考研考博-英語-常州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration—atasksomecomputersecurityconsultantssayisnearlyimpossible.Plansfortheprivatenetwork,calledGovnet,hingeonwhetherareliablenetworkinfrastructurecanbebuiltatanaffordableprice,officialssaid.Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds.RichardClarke,whowasappointedspecialadvisertothepresidentforcyberspacesecuritythisweek,saidhebelievesamorereliablesystemcanbebuilt.Ninetypercentofavailablefiber-opticspaceisunusedandfairlyinexpensivetoobtain,hesaid.

GovnetispartofaplanClarkeannouncedearlierthisweektosecureourcyberspacefromarangeofpossiblethreats,fromhackerstocriminalstoterroristgroups,toforeignnations,whichmightusecyber-waragainstusinthefuture.GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment’splan.TherequestfromtheGeneralServicesAdministrationasksthattelecommunicationscompaniessubmitproposalsabouthowthenetworkcouldbebuilt,howmuchitwouldcost,andhowlongitwouldtaketoconstruct.

Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses.ThesystemwasalsoroughedupbytheCodeRedcomputerwormandanattackprogramcalled“ILoveYou'.Thevirusesaffectedthousandsofgovernmentcomputers.LastyearareportbytheGeneralAccountingOffice,aninternalgovernmentwatchdog,foundweaknessesinthecomputernetworkthatcouldallowterroristsorhackerstoseverelydamageordisruptnationaldefenseorvitalpublicoperationsorstealsensitivedata.Clarkesaidthegovernment’scurrentvirtualprivatenetworkisvulnerabletovirusesanddenial-of-serviceattacksthatwouldmakeitmoredifficulttoexecuteGovnet.

Aninternalnetwork,suchastheGovnetproposal,isworthinvestigatingbutwillprobablyfalltosophisticatedhackers,saidAmitYoran.chiefexecutiveofthesecurity-servicescompanyRiptechInc.andaformerinformation-securityprogramdirectorattheDefenseDepartment."Itisprobablymorefeasibletoimplementandstronglyenforceglobalsecurityposturesandpracticesratherthangooutandpurchasenewassets.”Yoransaid.“Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks.Someonewillgetin.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisGovnet?

2.ItisimpliedthatsomecomputerconsultantsconsiderGovnettobealmostimpossiblebecause（）.

3.BywhatmeanswillGovnetrealizetheenhancementofthegovernment’scyber-security?

4.WhatAmitYoransaidamountstodenying（）.

5.Theinitiativeforconstructinganinternalnetworkstemsfrom（）.

問題1選項

A.Areliablenetworkinfrastructurethatcanbebuiltatanaffordableprice.

B.Agovernmentcomputernetworkthatmayproveimmunetopenetration.

C.Anationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedbythegovernment.

D.Aprivatenationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedagainstoutsideinvasion.

問題2選項

A.aconsiderablecostwillberequired

B.thereisn’tareliablenetworkinfrastructureyet

C.itistotallydifferentfromtheInternet

D.notelecommunicationscompanycanaffordit

問題3選項

A.Bysteppingupitsvirus-killingsoftware.

B.Byscanningforvirusesandattacksconstantly.

C.BysecludingitselffromtheInternet.

D.Byestablishinganinternalwatchdogcommittee.

問題4選項

A.thefeasibilityofbuildingasecurityprogram

B.theefficiencyofthepresentnetworkincounteringoutsideattacks

C.theconceivedsecurityofGovnet

D.thepossibilityofenhancingthesecurityofthegovernmentnetwork

問題5選項

A.thevulnerabilityofthepresentnetworktooutsideattacks

B.theimprovementinnetworksecuritytechnology

C.thedesiretobuildastrongernationaldefensesystem

D.theproposalssubmittedbytelecommunicationscompanies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Govnet的意思可參考首句:Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration(政府新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全官員昨天要求電信公司幫助建立一個不會受到外來入侵威脅的政府計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò))。由此可知，B項“一個可能證明免于侵入的政府計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds(計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)顧問們稱，由于政府的巨大規(guī)模和安全需要，所以他們無法估算該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的花費(fèi))。由此可知A項“需要相當(dāng)大的花費(fèi)”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment'splan(根據(jù)政府的計劃，Govnet將完全獨(dú)立于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以幫助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C項“通過讓自身與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隔離開”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位至最后一段Yoran所說:Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks(一旦有人能夠進(jìn)入，那么他們將會找到一個薄弱的連接。當(dāng)你有一個政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)大小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時，這里將會有薄弱的連接)。因此，選C項“(Yoran所說的等于否定了)設(shè)想的政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:構(gòu)建內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的倡議來自于…。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses(今年，現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)被黑客、計算機(jī)蠕蟲和病毒攻破過)。因此，A項“現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)對外來攻擊的脆弱性”正確。

2.單選題

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassicalmusiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestra—thathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbert,isagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowithmerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.

46.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas______.

47.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois_______.

48.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers______.

49.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

50.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels______.

問題1選項

A.incurredcriticism

B.raisedsuspicion

C.receivedacclaim

D.arousedcuriosity

問題2選項

A.influential

B.modest

C.respectable

D.talented

問題3選項

A.ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances

B.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

C.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

D.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

問題4選項

A.Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

B.Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

C.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

D.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

問題5選項

A.doubtful

B.enthusiastic

C.confident

D.puzzled

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“我們從第1段得知吉爾伯特的任命……”。根據(jù)第一段第三行Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.（至少可以說，在大多數(shù)情況下，人們的反應(yīng)是積極的）可知，人們對Gilbert的任命得到了古典樂界的一致歡呼，因此C項“獲得好評”符合；A項“招致批評”，B項“引起懷疑”，D項“激起好奇心”均錯誤，故該題選C。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“Tommasini認(rèn)為吉爾伯特作為藝術(shù)家是……”。第二段第三行提到anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim（一個樸實(shí)的音樂家，沒有那種令人敬畏的指揮家的氣質(zhì)），由此可知Tommasini認(rèn)為Gilbert是一個樸實(shí)無華、低調(diào)的音樂家，故B項“謙虛的”符合題意；A項“有影響力的”，第二段第一句提到however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown（相對而言，吉爾伯特鮮為人知），Gilbert鮮為人知又怎么會有影響力，所以該項錯誤；C項“受人尊敬的”和D項“有天賦的”文章未提及，故該題選B正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者相信忠實(shí)的音樂觀眾是……”。第四段提到Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.（忠實(shí)的音樂會觀眾回答說，錄音不能代替現(xiàn)場表演，他們錯過了這一點(diǎn)），由此可知，作者認(rèn)為忠實(shí)的音樂會參會者們對現(xiàn)場音樂表演有著過高的評價。故D項“高估現(xiàn)場表演的價值”符合題意；A項“忽略現(xiàn)場表演的費(fèi)用”不是作者想表達(dá)的意思；B項“拒絕大多數(shù)錄制的表演”，文中只是提到了相比錄音，忠實(shí)的音樂會觀眾會更傾向于現(xiàn)場表演，沒有提到他們拒絕大多數(shù)錄制的表演，有點(diǎn)過度解讀了；C項“夸大了現(xiàn)場表演的多樣性”沒有提到；故該題選D。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，關(guān)于錄音下列哪項是正確的?”。第四段倒數(shù)第二句提到Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances（他們的唱片很便宜，到處都能買到，而且往往比今天的現(xiàn)場表演的藝術(shù)質(zhì)量要高得多），由此可推知，因為唱片便宜且質(zhì)量比現(xiàn)場表演要高，大眾更容易接受，因此A項“它們的質(zhì)量往往不如現(xiàn)場音樂會”排除，B項“它們很容易為公眾所接受”符合題意；C項“它們有助于提高音樂的質(zhì)量”，文中沒有提到有助于提高音樂質(zhì)量，只是說比現(xiàn)場表演質(zhì)量高得多，這是偷換概念，因此該項錯誤；D項“它們只包括大師作品”未提及；故該題選B。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干的意思是“對于吉爾伯特在振興Philharmonic樂團(tuán)中所扮演的角色，作者覺得……”。根據(jù)文章最后兩句Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.（但這種差異的本質(zhì)是什么呢？僅僅擴(kuò)大樂團(tuán)的演奏曲目是不夠的。如果吉爾伯特和Philharmonic樂團(tuán)要想成功，他們必須首先改變美國最古老的管弦樂團(tuán)和它現(xiàn)在希望吸引的觀眾之間的關(guān)系）可知，雖然Gilbert很有才華和能力，但是要想復(fù)興交響樂團(tuán)這是不夠的，還需要改變古典交響樂和當(dāng)下聽眾的關(guān)系，表明作者對Gilbert是持懷疑的態(tài)度，因此A項“懷疑的”符合題意；B項“熱情的”，C項“自信的”和D項“迷惑的”均不符合，故該題選A。

3.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（

）andneedsproving.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.intuitive

C.hypothetical

D.empirical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Spontaneous“自發(fā)的，自然的”；intuitive“直覺的，直觀的”；hypothetical“假設(shè)的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗主義的”。根據(jù)題意“無論是誰提出了宇宙起源的理論”，這都是需要證明的，說明這只是一個假設(shè)。所以C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.

GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.“Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,”hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.

TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theyearnedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,”“Sunpower,NotNuclearPower”and“StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril”.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.

41.___werethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?

42.Whohadgas-masks?

43.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonforthedemonstration?

44.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?

45.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?

Notes:1.cordon警戒線，警戒；2.nuke（美俚）核武器，核電站；3.defy公然，蔑視；4.canister罐，筒，榴霰彈筒；5.dislodge趕走

問題1選項

A.Privateprofits

B.NuclearPowerStation

C.Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction

D.Publicperil

問題2選項

A.Everybody

B.Apartoftheprotestors

C.Policemen

D.BothBandC

問題3選項

A.Publictransportation

B.Publicperil

C.Pollution

D.Disposalofwastes

問題4選項

A.Withprisoners

B.Witharresteddemonstrators

C.Withcriminals

D.Withprotestors

問題5選項

A.stubborn

B.insistent

C.insolvable

D.remissible

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates…Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.（周五，在試圖驅(qū)散美國有史以來規(guī)模最大的反核示威活動中，警方發(fā)射了催淚瓦斯，并逮捕了5000多名消極反抗的抗議者。越來越多的示威者涌來，繼續(xù)向國家當(dāng)局施壓，要求取消這個項目）以及第二段開頭GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.（斯坦福斯?桑珀州長堅持說，不會重新考慮這個電力項目，也不會推遲計劃在三年內(nèi)完成的建設(shè)）可知示威者抗議的是核電建設(shè)項目，核電站還未建成，選C選項“核電建設(shè)項目”，同時可知B選項“核電站”錯誤；A選項“私人利潤”以及B選項“公共危機(jī)”和原文不符。因此C選項正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“gas-masks”定位到原文最后一段Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.（警察發(fā)射的催淚彈并沒有把帶著防毒面具或面罩的抗議者趕走。最后，戴著防毒面具和頭盔的警察沖進(jìn)人群，一個一個地拖走了示威者）可知警察和示威者都有防毒面具，選D選項“B和C”；A選項“每個人”范圍太大；B選項“一部分抗議者”以及C選項“警察”都不完整。因此D選項正確。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.（示威者指責(zé)該項目在人口密集的地區(qū)是不安全的，會對海灣造成熱污染，而且沒有可接受的處理放射性廢料的方法）可知B選項“公共危險”，C選項“污染”，D選項“廢物的處置”都有提及；A選項“公共交通”未提及。因此A選項符合題意。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“jailsandcourts”定位到原文第一段最后一句Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.（示威活動將持續(xù)下去，直到監(jiān)獄和法院超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，以致國家司法系統(tǒng)崩潰）可知示威者準(zhǔn)備通過坐牢這一途徑表示絕不服輸，選B選項“被捕的示威者”，被捕的示威者最可能導(dǎo)致監(jiān)獄和法庭超載，同時可知D選項“示威者”錯誤，示威者還沒有到被捕的程度，不是最佳選擇；A選項“囚犯”和C選項“罪犯”與原文無關(guān)。因此B選項正確。

45.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“StanforthThumper”定位到原文第二段GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.（斯坦福斯?桑珀州長堅持說，不會重新考慮這個電力項目，也不會推遲計劃在三年內(nèi)完成的建設(shè)）以及第二段Thisprojectwillbeginontime…Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.（這項工程將按時開始……警方從整個州調(diào)來了增援部隊來處理騷亂）可推測斯坦福斯?桑珀不會因為外界的影響改變決定，即使動用警力也在所不惜，選A選項“固執(zhí)”；B選項“堅持”的程度沒有A選項深，不能更確切地表達(dá)斯坦福斯?桑珀的觀點(diǎn)；C選項“不能解決的”以及D選項“可寬恕的”和原文無關(guān)。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Pizzaisherfavoritefood.

B.Pizzaishersecondchoice.

C.Shedislikestheman’sidea.

D.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

【答案】D

【解析】M:I’vegotanidea.Let’sorderapizza.

W:Great.Isecondthatnotion.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】態(tài)度方向。男士提議定披薩，女士說：Great.Isecondthatnotion(好呀，我同意)。

6.不定項選擇題

Before1945,hardlyanyoneoutsideofNewMexicohadeverheardofAlamogordo.In1960itspopulationnumbered21,723.Eversince1898,whenthetownhadbeenbuiltbytheSouthernPacificRailroad,Alamogordohadbeenalonelytown.Thelandarounditwaslargelydesert,andlargelyempty.

Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.

AtdawnonJuly16,1945,theatomicbombwassetoff.Observersagreedthattheyhadwitnessedsomethingunlikeanythingeverseenbymenbefore,ahuge,colorfulfireball,morebrilliantthanthesunflashingasitroseformilesintotheair.Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.

Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.

Whennewsoftheatomicbombanditsdestructivenesswasannounced,peopleallovertheworldwonderedwhatothernewweaponswerebeingpreparedintheNewMexicodesert.Somepeopledoubtedthatthesecretofmakingatomicbombscouldbekeptfromothercountries.Someevendoubtedthewisdomofusingsopowerfulaweapon.Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.

1.Alamogordowaschosenasthetestsitemainlybecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthetoneofthispassage?

3.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

4.Afterthefirstatomicbombexplosion,everybodyagreedthat（）.

5.WhenwastheatomicbombdroppedonHiroshima?

問題1選項

A.itslocationwouldhidethesecretwell

B.italwayshadanenjoyableclimate

C.itwassituatedinsouthwesternNewMexico

D.itwasconnectedtoothercitiesbyarailway

問題2選項

A.Encouragement.

B.Fear.

C.Anxiety.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題3選項

A.theselectionofthetestsiteforthefirstatomicbomb

B.thedestructiveforceofthefirstatomicbomb

C.thesecretofAlamogordo

D.nuclearwar

問題4選項

A.itwasnotwisetousesuchapowerfulweapon

B.itwaswisetochooseAlamogordoasthetestsite

C.manhadenteredtheageofnuclear

D.itwasnotpossibletokeepthetechnologyofmakingatomicbombssecret

問題5選項

A.AtdawnonJuly16,1945.

B.Severalweeksafterthetest.

C.Assoonasthesecretwasrevealed.

D.Immediatelyafterthetest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“chosenasthetestsite”可以定位到文章第二段Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.（由于地處偏僻，而且天氣幾乎總是晴朗平和，阿拉莫戈多附近的一處沙漠被選為有史以來第一顆原子彈爆炸的最后地點(diǎn)。），說明選擇阿拉莫戈多作為試驗地點(diǎn)的原因是它地處偏僻，同時第四段最后一句也說到Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.（幾乎每個人都驚訝地得知炸彈是在哪里制造和測試的；西南部的沙漠很好地隱藏了這個秘密。），說明偏僻的沙漠能很好地隱藏秘密，是選擇其作為試驗地點(diǎn)的原因。因此A選項“它的位置能很好地隱藏秘密”正確。B選項“它總是氣候宜人”，根據(jù)原文可知，天氣好是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因，所以B錯誤。C選項“它位于新墨西哥州西南部”只是介紹了阿拉莫戈多的位置，沒有說明選擇它作為試驗地點(diǎn)的原因，所以C錯誤。D選項“它通過鐵路與其他城市相連”，原文只說它是由南太平洋鐵路公司建成的，沒有說它和其他城市相連，所以D錯誤。

第2題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章首先介紹了阿拉莫戈多的背景，然后描述了原子彈爆炸事件和人們對其的反應(yīng)，整體是站在一個比較客觀的態(tài)度來講述事件經(jīng)過的，沒有加入個人的情感。A選項“鼓勵”，B選項“恐懼”，C選項“焦慮”均不符合文章基調(diào)，因此D選項“以上都不是”正確。

第3題:主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞阿拉莫戈多這個地點(diǎn)展開敘述，首先介紹了它的位置和地理環(huán)境，引出下文它作為原子彈爆炸秘密試驗地點(diǎn)，這個秘密公開時所有人都感到很驚訝，因此C選項“阿拉莫戈多的秘密”符合文章主旨。A選項“第一顆原子彈試驗地點(diǎn)的選定”，B選項“第一顆原子彈的破壞力”，D選項“核戰(zhàn)爭”都只說明了文章的一部分，不能代表全文的主旨，所以A，B，D錯誤。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.（但沒有人懷疑，一場新的戰(zhàn)爭——一個新的世界——在1945年夏天的一個早晨，從阿拉莫戈多開始了。），1945年夏天的早晨說明是第一顆原子彈爆炸的時間，新的戰(zhàn)爭和世界開始了說明人類開始使用原子彈等核武器，進(jìn)入了核武器時代。因此C選項“人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了核時代”正確。A選項“使用如此強(qiáng)大的武器是不明智的”只是部分人的想法，所以A錯誤。B選項“選擇阿拉莫戈多作為試驗地點(diǎn)是明智之舉”，D選項“制造原子彈的技術(shù)不可能保密”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯誤。

第5題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.（幾個星期以來，試驗一直保密。當(dāng)一顆原子彈從美國飛機(jī)投到日本廣島時，美國各地的報紙和廣播電臺都在報道新墨西哥州的原子彈試驗。），說明在試驗之后過了幾周才正式投放原子彈。因此B選項“試驗過后幾周”正確。A選項“1945年7月16日黎明時分”，由原文可知這是試驗的時間，不是在廣島投下原子彈的時間，所以A錯誤。C選項“秘密一經(jīng)披露后”，當(dāng)在廣島投下原子彈之后，試驗的秘密才被揭露，所以C錯誤。D選項“試驗后立即投放”，由原文可知是過了幾周后才投放的，所以D錯誤。

7.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanrobotsdonow?

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問題1選項

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

問題2選項

A.devices

B.experts

C.programs

D.creatures

問題3選項

A.canfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.canrespondindependentlytoachangingworld

C.canhavealittlecommonsense

D.caninteractwithhumanbeingsverbally

問題4選項

A.Makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.Dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.Improvefactoryenvironments.

D.Cultivatehumancreativity.

問題5選項

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

D.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Humaningenuity可以定位到原文首段“Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.”中文翻譯為：從人類智慧出現(xiàn)以來，人們一直都在設(shè)計更加巧妙的工具來處理危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或只是顯然骯臟的工作。因此C選項“針對困難和危險的工作發(fā)明工具”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:device“裝置”；B:expert“專家”；C:program“程序”；D:creature“生物”。

根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“…whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.”中文翻譯為：他們的普遍存在已節(jié)省了很多人類勞動，以及gizmo意為“小裝置”可推斷出A項“裝置”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”中文翻譯為：我們不能給予機(jī)器人足夠的常識來讓其可靠地與一個不斷變化的世界進(jìn)行互動?？芍鸢笧锽項“能獨(dú)自對一個變化的世界做出反應(yīng)”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror.”中文翻譯為：雖然我們知曉如何告訴一個機(jī)器人去處理一個特定的錯誤，可以判斷B項“在人類的介入下處理一些錯誤”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文最后一段“Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.”中文翻譯為：但是，人的大腦能夠掃視一個快速變化的場景，然后立刻忽視98%的不相干的物體，隨后立即聚焦于在蜿蜒的森林道路旁的一只猴子，或一大群人中一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也不能達(dá)到那種能力，并且神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家仍然不知道我們?nèi)绾巫龅竭@點(diǎn)?？芍鸢笧镈“在聚焦于相關(guān)信息方面遠(yuǎn)不及人類大腦”。

8.單選題

Hedoesn’tnee