考研考博-英語-大同師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大同師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theydidnotfind______topreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.worththeirwhile

B.itworthwhile

C.itworth

D.itworthy

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.worththeirwhile值得B.itworthwhile值得

C.itworth值得D.itworthy值得

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)find可知，findit+adj.+todo是固定搭配，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)干某事是……”，而worthwhile的搭配是itisworthwhiletodo（做某事是值得的），所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C項(xiàng)worth要與doing搭配使用；

D項(xiàng)worthy要與of搭配使用。

【句意】他們覺得為可能遇到的最壞情況做準(zhǔn)備是不值得的。

2.單選題

Thegovernmentlackedmoneybecauseofbitingoil（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prices

B.stations

C.buildings

D.revenues

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。price“價(jià)格；價(jià)值”；station“車站；駐地；地位”；building“建筑；建筑物”；revenue“稅收，稅收收入”。句意：政府因?yàn)榧值氖褪杖攵卞X。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.blame責(zé)怪，指責(zé)B.dedicate奉獻(xiàn)，投身

C.attribute歸因，歸于D.conclude推定，得出結(jié)論

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“failure（失?。睒?gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示他們不得不怎么樣自己的失敗，并且要能夠和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation（準(zhǔn)備不足）”可知，這是他們失敗的原因，所以空格處應(yīng)該是表達(dá)將失敗的原因歸于準(zhǔn)備不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于，認(rèn)為……是由于”，因此C選項(xiàng)attribute“歸因，歸于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)blame“責(zé)怪，指責(zé)”，blamesth.onsth.指將不好的事歸罪、歸咎于某事物，不能和to進(jìn)行搭配；

B選項(xiàng)dedicate“奉獻(xiàn)，投身”，dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活動(dòng)或目標(biāo)上投入大量的時(shí)間和精力，不能和“failure（失?。边M(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)conclude“推定，得出結(jié)論”指根據(jù)所見所聞做出決定或相信某事，不能和to進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】他們不得不把失敗歸咎于準(zhǔn)備不足。

4.單選題

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍；余象”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金”。句意：天才兒童將根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績于下周開始______。根據(jù)語境，這里應(yīng)該指將學(xué)生進(jìn)行分班，A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱：“在我看來，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣?xùn)|西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)和精神領(lǐng)域的獨(dú)立意識(shí)。”也就是說，他認(rèn)為日本應(yīng)該引進(jìn)西方文明，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)C明顯錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項(xiàng)D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識(shí)地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說，傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué)根深蒂固，是日本社會(huì)不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級(jí)之間的關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合要求。

4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。作者其實(shí)是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

6.單選題

AnotherfoodcropraisedbyIndians______strangetotheEuropeanwascalledIndiancorn.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whowere

B.thatwere

C.thatwas

D.whowas

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：印第安人種植的另一種對歐洲人來說很陌生的糧食作物叫作印第安玉米。橫線及strangetotheEuropean部分是修飾anotherfoodcrop的定語從句，根據(jù)anotherfoodcrop是不可數(shù)名詞確定用thatwas，C選項(xiàng)thatwas符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.negotiated談判；協(xié)商B.initiated開始；發(fā)起

C.launched發(fā)射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：收銀臺(tái)下面隱藏的警報(bào)器可以在緊急情況下……。根據(jù)邏輯，在緊急情況下，可以啟動(dòng)也就是激活警報(bào)器。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】收銀臺(tái)下面隱藏的警報(bào)器可以在緊急情況下啟動(dòng)。

8.單選題

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.viewpoint

B.vocation

C.prospect

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這本書將她的……從社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向精神方面，因?yàn)樗闹黝}是在改變他人之前，你必須先改變自己。viewpoint“觀點(diǎn)，視角”；vocation“職業(yè)”；prospect“前景，期望”；preference“偏愛，傾向”。根據(jù)“fromsocialtospiritual”可推測劃線單詞的意思是“觀點(diǎn)”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

LibbyliedtoinvestigatorsabouthisroleindisclosingtheidentityofaCIAofficerinorderto_______theWhiteHousefrompoliticalembarrassment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aviate

