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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東理工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
ThebiggestcomputercompanyinSiliconValleyhaslaidoffhundredsofpeopleduringthelastfewyears.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.declined
B.detached
C.dismissed
D.dispersed
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.declined謝絕B.detached拆卸;分離
C.dismissed解雇D.dispersed驅(qū)散
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析
【解題思路】劃線詞的主語為“硅谷最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司”,賓語為“數(shù)百人”,原詞laidoff“解雇”,原文表達(dá)某公司解雇了很多人。因此,C選項(xiàng)dismissed“解雇”滿足前后語義銜接,且最符合原句句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)declined“謝絕”,側(cè)重于指禮貌地拒絕接受某事(如邀請)或做某事;
B選項(xiàng)detached“拆卸;分離”,側(cè)重于指使一個(gè)事物從另一個(gè)事物上分離,或者使一件事與另一件事分離;
D選項(xiàng)dispersed“驅(qū)散”,側(cè)重于指讓集中的人群散開。
【句意】在過去幾年里硅谷最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司解雇了數(shù)百人。
2.單選題
Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill(
)onlandwhereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea(
)enterprise.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.mon
B.accessible...marginal
C.unidentified...subsidized
D.fitable
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的scarce“缺乏的,罕見的”;common“普通的,常見的,共有的,一般的,平常的”;B選項(xiàng)的accessible“可到達(dá)的,可進(jìn)入的,易懂的,易接近的”;marginal“邊緣的,末端的”;C選項(xiàng)的unidentified“未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的,無法識別的,身份不明的”;subsidize“給與補(bǔ)助金,賄賂”;D選項(xiàng)的plentiful“大量的,眾多的,充足的,豐富的”;profitable“有利的,贏利的”。根據(jù)句意‘由于海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多礦物在陸地上仍然大量存在,且陸地上開采又相對廉價(jià),因此,對海底開采還有待于變成一種有利可圖的事業(yè)’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Onlya(
)personwouldbelievesuchanunlikelystoryaboutflyingsaucers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.credible
B.credulous
C.nonsensical
D.creditable
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的,可信的”;B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的,易受騙的”;C選項(xiàng)nonsensical“無意義的,荒謬的”;D選項(xiàng)creditable“值得稱贊的”。句意:只有易受騙的人才會相信這樣一個(gè)關(guān)于飛碟的不大可能的故事。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
4.單選題
Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonicsbuttoaninvestigationofmarineextinctions.Intheearly1980’s,scientistsbegantolookcloselyatthequestionofhowtheseextinctionsoccur.Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.Theremassextinctionsoccurredatsurprisinglyregularintervals.
Laterstudiesrevealedthatextinctionsofterrestrialreptilesandmammalsalsooccurredperiodically.Thesefindings,combinedwiththeresearchofRaupandSepkoski,ledscientiststohypothesizetheexistenceofsomekindofcyclicallyrecurringforcepowerfulenoughtoaffectlivingthingsprofoundly.Speculationthatsopowerfulaforcemightaffectgeologiceventsaswellledgeologiststosearchforevidenceofperiodicityinepisodesofvolcanism,seafloorspreading,andplatemovement.
1.TheauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelydescribethefindingsofRaupandSepkoskias(
).
2.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith
(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,RaupandSepkoski’sresearchwasconcernedwith(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Plausible,becausethefindingssupportedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.
B.Significant,becausethefindingswereanimpetusforsubsequentresearch.
C.Controversial,becausethefindingscontradictedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.
D.Questionable,becausetheauthorswerenotworkingintheirfieldofexpertise
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Determiningthedatesofvariousgeologicevents
B.DefendingtheconclusionsreachedbyRaupandSepkoski
C.Establishingalinkbetweenthedisciplinesofpaleontologyandgeology
D.Explaininghowatheoryconcerninggeologiceventswasformulated.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Learningmoreaboutthehabitatsofmarinespecies.
