考研考博-英語-廣東輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Beingcriticalanddictatorial,thebosswould（）discussionsandignorecommentsnotinagreementswithhis.

問題1選項

A.facilitate

B.illustrate

C.illuminate

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項facilitate“促進(jìn)、幫助”；B選項illustrate“說明、闡明”；C選項illuminate“說明、照亮”；D選項dominate“控制、支配”，句意為：由于老板的挑剔和獨裁，他會主導(dǎo)討論，忽視與他意見不一致的意見。因此選項D正確。

2.單選題

Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsorfantasticachievements,thattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“l(fā)esser”workisonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating—reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators(拖延者),somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff(游手好閑)”,Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone“l(fā)azy”buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“l(fā)aziness”werecausedbytheworker’stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being“l(fā)ady”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest-isgoodforanoverworkedstudentor,executive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho’ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings,attheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

2.Thepassagestatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

4.Thefinalparagraphis______.

5.Theword“devised”inPara.2means______.

問題1選項

A.lazinessisamoralsin

B.thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C.lazinessindicatesdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D.lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

問題2選項

A.lazinessisadisease

B.somelazypeopleareinsecure

C.lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D.agooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

問題3選項

A.Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B.Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C.Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D.Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

問題4選項

A.somber

B.humorous

C.serious

D.trite(陳腐的)

問題5選項

A.formulate

B.understood

C.wrote

D.proved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段講了懶惰是一種罪惡，第二段又指出懶惰也會起到很大的作用，說明本文主要講的是懶惰的壞處和好處。因此B選項“懶惰有好處也有壞處”最能概括文章主旨。A選項“懶惰是一種道德上的罪惡”，C選項“懶惰表明了根深蒂固的情感問題”，D選項“懶惰的人做的工作更仔細(xì)”均不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.（他們可能非常不信任他們的同事，以至于無法參加任何小組任務(wù)，因為害怕被嘲笑或擔(dān)心他們的想法被竊取。），說明懶惰表明了一種根深蒂固的情感問題。因此D選項“對于懶惰的一個很好的定義是情感疾病”正確。A選項“懶惰是一種疾病”，B選項“一些懶惰的人沒有安全感”，C選項“懶惰的好處多于壞處”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后兩句Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.（所以當(dāng)你想說別人懶的時候要小心。那個人可能正在思考、休息或計劃他或她的下一本書。），說明有時形容別人懶惰并不準(zhǔn)確。因此A選項“懶惰這個詞有時被錯誤地應(yīng)用”正確。B選項“大多數(shù)時候，懶惰是一種美德”，C選項“大多數(shù)裝配線工人都是懶惰的”，D選項“大多數(shù)沒有安全感的人都是懶惰的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段可知，作者用一種輕松詼諧的筆調(diào)把懶惰和成功聯(lián)系起來說明懶惰有哪些好處，觀點十分新穎。因此B選項“幽默的”正確。A選項“陰沉的”，C選項“嚴(yán)肅的”，D選項“陳腐的”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“devised”可以定位到文章第二段第三句Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.（當(dāng)牛頓被蘋果砸到，發(fā)明了引力理論時，他并不在果園里工作。），說明“devised”在文中是指“發(fā)明”的意思。因此A選項“發(fā)明”正確。B選項“理解”，C選項“寫下”，D選項“證明”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.單選題

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustypes.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenter,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity,overtheguiltofthesteed-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere?Weasksoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatitis?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafewhetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafeinwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.

“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty”，saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It'sthedangersparentscan’tandmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultlineformorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

1.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

2.WhatresponsedidUASToday’sreportdraw?

3.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts'studies?

4.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics'?

5.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom（

）.

問題1選項

A.Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren'shealthinBerkeley.

B.Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C.TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.

D.ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

問題2選項

A.Aheateddebate.

B.Popularsupport.

C.Widespreadpanic.

D.Strongcriticism.

問題3選項

A.Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.