B.recover

C.berate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】aviate飛行；recover重新獲得，恢復(fù)；berate嚴(yán)責(zé)，申斥；insulate使絕緣，隔離。句意：在揭露一名中情局官員的身份時(shí)，利比向調(diào)查人員隱瞞了自己的任務(wù)，目的是讓白宮不會(huì)陷人政治困境。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago:spotswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbear-baiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattleeachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof'thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteenrounds.Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsoranyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis______.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis_______

.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis_______

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notveryhigh

B.high

C.contemptuous

D.critical

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports

D.peopleareblood-thirstyinsports

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople

B.togiveanexample

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtoblood-thirsty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Three

B.Five

C.Six

D.Seven

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves

B.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wecanimprovelaw

C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem

D.toshowthelawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到關(guān)鍵句第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.以及第二段第三句Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.（任何有關(guān)“體育精神”的說法都是徹頭徹尾的偽善）。第二段最后一句Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.（他們感到失望，因?yàn)樗麄儽粍儕Z了目睹長期折磨和暴力的美妙樂趣），第二步，概括理解，從這里可以看出作者對現(xiàn)在人類的看法也覺得他們不高尚，不然不會(huì)有這么多人喜歡看這種暴力游戲，選A選項(xiàng)“不是很高尚”；

B選項(xiàng)“高尚”，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“蔑視的”，定位到WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.（他們可能會(huì)輕蔑地談?wù)摽蓱z的古羅馬人，因?yàn)樗麄兿硎苤诟偧紙錾线M(jìn)行的殺戮狂歡），這個(gè)是現(xiàn)代人對古羅馬人的觀點(diǎn)，不是作者對現(xiàn)代人的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“批判的”，作者對人喜歡暴力這種行為是持批判態(tài)度的，不止包括現(xiàn)代人，D選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一步，分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，全文是分總結(jié)構(gòu)，整篇文章圍繞著人類喜歡暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為展開的，第一段引入現(xiàn)代人和古羅馬人對比，指出現(xiàn)代人仍然喜歡暴力，第二段對第一段進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充，第三段作者希望人類能夠放棄這種暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒數(shù)二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.（如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)和暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們將進(jìn)一步改善人類。我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力是可恥的，不值得人類使用），由此可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“非法和危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該被法律禁止”；

B選項(xiàng)“人們愿意花大量的錢去看暴力”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.（觀眾愿意花大價(jià)錢看暴力），文章雖然有提及但是不是文章主旨，這里屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“比較對危險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的兩種不同態(tài)度”，全文沒有對比兩種態(tài)度屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“人們在運(yùn)動(dòng)中是嗜血的”，定位到第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?（我們不那么嗜血了嗎?），這句文章雖然有提及但不是文章主旨，所以不能選，這里屬于以偏概全。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到該段中心句第一段第一句Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.（當(dāng)你想到我們在技術(shù)上取得的巨大進(jìn)步時(shí)，令人驚訝的是，我們在其他方面的發(fā)展微乎其微），第二步，尋找上下文線索，從這里可以看出作者的觀點(diǎn)是人類除了在科技方面有進(jìn)步其他方面都沒有進(jìn)步，然后引出羅馬人的例子來解釋作者為什么這么說，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“將古羅馬人和現(xiàn)代的人進(jìn)行比較”；

B選項(xiàng)“舉個(gè)例子”，文章的重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)代人仍然嗜血不是人類喜歡嗜血游戲，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“來表明過去的人類沒有比這更好的了”，定位到第三段第四句話Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.（我們可以屈尊地原諒他們，因?yàn)樗麄兩钤?000年前，顯然不知道什么是更好的。），這里文章雖然提及，但與題干不相關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“表明人類已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了嗜血”是文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，第一段第六行boxingmatches“拳賽”，第一段最后一句publichangingsorbear-baiting“逗熊游戲”，第二段第一行huntingorbull-fighting，第二段第三行racingcars“賽車”，從這里可知答案選B；publichanging“公開絞刑”是一種刑罰不是娛樂活動(dòng)，所以不能選C。

第5題:主旨大意題。第一步，分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，全文是分總結(jié)構(gòu)，整篇文章圍繞著人類喜歡暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為展開的，第一段引入現(xiàn)代人和古羅馬人對比，指出現(xiàn)代人仍然喜歡暴力，第二段對第一段進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充，第三段作者希望人類能夠放棄這種暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒數(shù)二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.（如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)和暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們將進(jìn)一步改善人類。我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力是可恥的，不值得人類使用），由此可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“通過禁止暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們?nèi)祟惪梢蕴岣咦约骸保?/p>