B.Studyingplatetectonicsandtheoccurrenceofvolcanismoverthepast268millionyears
C.Examiningextinctionsofmarinespeciesoverthepast268millionyears
D.Confirmingpreviousevidencesuggestingthatextinctionofterrestrialspeciesoccurredregularly
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.兩位古生物學(xué)家,Raup和Sepkoski,編制了一份在過去2.68億年間滅絕的海洋物種的總清單,并指出,有一段短暫的時(shí)期,許多物種同時(shí)消失?!边@種發(fā)現(xiàn)為后面研究帶來了巨大的影響。B項(xiàng)“意義重大,因?yàn)檫@些發(fā)現(xiàn)是后續(xù)研究的推動(dòng)力?!毕喾?/p>
2.推理判斷題。由第一段第一句話“Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonics...認(rèn)為重大地質(zhì)事件可能定期發(fā)生這一理論的起源可以追溯到火山活動(dòng)或板塊構(gòu)造研究?!笨梢钥闯鋈闹饕侵v述板塊理論如何形成的。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段“RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.普和塞普科斯基編撰了一份過去2.68億年間滅絕的海洋物種的總名單,并指出,有一段短暫的時(shí)期,許多物種同時(shí)消失。”可知他們主要是證明之前的生物滅絕是突然發(fā)生的還是具有周期性的結(jié)果。C項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.翻譯題
ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.
宇宙間繁星密布,人們以為這之中有一些如我們的太陽一樣為行星環(huán)繞,而在這些行星上可能存在有智能的生物,或許他們比我們更先進(jìn)。所以有可能在百萬年左右某些生物乘坐自己的飛船穿越太空時(shí),會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的某艘“旅行者(Voyager)”號飛船。星球之間的距離十分遙遠(yuǎn),這樣的一次相聚可能性極小,但這并不是完全不可能的??茖W(xué)家希望有機(jī)會和我們遙遠(yuǎn)的鄰居傳遞信息,讓他們知道我們這個(gè)藍(lán)色的星球曾經(jīng)是相當(dāng)聰明的、多少有點(diǎn)文明的人類的家園。
【答案】Amongthestarswhichdottheuniverse,peoplethinkthattherearesomestarsencircledbyplanetslikeoursunandintelligentcreaturesmayliveontheseplanets,maybetheyaremoreadvancedthanus.Soitispossiblethatwhensomecreaturestaketheirownspacecraftthroughspaceaboutonemillionyearslater,theywillfindoneofour“Voyager”spacecraft.Thedistancebetweenplanetsissofarawaythatthechanceofsuchameetingisverysmall,butthisisnotentirelyimpossible.Scientistshopetohavetheopportunitytopassinformationtoourdistantneighbors,lettingthemknowourblueplanetusedtobethehomelandofhumanbeingwhoisveryintelligentandsomewhatcivilized.
6.填空題
Theoveremphasisontheexteriorelevationinitsformerdesignresultedintheclosenessand________oftheinteriorspace.(regular)
【答案】irregularity
【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and,可知橫線處和closeness都是名詞,結(jié)合語境,過分強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的外部立面致使建筑不規(guī)則,irregularity意思為“不規(guī)則(或無規(guī)律)的事物”,符合語境。
【句意】在原有設(shè)計(jì)中過分強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的外部立面,導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)空間的封閉和不規(guī)則。
7.翻譯題
TherisingpopularityoftextmessagingonmobilephonesposesathreattowritingstandardsamongIrishschoolchildren,anIrisheducationcommissionsays.
Thefrequencyoferrorsingrammarandpunctuationhasbecomeaseriousconcern,theStateExaminationCommissionsaidinareportafterreviewinglastyear’sexamperformanceby15-year-olds.
"Theemergenceofthemobilephoneandtheriseoftextmessagingasapopularmeansofcommunicationwouldappeartohaveimpactedonstandardsofwritingasevidencedintheresponsesofcandidates,"thereportsaid,accordingtoWednesday'sIrishTimes.
