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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Expertsbelievethelargenumberofcancercasesintheareais______thenewnuclearpowerstation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultedfrom

B.concernedabout

C.relatedto

D.dependenton

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.resultedfrom起因于,由……引起B(yǎng).concernedabout關(guān)心

C.relatedto與……有關(guān)D.dependenton依賴于,依靠

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由thelargenumberofcancercases(大量的癌癥病例)與newnuclearpowerstation(新核電站)可知,它們兩個(gè)之間是“有聯(lián)系的”,而且berelatedto表示“與……有關(guān)”符合句意。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意;

A選項(xiàng)resultfrom本身就有被動(dòng)的含義在里面,所以前面不需要be動(dòng)詞,故排除。

【句意】專家認(rèn)為該地區(qū)大量的癌癥病例與新核電站有關(guān)。

2.單選題

Mycatisafussyeater,butmydogisso()thatshe’llswallowdownanythingthatisputinfrontofher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indiscriminate

B.choosy

C.indefinite

D.picky

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indiscriminate“不加選擇的”;B選項(xiàng)choosy“好挑剔的”;C選項(xiàng)indefinite“不確定的,無限的”;D選項(xiàng)picky“挑剔的”。句意:我的貓很挑食,但我的狗卻不加選擇地吃任何擺在她面前的東西。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)和fussy(愛挑剔的)意思相反的單詞,所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

3.單選題

Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,(),whichareencodedaszeroesandones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofbitsofinformation

B.ofmuchinformation

C.oflittleinformation

D.ofinformation

【答案】A

【解析】information是不可數(shù)名詞,選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò);littleinformation否定含義,不符合本題句意,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò);B選項(xiàng)語義不通。只有A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom()neworderswithyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.placing

B.putting

C.arranging

D.providing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)題意和選項(xiàng)可知本題考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人發(fā)出訂單”,因此選項(xiàng)B、C、D均不符合題意,選項(xiàng)A為正確選項(xiàng)。句意:目前市場(chǎng)普遍不景氣,使我們無法向貴方下新訂單。

5.單選題

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand(

)theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)assist表示“幫助,協(xié)助”;B項(xiàng)acknowledge表示“致謝,承認(rèn)”;C項(xiàng)advocate表示“提倡,擁護(hù)”;D項(xiàng)admit表示“承認(rèn),容許”。根據(jù)句中against可知作者反對(duì)電子游戲,所以應(yīng)該支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意:瓊斯先生強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)電子游戲,提倡關(guān)閉所有的電子游戲娛樂設(shè)施。故本題正確答案為C。

6.單選題

alargepartofhumanactivity,particularlyinrelationtotheenvironment,is_____conditionsorevents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inresponseto

B.infavorof

C.incontrastto

D.inexcessof

【答案】A

【解析】短語辨析。inresponseto響應(yīng),回答;infavorof有利于,支持,贊同;incontrastto與……形成對(duì)照;inexcessof超過。句意:人類活動(dòng)的很大一部分,特別是與環(huán)境有關(guān)的活動(dòng),是對(duì)條件或事件的反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn’talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples;onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?

Pat,Nixon’swifeof53,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofthespouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?

“Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeelingusandtakingcareofus,”saysKnulHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth,“thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.”InoneoftheseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityratesasmenwho’dneverbeenwidowed.

Women’shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.

Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect.“Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,”saysGeraldDavision,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon’scase,Davisionspeculates,“thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit.”Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse’swilltolive;suicideratesareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.

Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.“Mortality,”saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,“ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-supportsystem,whodon’tfeelthey’repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey‘fitin’somewhere.Andthat’smorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen.”“Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,”saysBlazer.“Apersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormalhabitslikesleepingandeating,”hesays.“Theydon’thavetheotherpersontoorientthem,likewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalk?Yourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse’spattern,soitdeteriorates.”Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-orevenfirstweek—weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionandaboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.

6.ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.

7.Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.

8.Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.

