考研考博-英語-大連財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifyouhaveanyclothes______today,givethemtome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towash

B.tobewashed

C.forwashing

D.beingwashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你今天有衣服要洗，就給我。在固定句型have(give,show)sth.todo中，不定式與前邊的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，A選項(xiàng)towash符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)towed“拖，拉”；B選項(xiàng)pressed“按，壓”；C選項(xiàng)tossed“拋，揚(yáng)起”；D選項(xiàng)propelled“推進(jìn)，推動(dòng)”。句意：在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們正在制作一艘由蒸汽推動(dòng)的模型船。本句表示推進(jìn)船的動(dòng)力，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thecoalitionpartieshaveaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupporttheailingmarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapidlyexpanding

B.steadilyimproving

C.makingchanges

D.havingdifficulties

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞ailing意為“生病的，身體不舒服的；病態(tài)的；處境困難的”；A選項(xiàng)“rapidlyexpanding”意為“迅速擴(kuò)大的”；B選項(xiàng)“steadilyimproving”意為“穩(wěn)定提高的”；C選項(xiàng)“makingchanges”意為“交換；更改”；D選項(xiàng)“havingdifficulties”意為“有困難的”。句意：聯(lián)合政黨已要求政府考慮動(dòng)用更多資金，幫助支撐低迷的市場(chǎng)。由題干可知，thegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupportthemarket（政府考慮動(dòng)用更多資金幫助支撐市場(chǎng)），可以推測(cè)出市場(chǎng)的情況不好，出現(xiàn)了困難。由此可知，ailing在此處最可能是“處境困難的”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Asaresult,themissionoftheschool,alongwihthecultureoftheclassroom,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasslowlytochange

B.areslowlychanged

C.isslowlychanging

D.haveslowlychanged

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知該題考查主謂一致的問題。插入部分的alongwith后的附加成分不影響謂語的數(shù)，因此謂語為單數(shù)形式。該句沒有時(shí)間詞表示過去，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Manythings______impossibleinthepastarecommontoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considered

B.toconsider

C.considering

D.beingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語。句意：許多過去認(rèn)為不可能的事情在今天很常見。句子的主干是manythingsarecommon（許多事情很普遍），橫線部分內(nèi)容和impossible組合起來修飾manythings，根據(jù)語境得知這里是指被認(rèn)為不可能的許多事，屬于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)considered符合題意，故正確。B選項(xiàng)toconsider為不定式表示目的等，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)considering表示主動(dòng)語態(tài)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)beingconsidered表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

In（）IwishIhadthoughtaboutalternativecoursesofaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retrospect

B.disparity

C.succession

D.dissipation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。retrospect“回顧”，disparity“不同，不等”；succession“連續(xù)”，dissipation“浪費(fèi)，消散”。inretrospect是固定搭配，意思是“回顧往事；檢討過去”，句意：回想過去，我希望我曾想過這個(gè)行動(dòng)的不同方案。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshockstiog24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock

Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成條件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtoskillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnoffthe

electricity（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（）.

33.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat（）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperiment

wasthat（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystem

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginfections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出:Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity(Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無助老鼠（不能關(guān)掉電流的老鼠）的免疫功能被削弱至低于正常水平，但是，對(duì)于那些能切斷電流的老鼠的免疫功能則不會(huì)受到影響)。因此B項(xiàng)“不受影響”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段第三句指出:Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol(但是，如果動(dòng)物有（老鼠）面對(duì)過控制不了的情況，那么，以后即使在自己能夠控制的情況下，其反應(yīng)也是消極的)，因此C項(xiàng)“在可控制的情況下，表現(xiàn)得消極”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener(將糖精與胃疼關(guān)聯(lián)后，老鼠很快學(xué)會(huì)避免糖精)。因此，選D項(xiàng)“他們與胃疼有關(guān)聯(lián)”。

4.判斷推理題。第三段舉例是為了證明該段中心句，即:...howthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponse...(思想是如何改變/影響免疫系統(tǒng))，故選C項(xiàng)“它們的免疫系統(tǒng)被其思想改變了”。

5.判斷推理題。第三段中Ader的實(shí)驗(yàn)說明通過各種具體手段使動(dòng)物形成某

種條件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。因此，A項(xiàng)“條件反射可能減弱免疫系統(tǒng)”正確。

8.單選題

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（

）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conservation“保存，保護(hù)”；B選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)定，保留”；C選項(xiàng)exhaustion“耗盡，枯竭”：D選項(xiàng)devastation“毀壞”；空格前一句是目的狀語“實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，所以空格所在句應(yīng)是‘資源保護(hù)有新的意義?！疉選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。atlarge“整個(gè)地”；atintervals“不時(shí)”；atease“不緊張”；atrandom“隨機(jī)”。句意：討論太長并且令人筋疲力盡，以至于說話的人時(shí)不時(shí)停下來吃點(diǎn)點(diǎn)心。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.ShadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheAppoloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.

TodayMarsloomsashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakeleadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplaceinthepastwas（

）.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis（

）.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”(linel,Para.4),theauthormeansthat（

）.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbyveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareissue

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteorite

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章開頭指出Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.即近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，出于不同程度的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或國家利益考慮，探險(xiǎn)家們冒著生命危險(xiǎn)探索著未知領(lǐng)域。D選項(xiàng)‘追求商業(yè)和國家利益’符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.即由于不再關(guān)心短期的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，冷戰(zhàn)的陰影也日漸退去，各國家更加重視彼此之間航空探險(xiǎn)合作。除了經(jīng)濟(jì)或民族主義，責(zé)任感使得人類開始踏上探索火星的征程。推斷出如今各國家發(fā)起大規(guī)模的航空探險(xiǎn)是出于科學(xué)研究考慮，而并非為了軍備競(jìng)賽或只圖短期利益。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段末尾IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.即如果證實(shí)生命曾經(jīng)在火星和地球上獨(dú)立地出現(xiàn)過，那么這將會(huì)解開科學(xué)史上最大的謎團(tuán)一一在整個(gè)宇宙中，生命肯定也普遍存在于其他星球上。確定A選項(xiàng)‘把人送上火星是為了證實(shí)那里曾經(jīng)有生命出現(xiàn)過‘符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen,意思是“火星的科學(xué)利益可以說比以往任何時(shí)候都要高?！薄皊takes”在這里的意思是“利益”。所以B選項(xiàng)‘就火星而言，科學(xué)探索的回報(bào)可能會(huì)非常高‘符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中最后一段“AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.對(duì)于火星上過去或現(xiàn)在的生命，一個(gè)更具決定性的答案將為研究人員提供寶貴的數(shù)據(jù)，幫助他們了解一顆行星在何種條件下能夠產(chǎn)生生命的復(fù)雜化學(xué)物質(zhì)。”即過去或現(xiàn)在火星有生命跡象這種更為概括性的解答會(huì)為一個(gè)星球在哪些復(fù)雜的化學(xué)條件下會(huì)產(chǎn)生生命跡象的研究提供非常珍貴的數(shù)據(jù)證明。所以C選項(xiàng)‘揭示生命起源的條件‘符合題意。

11.單選題

FromsciencetoShakespeare,excellenttelevisionandvideoprogramsareavailable（）toteachers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instore

B.inoperation

C.inabundance

D.instock

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)instore“貯藏著；準(zhǔn)備著；將要發(fā)生”；B選項(xiàng)inoperation“生效；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著”；C選項(xiàng)inabundance“大量的；豐富的；充足的”；D選項(xiàng)instock“有存貨；現(xiàn)有”。句意：從科學(xué)到莎士比亞，教師們可以大量使用優(yōu)秀的電視和視頻節(jié)目。由空格前的關(guān)鍵詞“available可使用的”可知“大量的”符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

1.名聲、財(cái)產(chǎn)和權(quán)力等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但沒有人能夠代替你感受人生。

2.警方提醒乘客，不要將錢和貴重物品放在提包里，以防被盜。

3.雖然知道獲勝的可能性不大，但比賽失敗后，我們多少還是有點(diǎn)沮喪。

4.Ineffect,theyagreedtotheviewthattheverychangeinlawbringsaboutachangeinthenatureofsocietyandhumanrelationshipswithinit.

5.Theprofessordefinitelywillnotagreewiththepointthatthetranslationamountedtolittlemorethanlookingupwordsindictionaries.

【答案】1.Fame,propertyandpowerareallworldlypossessions,andeverybodycanstriveforthem.Butnoonecouldreplaceyoutoexperiencethelife.

2.Thepolicewarnedthepassengersagainstputtingmoneyandpreciousthingsinbagsincasetheyshouldbestolen.

3.Thoughweknewthatourchancestowinwereslim,weweremoreorlessdepressedwhenwelostthegame.

4.實(shí)際上，他們同意正是法律的改變引起社會(huì)性質(zhì)和社會(huì)人際關(guān)系的改變這一觀點(diǎn)。

5.這位教授肯定不會(huì)同意翻譯基本是在詞典里查生詞的觀點(diǎn)。

13.單選題

Hefoundthe（）mediaattentionintolerableanddecidedtogoabroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficient

B.constant

C.steady

D.plenty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；constant“持續(xù)的，不變的，恒定的”；steady“穩(wěn)固的，不變的”；plenty“許多，豐富”。句意：媒體對(duì)他的不斷關(guān)注使他無法忍受，因此他決定出國。由intolerable可知B項(xiàng)正確，其他三項(xiàng)都為褒義詞，不符合語境。

14.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)

Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane.Thedriver（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第三句Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard（繪圖板上有兩種不同的類型）可知，這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)正在設(shè)計(jì)中，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“正在計(jì)劃中”。B項(xiàng)“正在修改”，C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在被廣泛使用”，D項(xiàng)“正在施工中”，均錯(cuò)誤。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問special-purposelanesystem的優(yōu)勢(shì)。定位到第一段最后一句Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.（專用車道系統(tǒng)將需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B項(xiàng)“它將實(shí)現(xiàn)最大的公路交通效率”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它只需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的公路做一些小的改動(dòng)”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行廣泛的改造，故錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“它有一條自動(dòng)和半自動(dòng)車道”和D項(xiàng)“它為自動(dòng)化車輛提供了更多的車道”，在文中并未體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句：Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.（不論采用哪種設(shè)計(jì)，司機(jī)都需要在其開始行駛時(shí)或在到達(dá)自動(dòng)化高速公路前確定要去的目的地，把這個(gè)信息輸入車上的計(jì)算機(jī)），因此C“司機(jī)在開車上路之前，應(yīng)該把目的地通知他的汽車電腦”是正確答案。A項(xiàng)“在它上面行駛的車輛根據(jù)目的地被分配了不同的車道”，未在文中提及；B項(xiàng)“在混合車道系統(tǒng)中，汽車可以隨時(shí)加入現(xiàn)有交通”與文章內(nèi)容相悖，因?yàn)樵牡诙蔚诙涫莖nsuitablyequippedroads而不是existingtraffic；D項(xiàng)“駕駛員應(yīng)與普通車輛共用自動(dòng)車道”，在第一段第四句Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.（第二個(gè)是混合交通系統(tǒng)：全自動(dòng)車輛將與部分自動(dòng)或手動(dòng)駕駛的汽車共享道路），可知D項(xiàng)提到的情況只適用于第二種設(shè)計(jì)方案，即混合式交通系統(tǒng)。故A、B、D均不是答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目詢問從文章中我們可得知汽車____進(jìn)入專用汽車車道。根據(jù)文章第二段Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp...(如果使用專門車道，汽車可以通過兩種方式進(jìn)入車道，匯入已有的車流中。一種方法是使用特別的入口引道……)，B項(xiàng)“通過帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”與文章所闡述的觀點(diǎn)一致；C項(xiàng)“穿過一扇特別守衛(wèi)的大門”與文中的觀點(diǎn)不符，只有在通過檢測(cè)后，才能通過此門；A項(xiàng)“通過與常規(guī)車道上的車輛平滑合并”和D項(xiàng)“在所有非法闖入者被識(shí)別和清除之后”顯然與文章的意思不符。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目詢問行駛在自動(dòng)車道上時(shí)，司機(jī)______。根據(jù)文章最后一段Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel，openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.（一旦汽車行駛在自動(dòng)車道上，司機(jī)就不必操縱方向盤，而可以打開早報(bào)閱讀或者放松一下），D項(xiàng)“不必緊握方向盤”與文章的觀點(diǎn)相符。文章只是說在進(jìn)入自動(dòng)車道時(shí)才應(yīng)該這樣做，因此A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)與新進(jìn)入的車輛相協(xié)調(diào)”與文章的意思不符；B項(xiàng)“不必依賴他的電腦系統(tǒng)”和C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)注意潛在的事故”與文章所陳述的意思相反。

15.單選題

Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareonthelaunchingpad（發(fā)射臺(tái)）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanandonlyfromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishingreturns（報(bào)酬遞減率）beginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,030.

APh.D.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor—worstofall—inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Andthenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegepaysmuchlessthanthejanitor（看門人）earns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.

1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho______.

2.IfyouareasgiftedasBernardShaworEdison,______.

3.Ph.D.saremostlikelyto

.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thewriteriscriticalof

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willnotbeashametothesociety

B.willbecomeskilledworkers

C.cantakecareofthemselves

D.canmeetthedemandsasasourceofmanpower

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.youcangetahighschooldiplomawithoutdifficulty

B.youwillbesuccessfulinagradeschool

C.youcanbeprofessionallysuccessfulwithoutadiploma

D.theleastyoushoulddoistogetadiploma

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havedifficultiesgettingproperlyemployed

B.beemployedinthefieldsofcommerceorindustry

C.havetofilloutapplicationformsmonthaftermonthforothers

D.workinschoolsorcollegeswithlowpay

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschools,nordidEdison

B.TherearefarmorePhDsthanthesocietydemands

C.Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyouwillearn

D.Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you’llmakethingsdifficultforthesociety

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theemployees

B.thePhDs

C.theemployers

D.thesociety

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句提到他們真正的期望是獲得足夠的教育來為社會(huì)提供人力（Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到高中文憑是必要的，如果沒有的話，除非你是蕭伯納或者愛迪生，如果你是他們，你小學(xué)輟學(xué)都行（unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool），因?yàn)樗麄兙退銢]有文憑，也在各自領(lǐng)域中脫穎而出，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第一句話提到美國失業(yè)或未充分就業(yè)的博士人數(shù)比世界上其他國家要多（TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar），由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段可知很多博士就業(yè)問題并不是很理想，由此可知選項(xiàng)C表述是錯(cuò)誤的，符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。無論是雇主、雇員還有博士生本人都是屬于社會(huì)中的一員，一系列狀況都是社會(huì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的，因此作者批判的是這個(gè)社會(huì)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Meetingnewpeoplewidenedtheyoungman’s（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.joys

B.horizons

C.range

D.vicinities

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,這里指開闊眼界。widenhorizons符合句意,選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個(gè)答案會(huì)解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自然選擇會(huì)傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)