"Textmessaging,withitsuseofphoneticspellingandlittleornopunctuation,seemstoposeathreattotraditionalconventionsinwriting."
Thereportlamentsthat,inmanycases,candidatesseemed"undulyreliantonshortsentences,simpletenseandalimitedvocabulary."
In2003,Irish15-year-oldswereamongthetop10performersinaninternationalleaguetableofliteracystandardscompiledbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.
【答案】愛爾蘭某教育委員會稱,手機(jī)短信的日益普及對愛爾蘭學(xué)生的書寫規(guī)范造成了威脅。
愛爾蘭國家考試委員會在針對去年15歲學(xué)生考試成績的評論報(bào)告中稱,語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤頻頻出現(xiàn),已成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。
據(jù)周三的《愛爾蘭時(shí)報(bào)》消息,這份報(bào)告中稱,“手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)和手機(jī)短信日益成為一種流行的交流方式,對書寫規(guī)范造成了不良影響,這在考生的答卷中得到了證明。”
“發(fā)手機(jī)短信常用語音輸入法,很少或根本不用標(biāo)點(diǎn),這對傳統(tǒng)的書寫規(guī)范造成了威脅。”
報(bào)告指出,在很多情況下,考生“過度使用短句和簡單的時(shí)態(tài),所用的詞匯也很有限。”
2003年,在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織編制的一份國際識字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)排行榜上,愛爾蘭15歲兒童的表現(xiàn)躋身前10名。
8.單選題
Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.
B.Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.
C.Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.
D.Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.
B.Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.
C.Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.
D.Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.
B.Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.
C.Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.
D.Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
【解析】RecordingTwo
In1994,theWorldChessChampionshipwascalledoffabruptly,duetothewitheredframeofaplayerwhoiscompetingforthetitle.Hewasn’taloneinexperiencingtheextremephysicaleffectsofthegame.Eliteplayerscanreportedlyburnuptoanabsurd6,000caloriesinoneday.Doesthatmeanthatthinkingharderisasimpleroutetolosingweight?Well,[19]whenthebodyisatrest,weknowthatthebrainusesupastartling20%to25%ofthebody’soverallenergy.Thislevelofutilizationactuallymakesthebrainthemostenergy-expensiveorganinthebody,andyetitmakesuponly2%ofthebody’sweightoverall.
Sothemoreweputthisorgantowork,themorecalorieswe’llburn?Technically,theanswerisyes,forcognitivelydifficulttasks.Whatcountsasa“difficult”mentaltaskvariesbetweenindividuals.Butgenerally,itcouldbedescribedassomethingthatthebraincannotsolveeasilyusingpreviouslylearnedroutines,ortasksthatchangetheconditionscontinuously.However,deepthinkingwillnotburnoffthecaloriesgainedfromeatingasugarysnack.Becauseinrelationtothebrain’shugeoverallenergyusage,whichisdevotedtoamultitudeoftasks,theenergyrequiredjusttothinkharderisactuallycomparativelytiny.[20]We’reunconsciousofmostofwhatusesupthebrain’senergy.Alotofthatactivityisunrelatedtoconsciousactivitieslikelearninghowtosingorplaytheguitar.Thebrainisabletoallocateblood(andthusenergy)toparticularregionsthatarebeingactiveatthatpoint.But[21]theoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrainisthoughttobeconstant.So,whiletheremightbesignificantincreasesinenergyuseatlocalizedregionsofthebrainwhenweperformdifficultcognitivetasks,whenitcomestothewholebrain’senergybudgetoverall,theseactivitiesdon’tsignificantlyalterit.
So,whydidthechesschampiongrowtooskinnytocompeteinhischesscompetition?Thegeneralconsensusisthatitmostlycomesdowntostressandreducedfoodconsumption,notmentalexhaustion.Keepingyourbodypumpedupforactionforlongperiodsoftimeisveryenergy-demanding.Ifyoucan’teatasoftenorasmuchasyoucanorwouldnormally—thenyoumightloseweight.