9.Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.

10.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.73

B.81

C.77

D.65

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.causedbyhisheartdisease

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeath

C.theinevitableresultofoldage

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccident

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlives

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectancies

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowed

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’death

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.losehisorherfriends

B.diminishsocialactivities

C.bevulnerabletoillness

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scare

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriage

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriage

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriage

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.從文中可知,RichardNixon去世時(shí)年齡為____。

A.73A.73歲

B.81B.81歲

C.77C.77歲

D.65D.65歲

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardNixondied定位到原文第一段。本段第3句提到“這位前總統(tǒng)活了81歲(hisfourscoreandone)”,由此可知,B選項(xiàng)“81歲”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“73歲”、C選項(xiàng)“77歲”、D選項(xiàng)“65歲”均不符合原文表述。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.據(jù)研究喪親之痛的研究人員稱,RichardNixon的去世可能是____。

A.causedbyhisheartdiseaseA.是由心臟病引起的

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeathB.與他妻子的死有間接聯(lián)系

C.theinevitableresultofoldageC.老年的必然結(jié)果

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccidentD.是由一場(chǎng)無法解釋的事故造成的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題要求選的是研究人員的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞researcherswhostudybereavement可定位到原文第1段第2-3句,該句提到“研究喪親之痛的研究人員(researcherswhostudybereavement)”想知道Nixon的去世“僅僅是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)活到81歲了(merelyrunhisfourscoreandone)”,還是因?yàn)椤跋萑肓艘环N長(zhǎng)期以來困擾著已婚夫婦的模式(fallenvictimtoapattern):一個(gè)配偶很快就會(huì)跟著另一個(gè)進(jìn)入墳?zāi)梗╫nespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave)”,而且原文第2段第1句提到“Nixon的妻子久病后在前一年六月去世(died)?!辈⑶业?段第4句提到“研究人員長(zhǎng)期以來觀察到(havelongobserved),配偶特別是妻子的去世,有時(shí)會(huì)伴隨悲傷的幸存者過早死亡(followedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor)”。綜上所述,根據(jù)研究人員的研究?jī)?nèi)容推測(cè),他們認(rèn)為Nixon去世可能與他妻子的死有關(guān),B選項(xiàng)“與他妻子的死有間接聯(lián)系”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是由心臟病引起的”,可定位到原文第2段第3句,該句提到他“有嚴(yán)重的心臟病病史(hadahistoryofseriousheartdisease)”,但這不是研究人員認(rèn)為的原因;

C選項(xiàng)“老年的必然結(jié)果”,可定位到原文第2段第3句,該句提到“他已經(jīng)老了(hewaselderly)”,但這也不是研究人員認(rèn)為的原因;

D選項(xiàng)“是由一場(chǎng)無法解釋的事故造成的”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.在關(guān)于喪親之痛的研究中,Helsing發(fā)現(xiàn)____。

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlivesA.再婚的男人過著更健康的生活

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectanciesB.未婚男性的預(yù)期壽命最長(zhǎng)

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowedC.再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’deathD.寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hisresearchonbereavement和Helsing定位到原文第3段最后一句,該句提到“他發(fā)現(xiàn)再婚的鰥夫與從未喪偶的男性一樣有較低死亡率(thesamelowermortalityrates)?!庇纱丝芍?,C選項(xiàng)“再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“再婚的男人過著更健康的生活”,原文并未提及,并且沒有明確比較對(duì)象,不符合題意,屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“未婚男性的預(yù)期壽命最長(zhǎng)”,原文并未提及,不是Helsing的研究?jī)?nèi)容,不符合題意,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響”,不是Helsing的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),并且根據(jù)原文第4段第1句的內(nèi)容,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,該句提到“失去配偶后,婦女的健康和恢復(fù)能力也可能受到影響(sufferafterthelossofaspouse)?!?/p>

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.根據(jù)這篇文章,配偶的死亡可以導(dǎo)致幸存的一方____。