B.Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.

C.Theydidn'tknowwhotobelieve.

D.Theyweren'tconvincedoftheresults.

問題4選項

A.Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B.Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C.Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren'shealthhazards.

D.Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

問題5選項

A.theuncertain

B.thequantifiable

C.anearthquake

D.unhealthyfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.（因此，你可以想象，最近《今日美國》對全國學(xué)校周圍空氣質(zhì)量的調(diào)查，將加利福尼亞州的伯克利綠色村莊也列為全國空氣質(zhì)量狀況最差的地區(qū)之中）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段第一句中SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity（自去年12月該報告發(fā)布以來，市長、社區(qū)積極分子和各種家長教師協(xié)會就該報告的有效性展開了激烈的討論）可知選A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?（由于各方都提出了一些支持各自觀點的專家，但這些專家的科學(xué)研究是相互矛盾的，家長應(yīng)該相信誰？）以及后面的一連串提問，可知父母對這些觀點感到困惑，不知道該相信誰，因此選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.（《兒科雜志》2004年的一份報告解釋說，神經(jīng)緊張的父母對火災(zāi)、車禍和溺水的恐懼比有毒化學(xué)暴露更多）可推測父母對日常容易遇到的事故更擔(dān)心，因此選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty...It'sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.（無法避免這種不確定性……這是父母無法——也可能永遠(yuǎn)不會量化突然發(fā)生的危險）可推測作者認(rèn)為父母最大的恐懼來源于不確定性，因此選A。

4.單選題

Diasporanetworks—ofHuguenots,Scots,Jewsandmanyothers—havealwaysbeenapotenteconomicforce,butthecheapnessandeaseofmoderntravelhasmadethemlargerandmorenumerousthaneverbefore.Therearenow215mfirst-generationmigrantsaroundtheworld:that’s3%oftheworld’spopulation.Iftheywereanation,itwouldbe:littlelargerthanBrazil.TherearemoreChinesepeoplelivingoutsideChinathanthereareFrenchpeopleinFrance.Some22mIndiansarescatteredallovertheglobe.Smallconcentrationsofethnicandlinguisticgroupshavealwaysbeenfoundinsurprisingplaces.

Thesenetworksofkinshipandlanguagemakeiteasiertodobusinessacrossborders.Theyspeedtheflowofinformation:aChinesetraderinIndonesiawhospotsagapinthemarketforcheapumbrellaswillalerthiscousininShenzhenwhoknowssomeonewhorunsanumbrellafactory.Kinshiptiesfostertrust,sotheycansealthedealandgettheunbrellastoJakartabeforetherainyseasonends.Trustmatters,especiallyinemergingmarketswheretheruleoflawisweak.Sodoesaknowledgeofthelocalculture.ThatiswhysomuchforeigndirectinvestmentinChinastillpassesthroughtheChinesediaspora.Andmoderncommunicationsmakethesenetworksanevenmorepowerfultoolofbusiness.Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyoftheemergingworld’sbrightestmindsareeducatedatWesternuniversities.Anincreasingnumbergohome,takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.IndiancomputerscientistsinBangalorebounceideasconstantlyofftheirIndianfriendsinSiliconValley.Diasporasspreadmoney,too.Migrantsintorichcountriesnotonlysendcashtotheirfamilies;theyalsohelpcompaniesintheirhostcountryoperateintheirhomecountry.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyshowsthatAmericancompaniesthatemploylotsofethnicChinesepeoplefinditmucheasiertosetupinChinawithoutajointventurewithalocalfirm.

Suchargumentsareunlikelytomakemuchheadwayagainsthostilitytowardsimmigrantsinrichcountries.Furyagainstforeignersisusuallybasedontwonotions:thatbecausesomanymigrantsclaimwelfaretheyareadrainonthepublicpurse;andthatbecausetheyarepreparedtoworkharderforlesspaytheywilldepressthewagesofthoseatthebottomofthepile.