19.Whatdowelearnaboutthebrainwhenthebodyisatrest?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】題目問的是當(dāng)身體處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)大腦的情況。說話者提及,當(dāng)身體處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí),大腦會消耗身體總能量的20%到25%,A選項(xiàng)“它消耗的能量幾乎占人體總能量的四分之一”是對原文錄音的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“它繼續(xù)燃燒卡路里,幫助我們保持體形”和C選項(xiàng)“它比在深度思考時(shí)消耗的能量更少”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除;D選項(xiàng)“它保持不活躍,沒有明顯燃燒卡路里”與錄音表達(dá)恰好相反,因此不正確。
20.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheconsumptionofthebrain’senergy?
【試題答案】B
【試題解析】題目問說話者對大腦能量的消耗有什么看法?說話者提出,我們無從感覺到是什么消耗了大腦的能量,而這些消耗能量的活動(dòng)大部分與有意識的活動(dòng)無關(guān),因此B選項(xiàng)“大部分消耗與有意識的活動(dòng)無關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“用于主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的能量消耗占了很大一部分”在錄音中并未提及;C選項(xiàng)“有相當(dāng)一部分是用于執(zhí)行困難的認(rèn)知任務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“這與正在論及的活動(dòng)的難度有關(guān)”。錄音原文表述的是:當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行困難的認(rèn)知任務(wù)時(shí),大腦局部區(qū)域的能量使用可能會顯著增加,但當(dāng)涉及大腦的整體能量預(yù)算時(shí),這些活動(dòng)并不會使它有顯著改變。C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符,因此排除。
21.Whatdowelearnabouttheoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrain?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問我們了解到大腦中的整體能量供應(yīng)是怎樣的?錄音中提到大腦中的總體能量供應(yīng)是恒定的。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為它基本保持不變”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它有利于緩解精神疲憊”;B選項(xiàng)“它是任何心理活動(dòng)的前提”以及D選項(xiàng)“它被認(rèn)為與食物消耗有關(guān)”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。
9.單選題
Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comprehend
B.ignore
C.confirm
D.defend
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。comprehend理解,包含;ignore忽視,不理睬confirm確認(rèn),確定;defend辯護(hù)。由前半句可知說話者與接受者之間存在矛盾,故后面可推知這兩者之間還存在另一種矛盾,即容易表達(dá)的話卻難以理解。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意:說話者和傾聽者常常意見不一致:容易讓接受者理解的語言往往很難產(chǎn)生,而容易表達(dá)的語言卻很難理解。
10.單選題
Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.
Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.
Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.
Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.
47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.
48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?
49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?
50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart
B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart
C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext
D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Objective
B.Mechanical
C.Superficial
D.Paradoxical
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.
B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.
C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.
D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.
B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.
C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.
D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:D
【解析】47.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章一開始講述了19世紀(jì)攝影家為確立攝影是藝術(shù)而提出的種種依據(jù),并把繪畫和攝影作比較,來反駁否定攝影的論點(diǎn),第二段和第三段闡述了即使攝影被確立為一門藝術(shù),當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師仍然聲稱自己絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品,接著作者用抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫和古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫進(jìn)行舉例,證明攝影更多的是關(guān)注自身的主題而非藝術(shù),最后總結(jié)攝影宣傳會使公眾忘記攝影是一種藝術(shù)。綜上所知,文章中的作者主要關(guān)注的是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度,所以C項(xiàng)“解釋當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對攝影藝術(shù)的態(tài)度,并將這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史背景中”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“定義現(xiàn)代主義對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”、B項(xiàng)“解釋攝影是如何成為一門藝術(shù)的”和D項(xiàng)“定義當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對他們的藝術(shù)采取的各種方法,并評估這些方法的價(jià)值”都只是部分提及。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
48.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)形容詞最好地描述了作者在第2段中描述的‘現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念’?”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.(這說明他們就是把現(xiàn)代主義勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的,其合理程度是:藝術(shù)越強(qiáng),對藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的破壞得越大。),結(jié)合第二段倒數(shù)第三句有提到Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.(嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我,但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。)可知,嚴(yán)肅的攝影師雖然聲稱自己不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品,但是他們卻把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的,可推理這是一種矛盾的現(xiàn)象,所以D項(xiàng)“矛盾的”正確。A項(xiàng)“客觀的”、B項(xiàng)“機(jī)械的,呆板的”和C項(xiàng)“膚淺的”都不正確。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
49.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者為什么要介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家?”。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段第二句Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.(例如,這些認(rèn)為通過拍照可以擺脫繪畫所表現(xiàn)的藝術(shù)的矯飾的攝影家,使我們想起了那些抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家,他們想象著通過專注于繪畫的物理行為來擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的嚴(yán)肅思想),結(jié)合第二段提到的Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.(嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我,但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。)推斷,作者在第三段介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的例子,是要舉例說明這些畫家也如同當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣,擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目的,故A項(xiàng)“他要列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子,他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)上被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的”正確。B項(xiàng)“他想在抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家和古典現(xiàn)代主義畫家之間找出相似點(diǎn)”不符合原文。C項(xiàng)“他要在流行藝術(shù)家和其它藝術(shù)家之間作一個(gè)對比”,文中在此處介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家是想和當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家進(jìn)行類比,而不是流行藝術(shù)家和其他藝術(shù)家的對比,所以C項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“他想解釋為什么嚴(yán)肅攝影,像其它當(dāng)代視覺形式一樣不是藝術(shù),而且也不應(yīng)當(dāng)充作藝術(shù)”,文中沒有提到其他當(dāng)代視覺藝術(shù)形式不是藝術(shù)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
50.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者是如何強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影的?”。第一段最后兩句提到Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.(整個(gè)十九世紀(jì),對攝影的捍衛(wèi)與將其確立為一門藝術(shù)的斗爭是一致的。有人指責(zé)攝影是一種沒有靈魂的和對現(xiàn)實(shí)機(jī)械性的復(fù)制,攝影工作者卻聲稱攝影不是復(fù)制品,而是一種特殊的觀察方式,是對平庸視覺的叛逆,和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價(jià)值。),由此可推知,19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者認(rèn)為攝影和繪畫一樣具有藝術(shù)價(jià)值,它是一種藝術(shù),所以D項(xiàng)“這是一種可與繪畫相媲美的藝術(shù)”正確。A項(xiàng)“他們強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是一種讓人快樂的方式”沒有提到。B項(xiàng)“它是記錄世界的藝術(shù)”和C項(xiàng)“這是一種公正地觀察世界的裝置”是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對自己工作的聲稱,并不是攝影捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.incasenot
B.lest
C.inorderthat
D.offearthat
【答案】B
【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:他寫下了地址,以免忘記。橫線到句尾部分是原因狀語從句。A選項(xiàng)incase“以免”,不加not;B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”;C選項(xiàng)inorderthat“以便”;D選項(xiàng)fear“擔(dān)心”,offearthat不合語法。寫下地址是為了防止忘記和語法正確性,B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Alllivingorganismsconstantlyabsorbcarbon14______theirexistence.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.out
B.about
C.around
D.throughout
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)out“向外”,B項(xiàng)about“大約,關(guān)于”,C項(xiàng)around“圍繞”,D項(xiàng)throughout“自始至終,遍及”。句意:所有生物在其生存過程中都會不斷地吸收碳14。因此D項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite(
)qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.unbiased
B.manipulated
C.distorted
D.conveyed
【答案】A
【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)unbiased“公正的,無偏見的”;B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”;C選項(xiàng)distorted“扭曲的”;D選項(xiàng)conveyed“傳達(dá)”。
句意:當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備你的演講時(shí),一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來源和例子。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
14.單選題
Areportpublishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution.Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.ThereportwaspublishedbytheUKRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution.Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?Quitealot,itturnsout.