A.losehisorherfriendsA.失去朋友

B.diminishsocialactivitiesB.減少社交活動(dòng)

C.bevulnerabletoillnessC.容易生病

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scareD.拒絕孩子的照顧

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto定位到原文第4段最后一句,該句提到“早期的研究表明,喪偶者免疫力下降(reducedimmunity)”;原文第5段第2句提到“各種可能有害的醫(yī)療問題都可能惡化(beworsened)?!庇纱丝芍?,失去配偶的一方,免疫能力下降,現(xiàn)有的疾病容易惡化,C選項(xiàng)“容易生病”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失去朋友”,可定位到原文第6段第3句,該句提到“男性沒有女性那么多親密的友誼(tendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen)”,由此可知,原文并不是說“失去配偶的人會(huì)失去朋友”,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念;

B選項(xiàng)“減少社交活動(dòng)”,可定位到原文第6段第1句,該句提到“參與生活(Involvementinlife)有助于延長(zhǎng)生命?!钡?段最后一句提到“他們(子女們)可以確保他或她在社交(socializing)”。由此可知,原文表達(dá)的是讓失去配偶的一方參與生活,進(jìn)行社交,這樣有利于延長(zhǎng)壽命,并沒有說“失去配偶的人會(huì)減少社交”,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念;

D選項(xiàng)“拒絕孩子的照顧”,原文第6段倒數(shù)第2句提到,專家建議“成年子女、兄弟姐妹和朋友們需要特別關(guān)注(payspecialattention)新近喪偶的父母?!痹牟]有說“失去配偶的人會(huì)拒絕孩子的照顧”,反而說孩子們要多關(guān)注他們,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.文章中暗示,鰥夫或寡婦遭受配偶死亡的痛苦,因?yàn)樗麄僟___。

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriageA.婚姻期間沒有獨(dú)立的準(zhǔn)備

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriageB.婚姻期間不能照顧自己

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriageC.婚姻期間不愿與他人交往

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriageD.在婚姻中過于沉溺

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干,本題詢問的是“鰥夫或寡婦因配偶死亡而痛苦”的原因。通讀全篇可知,本文主要論述“失去配偶的一方也容易跟著去世”,原文第6段倒數(shù)第3句提到“在婚姻中保持強(qiáng)烈的獨(dú)立意識(shí)(Astrongsenseofseparateidentity)和不過度依賴(lackofover-dependency)是有幫助的?!庇纱送茢啵麄兺纯嗟脑蚩赡苁沁^度依賴配偶,突然失去,難以接受,D選項(xiàng)“在婚姻中過于沉溺”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“婚姻期間沒有獨(dú)立的準(zhǔn)備”,原文說他們?cè)诨橐銎陂g不夠獨(dú)立,不是說“他們?cè)诨橐銎陂g沒有為獨(dú)立做準(zhǔn)備”,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念;

B選項(xiàng)“婚姻期間不能照顧自己”,可定位到原文第3段,第1句提到了約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院(theJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth)的流行病學(xué)家KnulHelsing的觀點(diǎn),他認(rèn)為“部分原因(Partofthestory)是男人們太習(xí)慣了讓女人(sousedtoladies)感受、照顧我們,以至于失去妻子后,就會(huì)崩潰(gotopieces),不知道如何照顧自己(don’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves)?!庇纱丝芍?,不能照顧自己可能是鰥夫們痛苦的原因,不是寡婦們痛苦的原因,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;

C選項(xiàng)“婚姻期間不愿與他人交往”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

8.單選題

ManyFineArtgraduatestake()professionalpracticeasartists,andthiscourseencouragesthemtoconsidertheirroleasartistsinthecommunitybyprovidingopportunitiesforshort-termplacementsoutsidetheFaculty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.up

C.out

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。takedown“記下”;takeup“開始從事”;takeout“取出”;takein“欺騙;吸收”。句意:許多美術(shù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生把自己看作藝術(shù)家來進(jìn)行職業(yè)訓(xùn)練,本課程鼓勵(lì)他們考把自己當(dāng)做社會(huì)藝術(shù)工作者,為他們提供在學(xué)院之外的短期實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen(

)ofthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事長(zhǎng)了。

語法題??疾楣谠~。根據(jù)冠詞的語法規(guī)則,職位前不加冠詞。而且appoint是及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接接賓語president。故選B.