Thefirstisusuallynottrue,andthesecondishardtoestablisheitherway.Somestudiesdoindeedsuggestthatcompetitionfromunskilledimmigrantsdepressesthewagesofunskilledlocals.Butothersfindthiseffecttobesmallornon-existent.Norisitpossibletoestablishtheimpactofmigrationonoverallgrowth.Thesumsaresimplytoodifficult.Yettherearegoodreasonsforbelievingthatitislikelytobepositive.Migrantstendtobehard-workingandinnovative.Thatspursproductivityandcompanyformation.And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.

Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.Theprospectofworkingabroadspursmorepeopletoacquirevaluableskills,andnotallsubsequentlyemigrate.Skilledmigrantssendmoneyhome,andtheyoftenreturntosetupnewbusinesses.Onestudyfoundthatunlesstheylosemorethan20%oftheiruniversitygraduates,thebraindrainmakespoorcountriesricher.

Governmentaswellasbusinessgainsfromthespreadofideasthroughdiasporas.Asfortheoldworld,itsdesiretocloseitsbordersisunderstandablebutdangerous.Migrationbringsyouthtoageingcountries,andallowsideastocirculateinmillionsofmobileminds.Thatisgoodbothforthosewhoarrivewithsuitcasesanddreamsandforthosewhoshouldwelcomethem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdefines“diasporanetworks”?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueconcerningthemeritsofdiaspora?

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdiaspora?

4.Inparagraph6theword“overblown”mostlikelyrefersto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstosuggestEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.Thetiesoftravelers,immigrants,emigrants,etc.

B.Socialconnectionsofpeoplewhoaredispersedfromtheirhomeland.

C.Thesenseofkinshipfeltbyethnicminoritiesorpeoplefromdevelopingcountries.

D.Thesocialtiesofmigrantsresidinginvariedcountries.

問題2選項

A.Itfacilitatesinformationacquisition.

B.Itprovidesemergingcountrieswithmoreknowledgeandtechnologies.

C.Itstimulatestheestablishmentofforeign-fundedenterprisesinmigrants’homecountry.

D.ItinfusesenergyintotheWesternworld.