B選項(xiàng)“通過禁止暴力體育活動(dòng)，我們可以完善法律”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“我們必須采取積極措施來改善社會(huì)福利制度”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“說明法律是社會(huì)變革的主要工具”。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句話Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.雖然文章有提及法律是社會(huì)變革的主要工具，但是作者提到這個(gè)是希望通過立法把這種暴力游戲禁止從而達(dá)到人類自我提升的目的，所以不選，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

11.翻譯題

1.綠水青山就是金山銀山，保護(hù)環(huán)境就是保護(hù)生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展環(huán)境就是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。

2.人類命運(yùn)共同體，顧名思義就是每個(gè)地區(qū)每個(gè)國家應(yīng)該把命運(yùn)緊緊聯(lián)系在一起，榮辱與共，共同進(jìn)步。

3.應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離封閉的世界，打造開放的世界，中國有句古話，“萬物共存而不相害，道共行而不相逆”，我們應(yīng)該求同存異，尋找其他事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，發(fā)展自己。

【答案】1.Lucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets;protectingtheenvironmentmeansprotectingproduction;developingenvironmentmeansdevelopingproductivity.

2.Humancommunitywithasharedfuture,asthenamesuggests,meansthateveryregionandcountryshouldcloselylinktheirdestiniesandsharewealandwoeforcommonprogress.

3.Weshouldstayawayfromaclosedworldandbuildanopenworld.AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,“Alllivingthingscoexistwithoutharmingeachother,andallroadsworktogetherwithoutgoingagainsteachother.”Weshouldseekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences,lookforthestrengthsofotherthingsanddevelopourselves.

12.單選題

Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually（

）andturnintosoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.decay

C.fade

D.wither

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contract“合同，婚約”;decay“腐爛，腐朽”;fade“淡出”；wither“凋謝，衰弱”。句意：樹葉終將從樹上飄落，腐爛后化作泥土。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Shespokeso______attheconference,asthoughthesaidissuewasoflittleimportance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seriously

B.casually

C.stubbornly

D.comically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞解析。A選項(xiàng)seriously“認(rèn)真地；嚴(yán)重地，嚴(yán)肅地”；B選項(xiàng)casually“隨便地；偶然地；臨時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)stubbornly“倔強(qiáng)地；頑固地；頑強(qiáng)地；固執(zhí)地”；D選項(xiàng)comically“滑稽地；詼諧地”。句意：她在會(huì)議上講話那么隨便，好像那個(gè)問題不重要似的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Idon’tthinkthatthisquestionissubordinate（）themainaimofourcompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題不屬于我們公司的主要目標(biāo)。besubordinateto意為“從屬于……，次于……”，選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Hewasextremely（

）bytheillnessofhisdaughter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitated

B.exploited

C.influenced

D.dominated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agitate“使..不安”；B選項(xiàng)exploit“開發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”。句意：女兒的疾病使他特別焦慮不安。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）也就是說生物多樣性的減少是由于個(gè)體家庭數(shù)量的激增，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“人類正在威脅許多野生動(dòng)物”；文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“近年來人口一直在減少”，不是原因；D選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物依賴更多的個(gè)體家庭”，無關(guān)項(xiàng)。

57.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第一句話Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在規(guī)模更大的家庭中，資源消耗的效率會(huì)高得多，因?yàn)楦嗟娜朔窒頄|西。）因此A選項(xiàng)“大家庭在消耗自然資源方面比小家庭更有效率”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無論是大家庭還是小家庭都需要相同數(shù)量的自然資源”；C選項(xiàng)“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D選項(xiàng)“大家庭生活更節(jié)儉”都是原文沒有提到的。

58.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長得更快，從而對竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）可知，小規(guī)模家庭的增多，意味著對自然生態(tài)的破壞就越多，生物的多樣性就會(huì)減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體家庭的增加導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬唤橐獗Ｗo(hù)自然環(huán)境”，并沒有體現(xiàn)；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)該進(jìn)一步控制人口的增長”，過度推斷；C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诘脑黾訉?dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小規(guī)模家庭的增多，錯(cuò)誤。