10.單選題

Thelittlegirlcouldnot()hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abstain“棄權(quán);避免”;B選項(xiàng)refrain“節(jié)制;避免;制止”;C選項(xiàng)restrain“抑制;約束;制止”;D選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防;阻止”。句意:小女孩……不住她的好奇心,想看看盒子里有什么。與“好奇心”搭配時(shí)選用C選項(xiàng)“抑制”更合適。

11.單選題

Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris()anathlete.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anythingbut

B.nonebut

C.allbut

D.somethingbut

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)anythingbut“根本不;絕不”;B選項(xiàng)nonebut“只是;僅”;C選項(xiàng)allbut“幾乎;差不多”;D選項(xiàng)somethingbut沒有此類搭配。句意:和你老師正在說話的那個(gè)男孩絕不是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。A選項(xiàng)詞組更加貼合句意邏輯,故選A。

12.單選題

9.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定詞組。男士說:ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含義是“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。

13.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe()oflessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在他們教師培訓(xùn)的第一年,學(xué)生們?yōu)榱擞^摩課程經(jīng)常參觀當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校。

考查名詞辨析。observation監(jiān)視,觀察;investigation調(diào)查,研究;inspection檢查,視察;examination檢查。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意,在此處表示“觀摩”。

14.翻譯題

如果要我用一個(gè)詞來概括優(yōu)秀經(jīng)理人員的話,那我就會(huì)說是果斷。你可以使用世界上最復(fù)雜的計(jì)算機(jī),你可以收集所有的圖表和數(shù)字,但最終你必須把所有的信息匯集起來,提出一張時(shí)間表,然后采取行動(dòng)。

一位企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人希望得到所有事實(shí),堅(jiān)持等到研究工作能確保某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃定會(huì)成功后才采取行動(dòng),這是非常自然的事情。如果你要花三億美元開發(fā)一項(xiàng)新產(chǎn)品,你畢竟希望絕對(duì)保證你的做法是對(duì)的。在理論上是不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中卻并非如此。毫無疑問,你有責(zé)任盡量多地收集有關(guān)事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)。但到了某一時(shí)刻,你必須根據(jù)自己的信念跳一步,迅速地做出決定才行。因?yàn)?,第一,即使是正確的決定,做得太晚,也會(huì)變成錯(cuò)誤的;第二,在大多數(shù)情況下,根本就沒有十拿九穩(wěn)的事情。有時(shí)候,最優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)理人員,也會(huì)像牽著一條大狗的小孩一樣,先要弄清楚狗想往哪兒去,再把它往哪兒牽。

決策者需要多少信息才算夠用呢?要提出一個(gè)具體數(shù)字是不可能的;但如果你只有50%的事實(shí)就貿(mào)然行動(dòng),那你成功的可能性顯然就會(huì)微乎其微。如果是這樣的話,你最好是吉星高照,要不然也得有極妙的預(yù)感。有時(shí)候這種冒險(xiǎn)是需要的,但管理鐵路卻不可這樣。

【答案】IfIhadtouseonewordtodescribeagoodmanager,itwouldbedecisiveness.Youcanusethemostsophisticatedcomputerintheworld,youcancollectallthechartsandfigures,butultimatelyyouhavetoputalltheinformationtogether.Putforwardaschedule,andthentakeaction.