Avoidwalkinginbusystreets.Choosesidestreetsandparksinstead.Pollutionlevelscanfallaconsiderableamountjustbymovingafewmetersawayfromthemainpollutionsource—exhaustfumes(煙氣).Alsodon’twalkbehindsmokers.Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.
Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.Sittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceexposure.Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.Butdieselandpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants.
Whenyouarecrossingaroad,standwellbackfromthecurbwhileyouwaitforthelighttochange.Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic.Asthetrafficbeginstomove,fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds.Soholdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference,eventhoughitmightsoundsilly.
Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours.Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime.Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference.Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2.Accordingtothereport,airpollutioninbigcities().
3.Whenyouwalkinabusystreet,youshouldwalkontheside().
4.IfyoutakeabusinabigcityinChina,youshouldsit().
5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Howtofightairpollutioninbigcities.t
B.Howtoavoidairpollutioninbigcities.t
C.Howtobreathefreshairinbigcities.t
D.Howseriousairpollutionisinbigcities.t
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.canbemoreseriousthanChermobylnucleardisastert
B.cannotbecomparedwiththedisasterinChermobylt
C.canreleaseasdamagingradiationastheChermobyldisastert
D.canbemoreseriousthanweusedtothinkt
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.wherethewindiscomingt
B.wherethewindisgoingt
C.wherethewindisweakert
D.wherethewindisstrongert
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.ontheleftsideinthebust
B.ontherightsideinthebust
C.inthemiddleofthebust
D.atthebackofthebust
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.peopleshouldnottakestreetleveltransportationt
B.tinyironparticleswillnotcausehealthproblemst
C.airpollutiononanundergroundtrainislesspoisonoust
D.travelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterthantakingthebus
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么?”。通讀全文可知,文章講述的是空氣污染以及人類應(yīng)該如何避免受到空氣污染的傷害;根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?(但是城市居民能做些什么來減少空氣污染呢)以及文章末段Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.(春天和秋天的風(fēng)最清新,污染水平往往是最低的;極冷或極熱的天氣具有捕獲效應(yīng),往往會導(dǎo)致污染物的積累),由此可知,文章的主旨主要是講述如何在大城市呼吸到新鮮的空氣,因此C項(xiàng)“如何在大城市呼吸新鮮空氣”正確。A項(xiàng)“如何對抗大城市的空氣污染”和B項(xiàng)“如何避免大城市的空氣污染”在第二段到第四段都有提及到,但是比較片面,不能概括文章主旨;D項(xiàng)“大城市的空氣污染有多嚴(yán)重”,這是對空氣污染的細(xì)節(jié)描寫,不足以概括全文。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)報(bào)告,大城市的污染……”。根據(jù)第一段第二句Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.(它表明,它對我們健康的危害可能與1986年烏克蘭核電站災(zāi)難的輻射一樣大),由此可推斷,大城市的污染比我們想的要更嚴(yán)重得多,因此D項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)比我們想象的更嚴(yán)重”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“會比切爾莫比爾的核災(zāi)難更嚴(yán)重”,原文是說一樣大,該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“無法與切爾莫比爾的災(zāi)難相比”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“能釋放出和切爾莫比爾災(zāi)難一樣破壞性的輻射”,空氣污染不會釋放輻射,C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“當(dāng)你走在繁忙的街道上,你應(yīng)該走在……馬路邊”。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.(走在街道的迎風(fēng)一側(cè),接觸到的污染物比下風(fēng)一側(cè)少50%)可知,走在街道上時(shí),最好選擇迎風(fēng)的一側(cè)道路,所以A項(xiàng)“風(fēng)吹來的方向”正確。B項(xiàng)“風(fēng)吹走的方向”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“風(fēng)較弱的地方”和D項(xiàng)“風(fēng)較強(qiáng)的地方”未提及。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“如果你在中國的大城市坐公交車,你應(yīng)該坐……”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.(與坐在離人行道最近的一側(cè)相比,坐在公交車司機(jī)一側(cè)會增加10%的暴露量),由此推測,在中國乘坐公共汽車,公共汽車?yán)锩婵坑疫叺淖豢諝馕廴静荒敲磭?yán)重,所以B項(xiàng)“公共汽車的右邊座位”正確。A項(xiàng)“公共汽車的左邊座位”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“公共汽車的中間座位”和D項(xiàng)“公共汽車的后面座位”都未提及。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示了……”。文章第三段提到Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.(很難說坐地鐵比坐公共汽車好還是壞;地鐵上的空氣污染比街道上的空氣污染毒性要小,因?yàn)榈叵挛廴局饕怯绍囕喿矒翳F軌時(shí)揚(yáng)起的微小鐵顆粒構(gòu)成的),由此可推斷,地鐵上也有空氣污染,但是比公共汽車上的污染毒性小一點(diǎn),所以C項(xiàng)“地鐵上的空氣污染毒性較小”正確。A項(xiàng)“人們不應(yīng)該乘坐街道交通工具”,該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太絕對;B項(xiàng)“細(xì)小的鐵顆粒不會引起健康問題”,原文提到了地鐵空氣污染毒性比街道空氣污染毒性小,這并不代表地鐵的空氣污染不會引起健康問題;D項(xiàng)“坐地鐵比坐公共汽車好”,原文提到“很難說坐地鐵比坐公共汽車好還是壞”,所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
EventhoughCochranbeatMcDanielbymore6,000votesinthenationalelection,thelatterdidn’t(),complainingthatAfricanAmericansvotingforCochranlosthimtherace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tangle
B.concede
C.torment
D.stalk
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)tangle表示“(和……)爭吵;打架;使纏結(jié)在一起”;B選項(xiàng)concede表示“讓步,承認(rèn),退讓”;C選項(xiàng)torment表示“折磨,痛苦,捉弄”;D選項(xiàng)stalk表示“追蹤,偷偷接近”。根據(jù)eventhough可判斷前后兩句為讓步關(guān)系,由后文“complainingthatAfricanAmericansvotingforCochranlosthimtherace”可知,McDaniel抱怨是非洲裔美國人投票給Cochran才導(dǎo)致他輸?shù)袅烁傔x,說明他依然對這件事耿耿于懷,可見他并不承認(rèn)失敗。因此,本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
16.單選題
Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext,shewasconfusedbythe______ofherfeelings.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.agitation
B.ambivalence
C.anachronism
D.abnegation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)agitation表示“激動(dòng),攪動(dòng),煽動(dòng)”,B項(xiàng)ambivalence表示“矛盾情緒,正反感情并存”,C項(xiàng)anachronism表示“時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤,不合潮流的人或物”,D項(xiàng)abnegation表示“拒絕,放棄”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext(對她父母時(shí)愛時(shí)恨)可知,“矛盾情緒”符合語境。句意:她因深陷于對她父母時(shí)愛時(shí)恨的矛盾心態(tài)中而感到困惑不堪。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily()itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.byforceof
B.byrightof
C.bydintof
D.withtheassistanceof
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)byforceof“用…的手段”;B選項(xiàng)byrightof“憑借,由于”,多指憑借權(quán)利;C選項(xiàng)bydintof“用,憑借”,多指憑借某一事物;D選項(xiàng)withtheassistanceof“在…的援助下”。句意:微軟多年來一直是世界上最富有的科技公司,這主要是憑借其對Windows的所有權(quán)和發(fā)展。Windows是個(gè)人電腦應(yīng)用程序的通用平臺。這里憑借的是Windows這一事物而不是權(quán)利,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
18.單選題
Therehasnotbeenagreatresponsetothesale,()?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.doesthere
B.hasn’tthere
C.hasn’tit
D.hasthere
【答案】D
【解析】考查反義疑問句。含有therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的反義疑問句,如果陳述部分為therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),則疑問部分用be(not)there。例如:Thereisnotmuchnews,isthere?本題用的是therebe句型的完成時(shí)的否定形式,所以反義疑問句要
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