考研考博-英語-云南師范大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therecentdebateonacidrainisagainsettingenvironmentalistheadtoheadagainstindustry.Butthistime,acuriousphilosophyhasemergedinWashingtonthatsaysthemoreweknowaboutaproblem,themoreuncertaintyisintroducedandthemoreitneedstobestudied.Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.

Researchersgenerallyagreethatacidrainarisesprimarilyfromtheburningofcoalandoil.Theemissionscontainoxidesofnitrogenandsulfur,whichcanbecarriedhundredsofmilesontheprevailingwesterlywinds.Theyeventuallyreturntoearthasdrygasesandparticulatesandreactwithgroundwaterstoformnitricorsulfuricacid.Theymayalsobeconvertedtotheacidsintheatmospherebychemicalprocessesthatarestillnotfullyunderstood.

However,theacidsareformed,theyhavealreadybeenchargedwithasubstantiallistofdamages.Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.Otherformsofdamagearefarmoreinsidiousandlonger-lasting.Thereisevidence,forexample,thattheacidsleachheavymetals—aluminum,lead,andmercury—fromthesoil,whichthenpoisonplantrootsanddeprivethemofvitalnutrients.Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.

Theeffectsofacidrainaremoresevereintheeasternpartofthecountryfortworeasons.First,mostcoalburningoccursinOhio,Illinois,andIndiana,accordingtoEvilleGorham,professorofecologyandbotanyattheUniversityofMinnesotaandamodernpioneerinthestudyofacidrain.ThesestatesproduceaboutaquarterofallU.S.oxideemissions,hetoldthisyear’sAmericanChemicalSocietymeetinginLasVegasandtheairborneparticulatestendtowindupintheNortheast.

ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.Together,thesefactorsexplainwhatGorhamcallsa“poolofacidairpollution”overtheNortheastthatisstronglysuspectedofhavingkilledorinjuredaquaticlifeinmorethan200lakesinNewYork’sAdirondackregion.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acidrain（

）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthat

（

）.

3.ThedamagingeffectsofacidrainarefeltlessintheWestbecause

（

）.

4.TheLEASTseriousproblemcausedbyacidrainisthe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leadstobirthdefectsinfish

B.ishallucinogenic

C.travelsinawesterlydirection

D.addsmineralstothesoil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.legislatorsarephilosophical

B.bureaucratsseeminglypreferdiscussiontoaction

C.awarenessofaproblemisfutile

D.acidrainisadebatablephenomenon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.elementsinwesternsoilneutralizetheacid

B.thewesternstatesproduceone-fourthofallAmericanemissionsofsulfuroxides

C.theAdirondackregionisinupstateNewYork

D.easternsoilisrichinmagnesium

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.leachingofheavymetalsfromthesoil

B.alterationofbloodchemistryinfish

C.poisoningofplantroots

D.corrosionofmetalstructures

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.在湖泊和河流中，這種酸會改變魚類的血液化學(xué)成分。與此同時，這些金屬對某些物種的鰓系統(tǒng)造成了不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的損害，如鱸魚和海參。隨著毒素濃度的增加，卵孵化減少，畸形胚胎的數(shù)量增加。”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.因此，我們比以往任何時候知道更多關(guān)于酸雨及其影響，這似乎是一個前所未有的監(jiān)管解決方案?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位最后一段中“ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.第二個原因是北美土壤的化學(xué)組成不同，西方土壤相對豐富的鎂和鈣碳酸鹽中和化合物，但東部粗糙、淺層土壤的這種緩沖能力要小得多?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)西部土壤中的元素中和了這種酸正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中“Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.（酸雨）對金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的腐蝕在該國（美國）迎風(fēng)的地區(qū)是顯而易見的，不過該腐蝕所帶來的損害在酸雨所帶來的損害名單上卻是相對較小的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Theideaofdeath,thefearofit,hauntsthehumananimallikenothingelse,”wroteErnestBeckerinhisbook.Butwedon’tneedtoworrysomuch,accordingtonewresearchcomparingourperceptionofwhatit’sliketodiewiththeaccountsfrompeoplefacingimminentdeath.Researchersanalyzedthewritingsofregularbloggerswitheitherterminalcancerwhoalldiedoverthecourseofthestudy,andcomparedittoblogpostswrittenbyagroupofparticipantswhoweretoldtoimaginetheyhadbeendiagnosedwithterminalcancerandhadonlyafewmonthstolive.Theylookedforgeneralfeelingsofpositivityandnegativity,andwordsdescribingpositiveandnegativeemotionsincludinghappiness,fearandterror.Blogpostsfromtheterminallyillwerefoundtohaveconsiderablymorepositivewordsandfewernegativeonesthanthoseimaginingtheyweredying—andtheiruseofpositivelanguageincreasedastheygotclosertodeath.

LisaIverach,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSydney,explainedthatthestudyhighlightshowtheparticipantsmayhavebeenlessnegativebecausethemysteryarounddeathwasremoved.“Individualsfacingimminentdeathhavehadmoretimetoprocesstheideaofdeathanddying,andtherefore,maybemoreacceptingoftheinevitabilityofdeath.”Butnotallofuswillknowhow,orwhen,we’regoingtodieinadvance,andthereforewillmissoutonanybenefitstobehadbyuncoveringitsuncertainty.

HaviCarel,ProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofBristol,agreeswiththestudy’sfindingsonhowadaptableweare.“Theinitialshockafterreceivingapoorprognosisishorrific,butaftermonthsoryearsoflivingwiththisknowledge,thedreadsubsides,”shesaid.However,Carelalsopointedoutthatthere’sanimportantdistinctionbetweenpositiveresponsesandpleasantness,andthattherearesomeunpleasantandpainfuleventswe’dstillbepositiveabout,suchaschildbirth.

InWesternculture,wetendtopretenddeathdoesn’texist,whereasresearchhasindicatedthattheEastAsianyinandyangphilosophyofdeath—wherelifecan’texistwithoutdeath—allowsindividualstousedeathasaremindertoenjoylife.“IthinktheUKandtheUSaredeath-denyingcultures,inthatdeathismostlyavoidedasatopic.”Heflicksaid.“Whileavoidingtalkingaboutdeathcanreducediscomfortintheshortterm,itprobablymakesmostofusmuchmoreanxiousaboutdeathinthelongterm.”

36.AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.

37.Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.

38.AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.

39.AccordingtoHaviCarel,thepositivefeelingandunpleasantfeeling________.

40.InAsianculture,peopletakedeathassomething________.

41.PeopleinWesternculturesavoidtalkingaboutdeathbecause________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeath

B.regarddeathasanadventure

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeath

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aremorethoughtful

B.aremorepositive

C.morefrightened

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeath

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulminds

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamily

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfully

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aredifficultforpeopletodistinguish

B.areeasyforpeopletogetusedto

C.maybeunderstoodbetterbywomen

D.couldbeexperiencedatthesametime

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.deniable

C.toremindpeopletotreasuretheirlife

D.tobedealtwithmoreseriously

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.theywanttoreducetheiranxiety

B.theyenjoyeverydayoftheirlives

C.theyvaluethepresentmorethanthefuture

D.theyprefertoprocesstheideaindividually

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.根據(jù)歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾的說法，人們通常________。

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeathA.對死亡有不同的感受

B.regarddeathasanadventureB.視死亡為一種冒險

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeathC.對死亡的真正含義感到困惑

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthingsD.與其他事物相比，最害怕死亡

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ErnestBecker可以定位到文章第一段第一句“歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾在他的書中寫道：‘死亡的想法和對其的恐懼，無與倫比地（likenothingelse）縈繞著人類。’”，說明歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾認(rèn)為死亡是人類最害怕的事物。因此D選項(xiàng)“與其他事物相比，最害怕死亡”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對死亡有不同的感受”，B選項(xiàng)“視死亡為一種冒險”和C選項(xiàng)“對死亡的真正含義感到困惑”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.根據(jù)研究人員的說法，面對即將到來的死亡的人比那些想象自己患有癌癥的人________。

A.aremorethoughtfulA.更加深思熟慮

B.aremorepositiveB.更加積極

C.morefrightenedC.更加驚慌失措

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlifeD.更關(guān)心自己的晚年生活

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】由題干關(guān)鍵詞imagined可以定位到文章第一段最后一句“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些想象自己即將死亡的人（imaginingtheyweredying）相比，身患絕癥的人的博客文章中有更多積極的詞匯（morepositivewords），而消極的詞匯則更少，而且隨著他們離死亡越來越近，他們使用的積極語言也越來越多?！?，說明研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)即將面臨死亡的人比想象自己患有癌癥即將死去的人更加積極、樂觀。因此B選項(xiàng)“更加積極”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“更加深思熟慮”和D選項(xiàng)“更關(guān)心自己的晚年生活”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“更加驚慌失措”，文章中描述他們是積極樂觀的，而不是慌張的，屬于反向干擾。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.根據(jù)麗莎?伊維拉奇的說法，被診斷出患有癌癥的人更加積極，因?yàn)開_______。

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeathA.人們揭開了死亡的神秘面紗

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulmindsB.人們學(xué)會保持平和的心態(tài)

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamilyC.人們把心思放在家庭上

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfullyD.人們要有意義地管理自己的時間

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞LisaIverach可以定位到文章第二段第一句“悉尼大學(xué)的研究人員麗莎?伊維拉奇解釋說，這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了參與者可能因?yàn)樗劳龅纳衩馗斜幌╰hemysteryarounddeathwasremoved）而變得不那么消極?！?，說明麗莎?伊維拉奇對于參與者更加積極這種現(xiàn)象的解釋是他們可能因?yàn)橄藝@死亡的神秘感而減少了負(fù)面情緒。因此A選項(xiàng)“人們揭開了死亡的神秘面紗”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“人們學(xué)會保持平和的心態(tài)”，C選項(xiàng)“人們把心思放在家庭上”和D選項(xiàng)“人們要有意義地管理自己的時間”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoHaviCarel,thepositivefeelingandunpleasantfeeling________.根據(jù)哈維?卡瑞爾的說法，________積極的感覺和不愉快的感覺。

A.aredifficultforpeopletodistinguishA.人們很難區(qū)分

B.areeasyforpeopletogetusedtoB.人們?nèi)菀琢?xí)慣

C.maybeunderstoodbetterbywomenC.女性可能更容易理解

D.couldbeexperiencedatthesametimeD.可以同時體驗(yàn)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HaviCarel可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句“布里斯托爾大學(xué)哲學(xué)教授哈維?卡瑞爾同意這項(xiàng)關(guān)于人類適應(yīng)力的研究結(jié)果。她說：‘在得知對病情的不良預(yù)斷后，最初的震驚是可怕的，但在了解了這種情況的幾個月或幾年之后（aftermonthsoryearsoflivingwiththisknowledge），這種恐懼就會消退（thedreadsubsides）?！?，說明哈維?卡瑞爾認(rèn)為最初得知自己即將面臨死亡的震驚是可怕的，這是一種不愉快的感覺，但在與這種感覺一起共存幾個月或幾年之后，人們會變得積極起來，也就是說積極和不愉快的感覺可以同時存在。因此D選項(xiàng)“可以同時體驗(yàn)”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“人們很難區(qū)分”，文章中說的是積極的回應(yīng)（positiveresponses）和愉悅（pleasantness）之間的區(qū)別，而不是積極的感覺和不愉快的感覺，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“人們?nèi)菀琢?xí)慣”和C選項(xiàng)“女性可能更容易理解”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

InAsianculture,peopletakedeathassomething________.在亞洲文化中，人們把死亡視為一種________的東西。

A.sensitiveA.敏感

B.deniableB.可以否認(rèn)

C.toremindpeopletotreasuretheirlifeC.提醒人們要珍惜生活

D.tobedealtwithmoreseriouslyD.要更認(rèn)真地對待

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Asianculture可以定位到文章第四段第一句“東亞的陰陽死亡哲學(xué)（EastAsianyinandyangphilosophyofdeath）——沒有死亡，生命就不存在——允許個人將死亡作為享受生命的提醒（usedeathasaremindertoenjoylife）?！保f明亞洲文化認(rèn)為沒有死亡，生命就不可能存在，所以個人會用死亡來提醒自己去享受、珍惜生活。因此C選項(xiàng)“提醒人們要珍惜生活”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“敏感”，文章中說到西方文化傾向于假裝死亡不存在，說明對西方人來說死亡是敏感的，不屬于亞洲文化對死亡的理解，屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“可以否認(rèn)”，文章中說到英國和美國是否認(rèn)死亡的文化，因?yàn)樗劳龌旧鲜且粋€被回避的話題，說明是英美文化認(rèn)為死亡可以否認(rèn)，而不是亞洲文化，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“要更認(rèn)真地對待”，文章中說的是通過死亡提醒自己要認(rèn)真對待生命、享受生活，屬于偷換概念。

41.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

PeopleinWesternculturesavoidtalkingaboutdeathbecause________.西方文化中的人們避免談?wù)撍劳觯驗(yàn)開_______。

A.theywanttoreducetheiranxietyA.他們想減少自己的焦慮

B.theyenjoyeverydayoftheirlivesB.他們享受生命中的每一天

C.theyvaluethepresentmorethanthefutureC.他們更重視現(xiàn)在而不是未來

D.theyprefertoprocesstheideaindividuallyD.他們喜歡單獨(dú)處理這個想法

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Westerncultures可以定位到文章第四段第一句和最后一句“在西方文化（Westernculture）中，我們傾向于假裝死亡不存在。雖然避免談?wù)撍劳觯╝voidingtalkingaboutdeath）可以在短期內(nèi)減少不適，但從長遠(yuǎn)來看，它可能會讓我們大多數(shù)人對死亡更加焦慮（anxious）。”，說明西方人對于死亡的態(tài)度是避免談?wù)撍劳?，假裝死亡并不存在，因?yàn)檫@樣可以在短期內(nèi)減少心理不適，也就是焦慮。因此A選項(xiàng)“他們想減少自己的焦慮”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們享受生命中的每一天”，通過死亡的提醒來享受生命是東方文化的態(tài)度，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“他們更重視現(xiàn)在而不是未來”和D選項(xiàng)“他們喜歡單獨(dú)處理這個想法”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

3.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit’send.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項(xiàng)excessively“過度地”；C選項(xiàng)extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：你的建議對他來說是非常寶貴的，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在束手無策。

4.單選題

ThegovernmentandMicrosoftplantosellaroundtheworldBritain’snewsystemforonlinetransactionsbetweencitizensandgovernmentafteritssuccessfullaunchintheUK.Akeystepinthegovernment’s$1.4billione-governmentprogramhasbeenonlinepaymentfortheInlandRevenuespay-as-you-earnscheme,someCustomsandExcisevalueaddedtaxprocedure,andclaimsforEuropeanUnionsubsidiesforfarmersallgoliveinthepastmonth.AtapresentationinSeattletoday,BillGates,Microsoft’sco-founderandchairman,willdemonstratetheBritishsystemto400governmentofficialsfrom80countriestoshowhowcitizensandbusinessescaninteractwithgovernmentovertheInternet.

“AlthoughsomeUSstatesareusingleadingedgetechnology,Europeingeneral,andtheUKinparticular,iswellaheadinimplementinge-governmentinitiatives.Itshouldputthecitizenatthecenterofthegovernment,”saysDavideVigano,generalmanagerofpublicsectoratthesoftwaregroup,“Theprojectshavebeenimplementedinjust15weeksusingMicrosoft’snettechnology,”saidAndrewPinder,thegovernment’se-envoy.“Thisisakeypieceofinfrastructure,broughtinontimeandonbudget,”hesaid.

Thesecuretransactiontechnologyistoberolledoutthroughabout200centralgovernmentdepartmentsandagenciesand482localgovernmentinstitutionsoverthenextfiveyearsinthedrivetohaveallofthegovernmentonlineby2005.ThesuccessfulimplementationisacoupforMicrosoftwhichistryingtobuildupitsenterprisesoftwarebusinessandhastargetede-government.Ithasabout1,000staffdedicatedtogovernmentbusiness.

“ThisisamilestoneforMicrosoft,”saidBarryGoffe,groupmanager,netenterprisesolutionsattheRedwood,Washingtonstate-basedcompany.“Twoyearsago,whenthetechnologyforsuccessfulintegrationdidnotexist,wewouldhavewalkedaway.”ThehardwarewassuppliedbyDell,andtheserversaremanagedbyCableandWireless.ThetechnologyisbasedonXML,anewlanguageprotocolthatallowsinformationtobelabeledandtheneasilyexchangedbetweencomputersondifferentplatforms.“Peoplewanttohangontotheirlegacysystemswhichhavebeenmassiveinvestments,butintegratingthesehasprovendifficultandexpensiveinthepast.It’sastonishinghowthefrictionhasbeenwipedoutbyXML,whichreducespaperwork,reducescomplexityandslashescosts,”saidMr.Goffe.

1.Thee-governmentsoftwareispartofMicrosoffs______.

2.Twoyearsago,thee-governmentprogramwasstillimpossibleduetothelackof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enterprisesoftwarebusiness

B.mostprofit-makingproducts

C.securetransactiontechnology

D.mostsophisticatedtechnology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.advancedhardware

B.efficientseversmanagement

C.thelanguageprotocolXML

D.researchfunding

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第三段第二句ThesuccessfulimplementationisacoupforMicrosoftwhichistryingtobuildupitsenterprisesoftwarebusinessandhastargetede-government.Ithasabout1,000staffdedicatedtogovernmentbusiness.（這一成功實(shí)施對微軟來說是一場政變，微軟正試圖建立自己的企業(yè)軟件業(yè)務(wù)，并將目標(biāo)對準(zhǔn)了電子政府）。A選項(xiàng)“軟件企業(yè)”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，微軟把電子政府作為軟件企業(yè)，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“最賺錢的產(chǎn)品”，文章沒有提到這一點(diǎn)，因此可排除。C選項(xiàng)“安全交易技術(shù)”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“最精湛技術(shù)”，不符合題意，可排除。因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句ThetechnologyisbasedonXML,anewlanguageprotocolthatallowsinformationtobelabeledandtheneasilyexchangedbetweencomputersondifferentplatforms.（該技術(shù)基于XML，這是一種新的語言協(xié)議，允許對信息進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，然后在不同平臺上的計算機(jī)之間輕松交換）。由此可推測，兩年前電子政府不可能是因?yàn)槿狈φZ言協(xié)議XML。C選項(xiàng)“語言協(xié)議XML”符合題意，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“硬件強(qiáng)化”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“高效的塞維管理”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“研究經(jīng)費(fèi)”，文章所說，整合這些系統(tǒng)既困難又昂貴，XML降低了復(fù)雜性，并削減了成本，因此D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

NowtheythinkthattheirviewsaboutthepresidentandhispoliciesonIraq,globalwarmingorunilateralismhaveallbeen_______,sowhykeepranting?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.treacherous

B.fraudulent

C.avenged

D.vindicated

【答案】D

【解析】treacherous背叛的，奸詐的；fraudulent欺騙性的；avenged報復(fù)，報仇；vindicate證明...正確，維護(hù)。句意：現(xiàn)在他們認(rèn)為，他們對總統(tǒng)及其在伊拉克，全球變暖或單邊主義政策的問題上的看法，都被證明是正確的，那他們?yōu)槭裁催€這么義憤填膺呢？選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

AconsiderablepartofFacebook’sappealstemsfromitsmiraculousfusionofdistancewithintimacy,ortheillusionofdistancewiththeillusionofintimacy.Ouronlinecommunitiesbecomeenginesofself-image,andself-imagebecomestheengineofcommunity.TherealdangerwithFacebookisnotthatitallowsustoisolateourselves,butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity,itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude.ThenewisolationisnotofthekindthatAmericansonceidealized,thelonesomenessoftheproudlynonconformist,independent-minded,solitarystoic,orthatoftheastronautwhoblastsintonewworlds.Facebook’sisolationisagrind.What’strulystaggeringaboutFacebookusageisnotitsvolume—750millionphotographsuploadedoverasingleweekend—buttheconstancyoftheperformanceitdemands.Morethanhalfitsusers—andoneofevery13peopleonEarthisaFacebookuser—logoneveryday.Among18-to-34-year-olds,nearlyhalfcheckFacebookminutesafterwakingup,and28percentdosobeforegettingoutofbed.Therelentlessnessiswhatissonew,sopotentiallytransformative.Facebooknevertakesabreak.Wenevertakeabreak.Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,beforeweevenpouracupofcoffee.

Nostalgiaforthegoodolddaysofdisconnectionwouldnotjustbepointless,itwouldbehypocriticalandungrateful.Buttheverymagicofthenewmachines,theefficiencyandelegancewithwhichtheyserveus,obscureswhatisn’tbeingserved:everythingthatmatters.WhatFacebookhasrevealedabouthumannature—andthisisnotaminorrevelation—isthataconnectionisnotthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramoreliberatedversionofhumanity.Solitudeusedtobegoodforself-reflectionandself-reinvention.Butnowwearelefttalkingaboutwhoweareallthetime,withouteverreallythinkingaboutwhoweare.Facebookdeniesusapleasurewhoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetaboutourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthepowerofFacebookcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.hichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheundersideofFacebookissupportedbythe

informationcontainedinthispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststates“thenewisolation”mentionedbytheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecategoryof“everythingthatmatters”accordingtothepassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutFacebookdoestheauthorwantustodraw?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcreatestheisolationpeoplewant.

B.Itdeliversamorefriendlyworld.

C.Itproducesintimacypeoplelackintherealworld.

D.Itenablesustobesocialwhileavoidingthemessofhumaninteraction.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itimprisonspeopleinthebusinessofself-presentation.

B.Itcausessocialdisintegration.

C.Itmakespeoplevainer.

D.Itmakespeoplelonelier.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfullofthespiritofadventure.

B.Itistheextensionofindividualism.

C.Ithasatouchofnarcissism.

D.Itevolvesfromtheappetiteforindependence.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Constantconnection.

B.Instantcommunication.

C.Smoothsociability.

D.Ahumanbond.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcreatesfriendship.

B.Itdeniesusthepleasureofsocializing.

C.Itopensanewworldforus.

D.Itdrawsusintoaparadox.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從這篇文章中，我們可以推斷出以下哪個關(guān)于Facebook力量的陳述？根據(jù)第一段第三句“butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity”可知Facebook給予了人們想要的孤獨(dú)，同時又滿足了人們自戀的心理。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于Facebook的負(fù)面陳述得到了這篇文章所包含信息的支持？根據(jù)第一段第三句“butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithourvanity”以及最后兩句“Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning”可知Facebook讓人們變得越來越虛榮，時刻想著去展示自己。原文中的vanity與選項(xiàng)C中的vanier是同根詞。因此選型C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一種表述最好？由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“thenewisolation”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“…itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude”，加上第一段最后兩句“Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning”，可知Facebook改變了孤獨(dú)的本質(zhì)，人們時時刻刻想著在Facebook上展現(xiàn)自我（自戀）。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)短文，下列哪一項(xiàng)屬于“每一樣重要的東西”范疇？由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“eveverythingthatmatters”定位到第二段第二句。由第二段第三句中“…isthatconnetionisnotthtesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldprmoreliberatedversionofhumanity”可知instantandtotalconnections與abond不同，是不太重要的東西。由此可推出ahumanbond是重要的東西。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于Facebook，作者希望我們得出以下哪一結(jié)論？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Facebookdeniesusapleasurewhoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetaboutourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect”，作者認(rèn)為Facebook奪走了我們的快樂，而我們低估了這種快樂的深奧之處。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofaforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin______.

2.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan______.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso______.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.programs

B.experts

C.devices

D.creatures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fulfildelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.interactwithhumanbeingverbally

C.havealittlecommonsense

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

C.improvefactoryenvironment

D.cultivatehumancreativity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“人類的聰明才智最初是在……”。第一段第一句Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.（自人類有了聰明才智以來，人們設(shè)計出了越來越精巧的工具來應(yīng)付危險、無聊、繁重或純粹是骯臟的工作）可推斷，人類的聰明才智最初是設(shè)計工具來解決困難危險的工作。A項(xiàng)“使用機(jī)器來創(chuàng)作科幻小說”，第一段最后一句Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.（如果科學(xué)家們還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)在機(jī)械上創(chuàng)造科幻小說，那么他們也已經(jīng)很接近這個目標(biāo)了）可以知道，機(jī)器創(chuàng)造小說還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以不選；B項(xiàng)“機(jī)器在制造業(yè)中的廣泛使用”，這屬于人類的聰明才智，但不是最初的，不符合題意所以不選；D項(xiàng)“精英們巧妙地處理危險而無聊的工作”，“精英”一詞沒有在文中提及，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“發(fā)明用于困難和危險工作的工具”符合題意，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段第一行的詞語gizmos最有可能是什么意思？”A選項(xiàng)“課程、規(guī)劃”，B選項(xiàng)“專家”，C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)備”，D選項(xiàng)“生物”?？吹降诙蔚谝恍衪hemodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.（現(xiàn)代世界越來越多地充斥著智能的裝置，我們幾乎注意不到它們的存在，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了大量人類勞動），推斷gizmos是一種節(jié)省人類勞動力的裝置；另外后面描述到了工廠的機(jī)械臂，銀行自助柜臺，列車上的機(jī)器人司機(jī)等為人類節(jié)省了大量的勞動力。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.【試題解析