問題3選項

A.favorable

B.neutral

C.critical

D.ambiguous

問題4選項

A.devastating

B.blooming

C.exaggerated

D.out-dated

問題5選項

A.braindrainwillmakepoorcountriesricherthanbeforeifundercontrol

B.seaturtlesarewillingtobuildamoredemocraticcountry

C.thedevelopedcountryshouldbetoleranttowardsmigrants

D.workingabroadisalluringtopeopleallaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。全文講到diasporanetworks都是說的移民者之間的關(guān)系，在第二段中aChinesetraderinIndonesiawhospotsagapinthemarketforcheapumbrellaswillalerthiscousininShenzhenwhoknowssomeonewhorunsanumbrellafactory.（一個在印度尼西亞的中國商人發(fā)現(xiàn)了廉價雨傘市場的缺口，就會提醒他在深圳的表哥，而他的表哥認(rèn)識一個開傘廠的人。）因此B選項“背井離鄉(xiāng)的人們的社會聯(lián)系”是最佳答案，原文也有講述很多關(guān)于離開家鄉(xiāng)的人在異國的發(fā)展，以及和家鄉(xiāng)的聯(lián)系；A選項“旅行者、移民、移民等的關(guān)系”；C選項“少數(shù)民族或發(fā)展中國家人民的親近感”以及D選項“居住在不同國家的移民的社會關(guān)系”，都不夠準(zhǔn)確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項在第二段的第一句Thesenetworksofkinshipandlanguagemakeiteasiertodobusinessacrossborders.Theyspeedtheflowofinformation（這些親屬關(guān)系和語言網(wǎng)絡(luò)使跨境貿(mào)易變得更容易。它們加快了信息的流通），因此A選項“方便信息獲取”是文章提到的；B選項在第三段Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyofthe...takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.（散居者也有助于傳播思想。許多新興世界最聰明的人都在西方大學(xué)接受教育。越來越多的人帶著知識和人脈回家。）因此B選項“它為新興國家提供了更多的知識和技術(shù)”也是文章提及了的；C選項也在第三段AHarvardBusiness...withoutajointventurewithalocalfirm.（哈佛商學(xué)院的一項研究表明，雇傭大量華裔員工的美國公司發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果不與當(dāng)?shù)毓境闪⒑腺Y企業(yè)，在中國成立公司要容易得多。）也就說明他們更加愿意去那些移民者的原生國家，因此C選項“它刺激了外資企業(yè)在移民者原生國家的建立”文章也是有提及的；而D選項“它為西方世界注入了活力”沒有直接的語句可以證明這一點，因此D選項當(dāng)選。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。作者在文章中對這種移居現(xiàn)象是很支持的，在第五段中作者說到And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.（通過將西方與新興市場聯(lián)系起來，海外移民幫助富裕國家融入快速增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。）以及第六段中Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.（因此，富裕國家可能會從寬松的移民政策中獲益；而對于窮國將因“人才外流”而受苦的擔(dān)憂也是言過其實的。）都是表達(dá)了這種移民對于發(fā)達(dá)國家的益處；而在最后一段中則說到了這種移民對于發(fā)展中國家的益處，Governmentaswellasbusinessgainsfromthespreadofideasthrough...isgoodbothforthosewhoarrivewithsuitcasesanddreamsandforthosewhoshouldwelcomethem.（政府和企業(yè)都從散居海外的思想傳播中獲益。至于舊世界，其關(guān)閉邊界的愿望是可以理解的，但也是危險的。移民把年輕人帶到老齡化國家，讓思想在數(shù)百萬流動的頭腦中傳播，這對那些帶著手提箱和夢想來到這里的人和那些應(yīng)該歡迎他們的人都有好處。）可見在作者看來這種移民無論是對于誰來說都是有益處的，因此作者對于這種移民應(yīng)該是支持的，A選項“贊成的，贊許的”正確。B選項“中立的”；C選項“批評的”以及D選項“模棱兩可的”都是不正確的。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第七段Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.（因此，富裕國家可能會從寬松的移民政策中獲益；而對于窮國將遭受“人才外流”而受苦的擔(dān)憂也是言過其實的。）這里根據(jù)后面所說的Skilledmigrantssendmoneyhome,andtheyoftenreturntosetupnewbusinesses.（技術(shù)移民寄錢回家，他們經(jīng)常回來創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)。）可以看出來，作者在這句話中并不支持人才外流這種說法，因此他應(yīng)該是認(rèn)為這種說法過于夸張，因此C選項“夸張的”正確。A選項“毀滅性的，全然的”，語義過重；B選項“盛開的，妙齡的”，不符合句意；D選項“過時的”，不正確。

5.判斷推理題。A選項在第六段Theprospectofworkingabroadspursmorepeople...thebraindrainmakespoorcountriesricher.（出國工作的前景促使更多的人獲得有價值的技能。并不是所有的人隨后都移居國外。有技術(shù)的移民會寄錢回家，他們經(jīng)?；貋韯?chuàng)辦新企業(yè)。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，除非窮國失去超過20%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，否則人才外流會讓窮國變得更富有。）可以看出A選項“如果能得到控制，人才外流將使貧窮國家比以前更富有”是文章中認(rèn)為正確的；B選項在第三段Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyoftheemergingworld’sbrightestmindsareeducatedatWesternuniversities.Anincreasingnumbergohome,takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.（散居者也有助于傳播思想。許多新興世界最聰明的人都是在西方大學(xué)接受教育的。越來越多的人帶著知識和人脈回家。）而西方國家大部分都是民主國家，因此他們會將民主思想帶回家，B選項“海龜們愿意建立一個更加民主的國家”正確；C選項“發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該對移民持寬容態(tài)度”，在第五段中And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.（通過將西方與新興市場聯(lián)系起來，海外移民幫助富裕國家融入快速增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。）以及第六段中Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.（因此，富裕國家可能會從寬松的移民政策中獲益；而對于窮國將因“人才外流”而受苦的擔(dān)憂也是言過其實的。）也就是說，作者是鼓勵西方國家接受移民的，C選項“發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該對移民持寬容態(tài)度”，也是文章觀點；D選項“在國外工作對世界各地的人都很有吸引力”是文章沒有特別體現(xiàn)的。