59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段最后一句話Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（環(huán)保人士聲稱，地球上四分之一到一半的物種可能在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。）通過這句話可知，人口的增多，將導(dǎo)致更多的生物物種在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。因此D選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)將有更多的野生物種滅絕”正確。A選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)人們生活水平的下降”；B選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)生活環(huán)境的惡化”以及C選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)更多野生物種的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意題。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長得更快，從而對竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）都可以得知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)小規(guī)模家庭的增多，勢必會(huì)消耗更多的能源，破壞更多的生態(tài)平衡，也就導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少，因此C選項(xiàng)“地球的生物多樣性也與家庭的數(shù)量有關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人口的增長導(dǎo)致了對自然世界更多的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物數(shù)量的減少是由于自然界生物多樣性的減少”以及“地球的生物多樣性依賴于大大小小的家庭的平衡增長”，都不能闡釋文章的主題。

17.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deteriorate“惡化”；dissipate“浪費(fèi)”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗盡”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他對工作的熱情慢慢耗盡了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.翻譯題

科學(xué)是關(guān)于自然的知識(shí)總體，它代表了人類的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧。科學(xué)并不是什么新東西，在有文字記載的歷史以前，當(dāng)人們最初發(fā)現(xiàn)了在他們周圍反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的各種關(guān)系時(shí)，就有了科學(xué)的開端。通過對這些關(guān)系的仔細(xì)觀察，人們開始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能夠做出預(yù)測，從而在某種程度上控制他們周圍的環(huán)境。

科學(xué)家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面雜亂無序中尋求規(guī)律的人。他們具有一種特殊的思考與分析能力，具有無限的耐心進(jìn)行觀察和收集數(shù)據(jù)。但是，并不能把一切科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都?xì)w因于能力和耐心，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常與創(chuàng)造性的想象力緊密相關(guān)。的確，想象力的飛躍往往是通向發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一步。另外，科學(xué)家也以其誠實(shí)而著稱。他們非常重視誠實(shí)，主要是因?yàn)檎\實(shí)對他們至關(guān)重要。他們提出的每一個(gè)理論都要受到進(jìn)一步的檢驗(yàn)。每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤或謊言必將被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了與他們的想法相矛盾的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家不是隱瞞證據(jù)，而是修改甚至放棄他們的想法。這樣他們積累了極其大量的知識(shí)，這些知識(shí)幫助我們更好地了解自己及周圍的世界。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Scienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findings,andwisdomofthehumanrace.Scienceisnotsomethingnewbuthaditsbeginningsbeforerecordedhistorywhenhumansfirstdiscoveredreoccurringrelationshipsaroundthem.Throughcarefulobservationsoftheserelationships,theybegantoknownatureand,becauseofnature’sdependability,foundtheycouldmakepredictionstoenablesomecontrolovertheirsurroundings.

Scientistsareasmallgroupofpeoplewhostrivetogaininsightsintonature,seekingorderinseemingdisorderliness.Theyarecreditedwithaspecialabilitytothinkandanalyze,andwithinfinitepatienceinmakingobservationsandcollectingdata.Butabilityandpatiencedonotaccountforallscientificdiscoveries,whichoftenhavemuchtodowithcreativeimagination.Indeedaleapofimaginationisoftenthefirststeptowardsdiscovery.Scientistsarealsonotedfortheirhonesty.Theyplaceahighpremiumonhonestylargelybecauseitisessentialtotheircareer.Everytheorytheyformulateissubjectedtofurthertesting.Everymistakeorlieisboundtobefoundout.Thereforeifanyevidenceisfoundcontradictingtheirideas,scientistsdonotsuppresstheevidencebutmodifyorevenabandontheirideas.Inthiswaytheyhavebuiltupanimmensebodyofknowledge,whichhelpsustounderstandbetterourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

19.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity’spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.incidence

D.increment

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在過去十年內(nèi)這個(gè)城市的人口只有一個(gè)小幅度的增加。

名詞辨析。Intimacy親密，隱私;immortality永生,不朽;incidence發(fā)生率,影響;increment增加。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

20.單選題

Traditionally,thewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthisway,shehadtowash,stitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewoman,whichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.

Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseeofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdaily,year-longcohabitation.Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterests(andfriendship)aswellasmutuallysharedones,iftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities.

Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests—beingamusing,discussingwithpassionandpoint—andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.

Asinallfriendship,ahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachother,andtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogivethemcontinuingcommoninterests.Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.

Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomen,homerepresentschoreobligations,becausethehusbandonlytoleratesherwork