Acorporateleadershopetogetallthefacts,adheretowaitforworktoensurethataplanwillbesuccessfulbeforetakingaction,itisverynaturalthing.Ifyouwanttospend$3hundredmilliontodevelopanewproduct,youwantabsoluteguaranteethatyourapproachisrightafterallisgoodintheory,inreallifeisnotthecase.Thereisnodoubtthatyourdutytocollectasmuchaspossibletoholdtherelevantfactsandfigures.Butatacertainmoment,youmustaccordingtotheirownbeliefsjumpstep,makeadecisionquickly.Becausefirstofall,eventherightdecision,madetoolate,willbewrong;second,inmostcases,therearenoguarantees.Sometimesthebestmanagers,likekidswithabigdog,havetofigureoutwherethedogwantstogo,andthenwheretoleadit.

Howmuchinformationisenoughfordecisionmakers?Itwasimpossibletocomeupwithaspecificfigure.Butifyoujumpinwithonly50percentofthefacts,thenyourchancesofsuccessareobviouslyveryslimandifthat’sthecase,you’dbetterbelucky,oryouhavetohaveagreatsenseofforeboding.Sometimesyouneedtotakeriskslikethat,butyoudon’tneedtorunarailroad

15.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual()manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通過學(xué)習(xí),才能獲得許多處理各種情況的常用方法。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。retain保留;gain獲得,贏得(尤指想要的或所需的事物);resort求助,采?。ㄗ詈螅┦侄?;acquire(靠自己的能力、努力或行為)獲得,得到。該處為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,賓語為“habitualways常用方式”。因此,D項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Theywereabroadduringthemonthwhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey______toourhelp

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldhavecome

B.couldcome

C.havecome

D.hadcome

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣中的條件從句有時(shí)不直接表達(dá)出來,而是通過or等連詞來表達(dá),這種句子叫作含蓄條件句。根據(jù)主語謂語動(dòng)詞were推斷,動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生,or后面的句子是對(duì)過去的假設(shè),所以動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用wouldhavecome,故A項(xiàng)符合。句意:我們進(jìn)行調(diào)查的那個(gè)月他們?cè)趪?guó)外,否則他們會(huì)來幫助我們的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Youshouldn'tdodamagetothisgrassland.It'snotyourpersonalbelongings.It()thestategovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.belongsto

B.isbelongedto

C.belongedto

D.isbelongingto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你不應(yīng)該破壞這片草地。這不是你的私人物品。它屬于州政府。

語法題??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。此句應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),belongto表示“屬于”。因此A正確。

18.寫作題

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours19.單選題

Tomysurprise,theyoungmanwasresourcefulenoughtofindinfinitewaystoexpresshisemotionswithgestures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plentiful

B.versatile

C.imaginary

D.imaginative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plentiful“豐富的”;B選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”;C選項(xiàng)imaginary“想象的”;D選項(xiàng)imaginative“富有想象力的”。句意:令我驚訝的是,這個(gè)年輕人竟然足夠機(jī)智,能用手勢(shì)來表達(dá)自己的情感。劃線部分resourceful是機(jī)智的、資源豐富的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.rational

C.ridiculous

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absurd表示“荒謬的”;A項(xiàng)compelling“引人注目的,令人信服的”,B項(xiàng)rational“合理的,理性的”,C項(xiàng)ridiculous“可笑的,荒謬的”,D項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱兩可的”。句意:沒有什么比說人類命中注定更荒謬的了。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在,我們眼前又進(jìn)行著類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的所有制關(guān)系,這個(gè)曾經(jīng)仿佛用法術(shù)創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產(chǎn)資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì),現(xiàn)在像一個(gè)魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術(shù)呼喚出來的魔鬼了。幾十年來的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史,只不過是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力反抗現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、反抗作為資產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關(guān)系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復(fù)中越來越危及整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)生存的商業(yè)危機(jī)就夠了。在商業(yè)危機(jī)期間,總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產(chǎn)品被毀滅掉,而且有很大一部分已經(jīng)造成的生產(chǎn)力被毀滅掉。在危機(jī)期間,發(fā)生一種在過去一切時(shí)代看來都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會(huì)瘟疫,即生產(chǎn)過剩的瘟疫。社會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時(shí)的野蠻狀態(tài):仿佛是一次饑荒、一場(chǎng)普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),使社會(huì)失去了全部生活資料;仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了,——這是什么緣故呢?因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)上文明過度,生活資料太多,工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達(dá)。社會(huì)所擁有的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)不能再促進(jìn)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)文明和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制關(guān)系的發(fā)展;相反,生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到這種關(guān)系所不能適應(yīng)的地步,它已經(jīng)受到這種關(guān)系的阻礙;而它一著手克服這種障礙,就使整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)陷入混亂,就使資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制的存在受到威脅。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)太狹窄了,再容納不了它本身所造成的財(cái)富了?!Y產(chǎn)階級(jí)用什么辦法來克服這種危機(jī)呢?一方面不得不消滅大量生產(chǎn)力,另一方面奪取新的市場(chǎng),更加徹底地利用舊的市場(chǎng)。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢?這不過是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)準(zhǔn)備更全面更猛烈的危機(jī)的辦法,不過是使防止危機(jī)的手段越來越少的辦法。

22.填空題

Trynottousetheairconditioningtoomuch.Themorepoweryouuse,the(

)yourelectricalbillwillbe.

【答案】bigger

【解析】語法題??疾椤皌he+比較級(jí)……the+比較級(jí)……”的固定句型,,表示“越……就越……”,根據(jù)意思“使用的電越多,電費(fèi)賬單就會(huì)越大”,故需填入bigger。

23.單選題

Ididn’treadtheblurb;I()straightintothefirstchapter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dived

B.ran

C.plunged

D.read

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)diveinto“迅速把手伸入;投入;一心投入;跳入(指的是跳水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)作,運(yùn)動(dòng)員的那種頭朝下的)”;B選項(xiàng)runinto“遭遇,陷入;撞上,撞到;偶然遇見”;C選項(xiàng)plungeinto“投入;跳入(主要指暴力一些的進(jìn)入,比如車失控沖進(jìn)水里;人郁悶地把頭埋進(jìn)冷水盆里);突然或倉(cāng)促地開始某事;猛沖;使突然陷入;縱身投入”;D選項(xiàng)readinto“曲解;加上另外的意思于;隱藏某種意義”。句意:我沒有讀簡(jiǎn)介,直接倉(cāng)促地開始讀第一章。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Thewordhospiceishundredsofyearsold.ItcomestousfromthetimecalledtheMiddleAgesinEurope.Religiousgroupsthenprovidedhospiceasaplacewheretravelerscouldstay.Sometimesthegroupsalsoofferedaplaceforthesickandthedying.Todaythewordhospicemeansmorethanaplace.Itmeansawayofcaringforthedying.Inthemodemsenseoftheword,itmeansthat,ifpossible,dyingpeoplecanreceivecareathomeduringtheirlastdays;andthehealth-careworkersdonottrytolengthenthelivesofthedyingwithmodemmedicalequipment.Instead,care-giversmakeeveryefforttocontrolorstopthepatient’spain.Italsomeansthatpatientsgethelpfortheiremotionalneedsinadditiontotheirphysicalneeds.

ABritishwomanCicelySaunderswasthefirstmajoractivistforhospicecareinmodemtimes.CicelySaundersworkedasanurseinahospitalrightafterWorldWarII,whereshemetamanwhowasdyingofcancer.Togethertheyfoundideasaboutthebestpossibletreatmentforpeoplewhowouldnevergetwellagain.Theytalkedabouttreatmentsthatwouldpermitpatientstodiscusstheirfeelingsandtotakepartinactivitiesmeaningfultothem.Theyplannedasystemthatwouldallowdyingpeopletobesurroundedbythepeopleandthingstheylovedmost.ThedyingmangaveCicelySaundersenoughmoneytostudytobecomeadoctor.By1967Dr.SaundershadorganizedandopenedSt.Christopher’sHospiceinLondon.

In1974,aftertheAmerica’sfirsthospicestartedinNewHaven,othersfollowedsuitincitiesthroughoutthecountry.Organizershadadifficultjob.Theyhadtoteachthepublicabouttheideaofhospice.Theyhadtogetmoneyfromcompanies,religiousgroupsandcitizens.Andtheyhadtonegotiatewithlocalgovernmentstousepublicmoneytocareforthedying.Thankstotheirunyieldingdeterminationandpainstakingefforts,hospicehasgrowninAmerica.Dr.JoMagno,thePresidentoftheNationalHospiceOrganization,saidthatworkingwiththedyingoccasionallymadehersad.YetsheremembersthewordsofDr.CicelySaunders一“Wecannotadddaystolife,butwecanaddlifetodays.”

1.Whatistheoriginalmeaningtheword“hospice”?

2.Inthemodernsenseoftheword,hospiceincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

3.WhatdidCicelyandthemantalkabout?

4.HowdidCicelySaunderscompleteherstudy?

5.WhichisacorrectstatementabouttheearlyAmericanhospice?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasaplacewherethehomelessoldpeopleweretakencareof.

B.Itwasaplacewherereligiouspeoplelived.

C.Itwasaplaceofferedbychurchesforthetravelers.

D.Itwasaplacewheredoctorstreatedpatients.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.apriestisinvitedtoprayforthedying.

B.adyingpatientistakencareofathishome.

C.effortsaremadetoreducethepainofthedyingpeople.

D.thepsychologicalneedsofthedyingareconsideredandcaredfor.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoadvisethehospitaltotreatthedyingpatients.

B.Howtomakearrangementforthepatientswhohadnohopeofrecovery.

C.Themeaningfulactivitiesforallpatientstotakepartin.

D.Thekindofpeoplethatareallowedtovisitthepatients.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Byworkingpart-time.

B.Beobtainingafellowship.

C.Withthehelpofaman’smoney.

D.ThroughhermanagementofSt.Christopher’sHospice.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasanimmediatesuccessasaresultoftheeffortbyDr.Cicely.

B.Itwasprobablynoteasytopersuadecompaniestoprovidefinancialsupport.

C.Manypeoplereadilyacceptedthenewidea.

D.Localgovernmentsforbadewhattheydid.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“providedhospiceasaplacewheretravelerscouldstay”,hospice是提供給旅客們休息的一個(gè)地方,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,病人會(huì)在垂死之前在家里受到照顧、減輕痛苦以及被給予心理和生理上的安慰,只有選項(xiàng)A并未提及,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Theytalkedabouttreatmentsthatwouldpermitpatientstodiscusstheirfeelingsandtotakepartinactivitiesmeaningfultothem.”他們討論了為那些將死的癌癥病人治療的最好的方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“ThedyingmangaveCicelySaundersenoughmoneytostudytobecomeadoctor.”是病人給她捐錢讓她學(xué)習(xí),成為一名醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文意,美國(guó)臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院是一件困難的事“hadadifficultjob”,所以排除A。根據(jù)文章“theyhadtonegotiatewiththelocalgovernmenttousepublicmoneytocareforthedying”,他們協(xié)商利用當(dāng)?shù)卣峁┑墓顏碚疹欉@些垂死的病人,所以政府并沒有直接禁止臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院,排除選項(xiàng)D,文章最后一段中提到“Theyhadtoteachthepublicabouttheideaofhospice”,他們需要向公眾傳授臨終關(guān)懷這種理念,所以排除C選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

25.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世紀(jì)末,中國(guó)開始舉辦師范教育。1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立之后,在各級(jí)政府的關(guān)心和支持下,中國(guó)師范教育進(jìn)入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天,振興經(jīng)濟(jì)的希望在教育,教師隊(duì)伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對(duì)教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊(duì)伍的國(guó)家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展。

師范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeventhewholecountryaredirectlyaffectedbythestatusa

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