5.單選題

WhenJackwas28,he（）thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

問題1選項

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項tookafter“相像，效仿”；B選項tookin“吸收，領(lǐng)會，欺騙”；C選項tookon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有”；D選項tookover“接管，借用”。句意：當(dāng)杰克28歲時，他接管了這個小書店，在五年內(nèi)發(fā)展成了六個連鎖店。根據(jù)空格后提到的thesmallbookshop，與之可以相對應(yīng)搭配的短語只有D選項tookover，意為接管了商店。因此D選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are（）someprivilegesinmanycountries.

問題1選項

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.entitled

D.enabled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項enforce“實施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)制”，B項engage“從事，參與”，C項entitle“給某人權(quán)利、資格”，D項enable“使能夠，使成為可能”。根據(jù)后面的privilege（特權(quán)）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“獲得，具有”。句意：老年人，特別是70歲以上的老年人，在許多國家享有某些特權(quán)。故該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?

問題1選項

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。ingredients材料，成分；elements基礎(chǔ)，原理，元素；components（機(jī)器的）組件,部件；compounds（化學(xué)類的）合成物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜肴除了配料外其他各方面都像肉？選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Indiaisacountrywhosepopulation（）thatofChina.

問題1選項

A.isfirstexcept

B.hassecondplaceto

C.issecondonlyto

D.comesecondfollowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：印度是人口僅次于中國的國家。besecondonlyto是固定搭配，意思是“僅次于”，沒有A，B，D的搭配用法。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”

“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.

“Tookthechair.”

Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?

3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.

4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

問題1選項

A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement

問題2選項

A.Serious

B.Critical

C.Joking

D.Satirical

問題3選項

A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustified

B.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgrace

C.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntaste

D.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents

問題4選項

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

問題5選項

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”對男性來說,婦女解放帶來的一個好處就是男人不用遵守尊重婦女的舊式禮節(jié)了。由此可知,在婦女解放過程中,男性也得到了解放,所以選項B符合原文。

2.從作者的敘述方式看,作者在討論舉止風(fēng)度以及婦女解放問題時帶有調(diào)侃語氣。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者說,他拒絕用一些過時的禮節(jié)來麻煩女士(事實上對女性表示禮貌恭維談不上是“麻煩”),而且之所以這樣,是出于一種尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者將自己看作是那些具有“天然風(fēng)度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所謂“天然”,卻是一切順其自然,不受社會禮儀規(guī)范所約束。由此可以確定選項C為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark認(rèn)為當(dāng)一名男性和一名女性被帶到餐桌子前,服務(wù)員拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的應(yīng)該是女性。說明AnnClark比較贊同傳統(tǒng)的社會行為規(guī)則,而作者的做法恰好與其相反,他喜歡順著自己的意愿。所以選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因為那個正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到達(dá)的,這是作者的一種習(xí)慣。所以作者的妻子認(rèn)為作者不應(yīng)該按照自己的習(xí)慣坐在那把椅子上,所以選項C正確。

5.根據(jù)原文最后一段內(nèi)容可知,作者比女性先上車的原因,首先這是他的一個習(xí)慣,其次是出于禮貌,愛和尊重,以及保護(hù)女性的安全避免受到潛在的襲擊。只有選項D不正確。

10.單選題

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

問題1選項

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

問題2選項

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

問題3選項

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefa