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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-川北幼兒師范高等??茖W(xué)??荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whendepartmentstoreshaveanoversupplyofgoods,theyfrequently()pricestoencouragesales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.review

C.damage

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏;隱瞞”;B選項(xiàng)review“回顧;檢查;復(fù)審”;C選項(xiàng)damage“損害,毀壞”D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少;降低”。句意:當(dāng)百貨公司的商品供過于求時(shí),他們經(jīng)常降價(jià)以促進(jìn)銷量??崭裉巹釉~的賓語是“價(jià)格”,根據(jù)后面的“以促進(jìn)銷量”可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Thechiefdrawbackoftheadeno-associatedvirusisthatitissmall,carryingonlytwogenesinitsnaturalstate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feature

B.concern

C.defect

D.barrier

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.feature特色,特征B.concern(尤指許多人共同的)擔(dān)心,憂慮

C.defect缺點(diǎn),缺陷,毛病(某事物或其制造方式上的錯(cuò)誤,意味著不完美)D.barrier屏障,障礙物

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】drawback的意思為“缺點(diǎn),不利條件(使某事物失去吸引力的缺點(diǎn)或問題)”,這里指的是腺病毒群的缺點(diǎn),defect與之詞義相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】腺病毒群的主要缺點(diǎn)是體積小,在自然狀態(tài)下只攜帶兩個(gè)基因。

3.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“whimper”,意為“抽泣,吹口哨”;B選項(xiàng)“whim”,意為“心血來潮,突發(fā)奇想”,C選項(xiàng)“whirl”,意為“旋轉(zhuǎn),回轉(zhuǎn)”,D選項(xiàng)“whistle”,意為“口哨,汽笛聲”。句意:最后,小男孩去上學(xué)了,并沒有多少抗議的念頭。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages()patriotism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“廢棄的,老式的”;B選項(xiàng)“侵略性的,好斗的”;C選項(xiàng)“和諧的,和睦的”;D選項(xiàng)“和藹可親的,親切的”,句意:國際體育應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造國家之間的友好關(guān)系,但在目前的奧林匹克組織中以某種方式鼓勵______愛國主義。由but可以得知和前文應(yīng)該是有轉(zhuǎn)折的,因此空格處想表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“鼓勵帶有挑釁性的愛國精神”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

MybosshasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany(

)onwhathepromises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformity

B.probability

C.reliance

D.assurance

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。conformity“遵守,一致”;probability“可能性,幾率”;reliance“信賴,信心”;assurance“保證,擔(dān)?!薄>湟猓何业睦习宥啻问庞谖?,所以我不再相信他的承諾。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.supreme最高的,至高的B.unbending堅(jiān)定的,不易彎曲的,冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的,不必要的D.tangible有形的,切實(shí)的,可觸摸的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer(消費(fèi)者的利益)可推測,paramount的意思是“第一位的,首位的”,A選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞含義最為接近,故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】消費(fèi)者的利益應(yīng)放在首位。

7.單選題

Heisas_____apoliticianasyoucanfindanywhere.There’snotahintofscandalinhislongcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrupulous

B.voracious

C.epicurean

D.profuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“一絲不茍的;審慎正直的”,B項(xiàng)“貪吃的;渴求的”,C項(xiàng)“享樂的;吃喝玩樂的”,D項(xiàng)“大量的;慷慨的”,根據(jù)后一句“在他漫長的職業(yè)生涯中沒有一絲丑聞”,故選A。

8.單選題

Justasthebuilderisskilledinthehandlingofhisbricks,______istheexperiencedwriterinthehandlingofhiswords.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.as

C.thus

D.equally

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:正如建筑工人熟練地使用他的磚,經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的作家同樣如此地運(yùn)用他的文字。justas...so“就像……,……同樣”,justas引出表示對比的從句,主句用so相對應(yīng),A選項(xiàng)so符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswerSheet.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis

1.______

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof

2.______

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof

3.______

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis

4.______

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery

5.______

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered

6.______

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies

7.______

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants

8.______

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe

9.______

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflooding

10.______

outagaintothesuburbs.

【答案】1.∧newone→a

2.filling→filled

3.though→/

4.This→What

5.was→were

6.dissimilar→similar

7.lies→lie

8.that→which

9.it→them

10.late→later

【解析】1.考查不定冠詞使用。根據(jù)句子Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.(一些城市已經(jīng)失去了原來的目標(biāo),而且還沒有找到新的目標(biāo))可知,new前面缺少不定冠詞a表示泛指某物。

2.考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子…poorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing可知,非謂語動詞fill和who之間屬于邏輯動賓關(guān)系,所以fill需要用過去分詞來表示被動意義。

3.考查比較狀語從句。根據(jù)句子TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.(在孟買或巴西利亞的邊緣,也有一些落后的城鎮(zhèn),就如在17世紀(jì)的倫敦或19世紀(jì)早期的巴黎邊緣一樣)可知,seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis(17世紀(jì)的倫敦或19世紀(jì)早期的巴黎邊緣)這里屬于現(xiàn)在的情況與過去的情況進(jìn)行對比,故不應(yīng)該用justasthough(就像)引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣,所以要刪除“though”來表示一種比較。

4.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子Thisisnewisthescale可知,句子中有兩個(gè)系動詞,所以需要把this替換成一個(gè)可以充當(dāng)主語并且引導(dǎo)句子的關(guān)系代詞來使句子結(jié)構(gòu)合理,所以講this改為what。

5.考查主謂一致。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞contrasts(反差)可知,這是復(fù)數(shù),后置定語中的be動詞應(yīng)該也用復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以was要改為were。

6.考查句意。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions(貧困人口仍有數(shù)百萬)可知墨西哥城現(xiàn)在的情況與過去是類似的,所以應(yīng)該把dissimilar(不同的)改成similar(相似的)。

7.考查單復(fù)數(shù)一致。根據(jù)句子butbehinditliestwomyths(但在這背后有兩個(gè)神話)可知,這里是完全倒裝,真正的主語是twomyths,所以lie應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式;故將lies改為lie。

8.考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞that前面的逗號可知,這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,所以應(yīng)該把that改為which。

9.考查代詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞immigrants(移民)可知,這里應(yīng)該用第三人稱的復(fù)數(shù)形式them表示,所以應(yīng)該將it改為them。

10.考查副詞。根據(jù)句子themythofthecityasapromisedland,whichattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsthemfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.(城市神話是應(yīng)許之地,吸引了來自貧困農(nóng)村的移民,讓他們涌入城市中心;而鄉(xiāng)村神話是伊甸園,幾代人之后,又讓他們涌向郊區(qū))可知,afewgenerations(幾代人)、floodingintocityenters“涌入市中心”與floodingoutagaintothesuburbs(再次涌出郊區(qū))這里對應(yīng),指代“幾代人之后涌出郊區(qū)”,所以應(yīng)該將late(晚,遲)改為later(后來,隨后)。

10.單選題

AlthoughItriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,Iwas(

)bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissuaded

B.averted

C.repressed

D.distracted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)dissuade“勸阻”;B選項(xiàng)avert“轉(zhuǎn)移”;C選項(xiàng)repress“抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓”;D選項(xiàng)distract“分心”。句意:盡管我試圖集中注意力聽演講,但還是被隔壁房間的噪音分心。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

11.單選題

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofmediumis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)grant“授予,允許”;B選項(xiàng)imply“暗示”;C選項(xiàng)exaggerate“夸大”;D選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救,糾正”。句意:大多數(shù)廣播公司認(rèn)為電視受到了不公正的批評,認(rèn)為媒體的力量被夸大了。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

12.單選題

OnlytheChinesehavesuccessfully()pandasandraisedtheirbabiesincaptivity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bred

B.expanded

C.exerted

D.availed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Bred繁殖,飼養(yǎng);expanded擴(kuò)張;exerted運(yùn)用,發(fā)揮;availed有利,有用。句意:只有中國人成功地繁殖了熊貓,并在圈養(yǎng)環(huán)境下哺育熊貓幼崽。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely()random.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語辨析。句意:用來做實(shí)驗(yàn)的人完全是隨機(jī)挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地,隨便地”,因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

14.單選題

Theoctopus(章魚)’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfishhavereasontobefrightenedofthismulti-armedpredator,butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus.Evenagiantamongoctopusesismuchsmallerthanmostpeopleimagine.Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulf(吞下)asubmarine,asmonsteroctopusesinmovieshavebeenknowntodo,thelargestoctopuses,foundonthePacificcoast,weigharound110poundsandgrowtoadiameterofnomorethantenfeet.

Thehard,parrot-likebeak(嘴)ofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.Itfeedsinsteadbypouringdigestivejuicesintoitsvictims,andthensuckingupthesoupyremains.Aclamorscallop(扇貝)thatfindsitselfinthegraspofanoctopushasonlyashorttimetolive.Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout().

2.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat().

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thehardbeakoftheoctopusisusedfor().

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thehorrorsoftheoctopus

B.thelargestoctopusintheworld

C.octopusandtheirbehavior

D.theoctopus’sdeadlyhuntingmethod

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavegroundlessfearsabouttheoctopus

B.theoctopusisnotinterestedinhumanbeingsbecausetheyaretoolargeforit

C.theoctopusisafraidofhumanbeings

D.theoctopusisaveryviciousseaanimal

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theoctopususuallyusesitseighttentaclestotearitspreyintopiecesbeforeeatingitup.

B.Theoctopusalwayscatchessickandcarelessfish.

C.Theoctopusneverattackspeople.

D.Theoctopuscanengulfsubmarines.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingdeep-seadivers

B.cuttinguplargepiecesofmeat

C.cuttingopenitsprey

D.defendingitself

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theoctopusisnotdangeroustoman,asmanypeoplebelieveittobe

B.peopleoftenfearcreaturesthatarenotdangeroustothem

C.theoctopusonlyhuntsitsnaturalprey

D.thingsdescribedinmoviesarenottobebelieved

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。C選項(xiàng)是貫穿全文的,文章介紹了章魚和它們的習(xí)性,也解釋了人們對章魚作為人類殺手的誤解。消除人們對章魚的害怕。從全篇文章的第一段的句子Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.(章魚確實(shí)是致命的獵手,但只是針對它的自然獵物。)可知文章介紹了章魚和它們的習(xí)性,因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚和它們的行為”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)在第一段第一句Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.(章魚作為人類殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞——這完全是一個(gè)神話。)根據(jù)這個(gè)我們可以知道,章魚并不可怕,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)在第一段的第三句butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚都不會感興趣。)這里只是為了證明章魚并不會襲擊人類,而不是本文的主旨,因此排除;D選項(xiàng)在第一段有提到,但是這也只是一部分內(nèi)容,并不是全文主旨。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段的句子Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(盡管如此,人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物,好好看一看它們。)可以推斷出人們對于章魚有著莫名的恐懼,因此A選項(xiàng)“人們對章魚的恐懼是沒有根據(jù)的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)在第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚都不會感興趣),這是文章直接說的,并不是隱晦表達(dá)出的,因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)是全文都沒提及的,排除;D選項(xiàng)原文并沒有相關(guān)表述,只是在第二段講了章魚的捕食方式,而它們是否惡毒我們不得而知。

3.推理判斷題。定位到第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚都不會感興趣。)通過這一句話我們知道,章魚并不會襲擊人類,因?yàn)槿祟悓τ谒鼈儊碚f太大了,因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚從不攻擊人”正確。A選項(xiàng)關(guān)于章魚的捕獵方式在第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.(章魚堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來攻擊深海潛水員的,而是用來割開螃蟹和龍蝦的。事實(shí)上,章魚的喉嚨非常小,它不能吞下大塊的肉。)可以看出章魚并沒有把獵物撕扯開,因此A錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)在第一段Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfish(蛤蜊、貽貝、螃蟹、龍蝦,還有偶爾生病或不小心的魚),它們只是偶爾捕食生病或不小心的魚類,而不是經(jīng)常,因此B錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)在第一段Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulfasubmarine(遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有大到足以吞沒一艘潛艇。)因此章魚并不能吞下一艘潛艇,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters(章魚堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來攻擊深海潛水員的,而是用來割開螃蟹和龍蝦的),而螃蟹和龍蝦就是它的食物,因此C選項(xiàng)“剖開獵物”正確,而A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B和D均未提及,排除。

5.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段最后一句話Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(但人類是絕對安全的。盡管如此,人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物,好好看一看它們。)可知對人來說,章魚是沒有威脅的;第一段說Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration(章魚作為人類殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞),也就是人們認(rèn)為它們很危險(xiǎn),但是實(shí)際上不是,因此A選項(xiàng)“章魚對人類并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣危險(xiǎn)”正確。B、C和D原文都沒有進(jìn)行描述,因此排除。

15.單選題

Sincetherewasnoplacetotakeshelter,wegot()inthesuddendownpourinnotime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stained

B.soaked

C.sprayed

D.sticky

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stained“玷污的”;C選項(xiàng)sprayed“被噴成霧狀的”;D選項(xiàng)sticky“粘性的”。句意:由于沒有地方躲避,我們立即被突然而至的傾盆大雨……了??筛鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞downpour傾盆大雨,和前面的noplace進(jìn)行聯(lián)想猜測。B選項(xiàng)soaked“濕透的”更符合語境。故選B。

16.單選題

Thephrase“progressiveeducation”isone,ifnotprotest,atleastofcontrast,ofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matter,authoritarianinmethods,andmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrast,reactionandprotest,foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyis,andyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools.

Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbe,atleast,theonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintotheclouds,isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowers,andthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation.

Whattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistence?Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarly,aneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation.

Inanycase,developmentandgrowthinvolvechange,modification,andmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacher,underthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividuality,tofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstanding,thepracticalworkthenbegins,forthepracticalworkisoneofmodification,ofchanging,ofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniques,towardsgreaterself-reliance,towardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdisposition,onemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thephilosophyofeducation(

).

2.Thephilosophyofeducationissupposedto(

).

3.Thechieftaskofthephilosophyofeducationisto(

).

4.Thesignificanceofdesirableeducationlies(

).

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?(

),

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthesameastheconceptionofprogressiveeducation

B.studiestheessenceofeducationandthewayitoccurs

C.conformstoanyideaofeducationthatisconservativeandauthoritarian

D.dealswiththejudgmentanddirectionofschoolmanagement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultfromrealunderstandingofoccurrencesinactualschooling

B.betheonlywayleadingtoobscureunderstandingofeducation

C.havetakenplacewheneducationfirstcameintoexistence

D.bethebasisonwhichdecisionsonpracticaleducationareformulated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheconstitutionofhumannatureingreatdetail

B.clarifythepracticaleffectsofsocialforcesoneducation

C.presenthowrawmaterialsaremadeintovaluablegoods

D.findoutthewaysofhowtobringoutthebesthumanfaculties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreinitsoperationthaninitsmodification

B.lessinitsmodificationthaninitsoperation

C.notonlyinitsresultbutalsoinitsprocess

D.ratherinitsprocessthaninitsresult

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesupposedapprovaloftheideaofcultivatingindividualityisreasonable.

B.Modificationreferstomakingapupildevelopinafixeddirection.

C.Torespectindividualitymeanstodiscoverwhetheranindividualisworthmodifying.

D.Trueeducationshouldbebasedoncultivatingastudentaccordingtohis/hernaturaltalent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句在解釋什么是“教育原理”時(shí)提到“itisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句后半句“isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs”,提到了如何定義教育。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與之匹配,可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.(在制定一個(gè)教育原理之前,我們需要知道人的本質(zhì)是如何構(gòu)成的,我們必須知道實(shí)際的社會力量的作用,我們必須知道如何將基礎(chǔ)原材料通過加工改造成更有價(jià)值的東西。)第三段最后一句話Similarly,andeducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation(一個(gè)受教育的人要有能力讓更多人受教育)。從這里可知,教育的主要目的是培養(yǎng)人的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段第二句和第三句原文“Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant”,選項(xiàng)C與之相符,符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提及到要“respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual”(尊重個(gè)性是最基本的、明智的)。所以可以推論出作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,強(qiáng)調(diào)因材施教。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.performingbyMelissawere

B.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

C.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

D.Melissaknewthatperformingwas

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)與同位語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知and為連詞,后面接的是一個(gè)完整的句子,因此and前也應(yīng)為一個(gè)句子,空格處缺少主語,根據(jù)Evenasagirl可知agirl是主語的同位語,因此D選項(xiàng)符合語法和句式要求。句意:即使是個(gè)小女孩時(shí),梅麗莎就知道表演是她的生命,而劇院的觀眾是她最好的老師。

18.翻譯題

在某種物理障礙物的后面,人們會感到安全。如果一種社會場景在某種方式上具有威脅性,那么就有必要設(shè)立這樣的一種障礙。當(dāng)一個(gè)小孩面對陌生人時(shí),它會躲在母親的身后,然后偷偷地觀察闖入者下一少做什么。如果母親不在身邊,椅子或者其他的家具之類的東西也可以,那么小孩面對陌生人的問題就會得到解決。如果陌生人堅(jiān)持地向它靠近,那張窺探的面孔也會一起藏起來。如果這位不敏感的闖入者繼續(xù)靠近的話,雖然孩子已經(jīng)明顯表現(xiàn)出恐懼,那么小孩可能別無選擇地哭泣或逃跑。

這種模式隨著孩子的成熟,會逐漸地減少。但是在少女中,仍然可以發(fā)現(xiàn)他們咯咯笑的時(shí)候會用手或紙捂著面孔。在我們成年之后,童年時(shí)期的躲藏以及青少年時(shí)期的害羞在我們勇敢地見我們的客人、同伴、親戚、同事以及客戶的時(shí)候,就會全部地消失。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Behindsomekindofphysicalbarrier,peoplefeelsafe.Ifasocialscenarioisthreateninginsomeway,itisnecessarytoerectsuchabarrier.Whenachildfacesastranger,ithidesbehinditsmotherandsecretlywatcheswhattheintruderdoesnext.Ifthemotherisn'taround,achairorotherpieceoffurniturewilldo,andthechild'sproblemwithstrangerswillbesolved.Ifthestrangerpersistedinapproachingit,thepeepingfacewouldhidewithhim.Iftheinsensitiveintrudercontinuestoapproach,thechildmayhavenochoicebuttocryorrunaway,eventhoughfearisalreadyevident.

Thispatterndiminishesasthechildgrowsup.Butamongteenagegirls,theycanstillbefoundgigglingwiththeirhandsorpaperovertheirfaces.Afterwereachadulthood,thehidingofchildhoodandtheshynessofadolescencealldisappearwhenwebravelymeetourguests,companions,relatives,colleaguesandclients.

19.單選題

Becauseofthestroke,thespeakingcenterofthebrainwasdeaD.Whenshesays“speaking”,shemeanscommunicationinanyform:writing,drawing,bodylanguage,gestures—anymeansofexpressingherselfbesides______sounds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.intoning

C.recording

D.vocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrating“振動,(使)震動;顫抖;共鳴”;B選項(xiàng)intoning“緩慢莊重地說;吟詠”;C選項(xiàng)recording“錄音;記錄;錄像”;D選項(xiàng)vocal“歌唱的;聲音的,有聲的”。句意:由于中風(fēng),大腦的說話中樞已經(jīng)死亡。當(dāng)她說“說話”,意味著任何形式的溝通:寫作,畫畫,肢體語言,手勢,任何方式表達(dá)自己除了……的聲音。聯(lián)系前文,她有多種形式表達(dá)溝通,但是除了……的聲音,可以推測,她由于中風(fēng)不能發(fā)出聲音,因此D選項(xiàng)vocal(有聲的)符合句意,可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們的足球隊(duì)正在和英國哥倫比亞大學(xué)的球隊(duì)……。meet“滿足,遇見”;contest“比賽,競賽”;concede“承認(rèn),讓步”;contemplate“考慮,沉思”。根據(jù)“ourfootballteam”可知是在進(jìn)行比賽,contend的意思是“競爭;斗爭”。因此,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit()aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedup

B.turnedin

C.turnedon

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnup“出現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn),折起”;turnin“上繳,出賣”;turnon“打開,發(fā)動”;turnout“結(jié)果是,證明是”。句意:去年夏天我姨媽的貓丟了,但是一周后它出現(xiàn)在鄰村的一戶人家里。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

22.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindof,zooorwildlife()forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。conservation“保存;保護(hù)”;maintenance“維護(hù);維修”;storage“存儲;倉庫”;reserve“存儲;自然保護(hù)區(qū)”,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處的名詞與wildlife一起同zoo構(gòu)成并列成分,根據(jù)后句中的allowanimalstodevelopnaturally“允許動物自然生長”,可知此處應(yīng)該選擇名詞reserve,wildlifereserve是“野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)”的意思。句意:一些科學(xué)家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的動物園或者野生動物……,正如我們在地球上設(shè)立荒野地帶,允許在我們的觀察下讓動物自然生長。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

23.單選題

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould()mycold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:heat“使溫暖,使發(fā)熱”;B:cure“治療,治愈”;C:treat“對待;治療”;D:recover“恢復(fù);重新獲得”。句意:假如這種藥我一天吃兩次,它就可以治愈我的感冒。結(jié)合此處語境,和感冒相關(guān),故B為正確答案。

24.單選題

Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition(

)itissubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.which

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此處將介詞提前,因此選D。

句意:在選擇材料時(shí),工程師感興趣的是材料在遭受負(fù)荷或者某種狀況時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出來的特性。

25.單選題

Theincident()pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.purchased

B.produced

C.provoked

D.processed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)事件引起了新聞界的興趣。數(shù)家報(bào)社的記者前來采訪他。

考查動詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。Purchase購買,贏得;produce生產(chǎn);制造;生長;provoke激怒,煽動,引起;process加工,處理;審閱,審核。故C符合句意。

26.寫作題

Doyouthinkpeopleshouldbuythingsmadeintheirowncountry,evenwhenthepriceishigherthanthesamethingsmadesomewhereelse?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.

【答案】

PeopleShouldChoosetheProductsTheyWouldLiketoBuy27.單選題

NoTobaccoDayisthedaywhentheWorldHealthOrganization(

)topeopletostopusingtobaccoproducts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asks

B.applies

C.appeals

D.urges

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。appealtosb.todosth.意為“呼吁/懇請某人做某事”。句意:無煙日是世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁人們停止使用煙草制品的日子。選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A和D后面直接接sb.,不接介詞to;選項(xiàng)B的用法是applytosb.forsth.,意為“向某人申請...”。所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

28.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback,意為“追溯”,而且后面兩段提到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵復(fù)現(xiàn)詞sleep,所以第一段開頭填D項(xiàng)“睡眠是非常古老的”正確。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless,第三句講了dreamless,所以這里是對dreaming和dreamless分別敘述,第二句肯定是和dream相關(guān)的,故A項(xiàng)“在有夢睡眠中,動物被有力地固定住,對外界刺激明顯沒有反應(yīng)”正確。

43.第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到“與聰明的動物相比,愚蠢的動物在深度睡眠時(shí)不太會動彈”,然后就提出了一個(gè)問題Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(但他們?yōu)槭裁匆蒙钅兀浚?,并且第二段提到了一個(gè)highlyevolved,所以結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,該題選擇E項(xiàng)“為什么會進(jìn)化出這樣一種深度靜止的狀態(tài)?”正確。

44.最后一段開頭提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle(海豚、鯨魚以及水生哺乳動物睡眠都很少),所以后面要解釋其原因。而第二段有提到“在自然選擇中,聰明的動物都不會讓自己進(jìn)行深度睡眠”,故選B項(xiàng)“總的來說,海洋里沒有藏身之處”正確。

45.最后一段提到Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefact(關(guān)于睡眠的原始功能,也許可以從這一事實(shí)中找到有用的線索),所以這一段是回答第二段后面的兩個(gè)問題,然后作者論述了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),最后一句肯定是總結(jié),所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)有趣的觀點(diǎn),可能至少部分是正確的”正確。

29.單選題

Obviously,theemployer’sreplyborelittle()toemployees’requirements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relationship

B.concern

C.interest

D.relevance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。relationship“關(guān)系”;concern“關(guān)心”;interest“興趣”;relevance“要求”。本句意為“很明顯的,雇主的答復(fù)與雇員的要求無關(guān)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

30.單選題

AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium^periodof1,000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerate:progressinallareasoflife.Pearsonhas(1)togethertoworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproducea(2)millenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkey(3)anddiscoveriestotakeplace.

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