考研考博-英語-嶺南師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嶺南師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Somefeltthattheywerehurryingintoanepochofunprecedentedenlightenment,inwhichbettereducationandbeneficialtechnologywould（）wealthandleisureforall.

問題1選項

A.maintain

B.ensure

C.certify

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。maintain“維持，繼續(xù)”；ensure“保證，確?！保籧ertify“證明，保證”；console“安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為他們正在匆忙進(jìn)入一個前所未有的啟蒙時代，在這個時代，更好的教育和科技將確保所有人的財富和閑暇。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

InItaly,itisgoodmannersforaman[A]togreetanothermanwithanembraceandakiss[B]oneverycheek.[C]NotsoinSouthTexas,wheremenstand3feetapartand[D]at90degreeanglestoconversewithoneanother.Allcultureshaverulesandifyouviolatethem,youwillbeexcluded.

問題1選項

A.greetanotherman

B.oneverycheek

C.NotsoinSouthTexas

D.at90degreeangles

【答案】B

【解析】考查代詞用法。B選項中的every指三個或以上的人或事物的全體，而一個人的臉頰只有兩邊，應(yīng)將every改為each。

3.單選題

Hundredsoflocalresidentssigneda（）againstclosingtheswimming-pool.

問題1選項

A.petition

B.perceive

C.partition

D.participation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：數(shù)百名當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈炇鹆艘环莘磳﹃P(guān)閉游泳池的請愿書。因此選A。

4.單選題

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

問題1選項

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures“失敗”；defects“缺點(diǎn)”；routes“路線”；spots“斑點(diǎn)”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay（）fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

問題1選項

A.takecontrol

B.takeplace

C.takeup

D.takeover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Thecloseronecangettoreality,theeasierthelearningbythestudent,（

）

thatthenecessaryknowledgehasbeengivenpreviouslytofacilitatecomprehension.

問題1選項

A.so

B.despite

C.such

D.provided

【答案】D

【解析】考察連詞辨析。so因此，despite盡管，such如此；providedthat“如果，假設(shè)”;句意：如果先前已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了能夠幫助理解的必要知識，那么距離現(xiàn)實(shí)越近，學(xué)習(xí)就會越容易。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere,she（）bybus.

問題1選項

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。A選項musthavegone表示肯定的猜測，“她一定是坐公交車去的”；B選項shouldhavegone和C選項oughttohavegone表示本來應(yīng)該，“她本應(yīng)該坐公交車去的”；D選項couldhavegone表示本來可以，“她本可以坐公交車去的”。句意：南希去上班了，但她的車還在那兒，她一定是坐公交車去的。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

______elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

問題1選項

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Cultivated用于耕作的；有教養(yǎng)的B.Regulated調(diào)節(jié)的

C.Civil國民的；平民的D.Tame養(yǎng)馴的，馴服的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“______的大象和野象在很多方面都不一樣，包括它們的脾氣”可知，野象脾氣不穩(wěn)定，而馴服的大象會更溫順，所以空格處表示“馴服的”符合句意，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】馴象和野象在很多方面都不一樣，包括它們的脾氣。

9.單選題

Notuntilthegamehadbegun（

）atthesportsground.

問題1選項

A.hadhearrived

B.wouldhehavearrived

C.didhearrive

D.shouldhehavearrived

【答案】C

【解析】語法（倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài)）題。Notuntil表示否定意義，位于句首時，主句部分需要部分倒裝。從句中的謂語動詞hadbegun為過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞為一般過去時，用來強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前，所以C選項正確。

10.單選題

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（

）afterthefloodin1991.

問題1選項

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。survive“幸存，生還”；suspend“延緩”；suffer“遭受，允許，寬恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的幫助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下來。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問題1選項

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動物是海生動物，沒有外殼；而且只有B項能修飾動物。

12.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項confine“限制；禁閉”；B選項conform“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境”；C選項confront“面對；遭遇；比較”；D選項confirm“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)”。句意：在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人都將遵守該文化既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？崭裉幍膭釉~既要符合句意，又要與to構(gòu)成搭配。因此B項正確。Conformto表示“符合，遵照”。

13.單選題

Asanimportantpartofpolicestrategy,rapidpoliceresponseisseenbypoliceofficersandthepublic（

）asofferingtremendousbenefits.

問題1選項

A.similarly

B.thesame

C.alike

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞。四個選項均有“相似地，相同地”意思，根據(jù)句意“警察和民眾都認(rèn)為警察快速反應(yīng)機(jī)制將會帶來巨大利益”，在句中，as與seen搭配，表示“被看作”的意思，因此空格處應(yīng)該填入形容詞，其中A與D為副詞，不符合題意。Asthesame雖然可以搭配，但是不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage（）intheworld.

問題1選項

A.neighborhoods

B.communities

C.clusters

D.assemblies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項neighborhood“街坊，街區(qū)”，B項community“社區(qū)，共同體，團(tuán)體”，C項cluster“群，簇”，D項assembly“裝配，集合”；根據(jù)空格前面的differentlanguage（不同的語言），結(jié)合句子的語境，只有B項符合。句意：紐約可能是世界上不同語言社區(qū)數(shù)量最多的城市。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

15.單選題

問題1選項

A.Minor

B.Moderate.

C.Intense.

D.Severe.

【答案】A

【解析】10.M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1to10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethewoman’spain?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：以下哪個最能準(zhǔn)確描述這個女士的傷痛？由文中“I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.（我想說痛感是1到10等級的第一級。就像我說的，并不算很痛）”，可知A選項“Minor（輕度）”符合原文。B選項“中等的”；C選項“強(qiáng)烈的”；D選項“劇烈的”不符合原文。

16.單選題

Somecriminalswereprinting（）dollarbillsuntiltheywerearrested.

問題1選項

A.decent

B.fake

C.patent

D.suspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些罪犯直到被逮捕吋還正在印刷偽造的美鈔。

考查形容詞辨析。decent像樣的，相當(dāng)不錯的，正派的，得體的，相當(dāng)好的；fake假的，偽造的，冒充的；patent專利的，顯然的；suspicious可疑的，懷疑的，多疑的。故B符合句意。

17.單選題

Themanagerthought______theproblemforthreedaysbeforehefinallymadethedecision.

問題1選項

A.on

B.in

C.over

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.on在……上B.in在……里

C.over關(guān)于，翻轉(zhuǎn)D.down向下

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由forthreedays（三天）可知，這個經(jīng)理是“仔細(xì)考慮”，thinkover為固定搭配，表示“仔細(xì)考慮”。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B、D選項和think不構(gòu)成搭配；

A選項thinkon（考慮，思量）程度不夠深，排除。

【句意】在最后做出決定之前，經(jīng)理對這個問題仔細(xì)考慮了三天。

18.單選題

（

）lackofevidence,theprisonerhadtobereleasedafterstayinginjailforsixmonths.

問題1選項

A.In

B.For

C.On

D.With

【答案】B

【解析】考察邏輯連接詞。分析句子可知，從句表示原因，主句為對應(yīng)的結(jié)果。For因為…;句意：由于缺少證據(jù)。選項B符合句意。

19.單選題

The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項incompatible“不相容的，不兼容的”，B項exceeding“非常的”，C項instantaneous“瞬間的”，D項eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”，把四個選項分別代入，只有D項符合語境。句意：生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

20.單選題

ThreemillionpeoplediedofAIDSin2000.Asthepandemicgrows,itforcestheworldtoseewhatitmaynotwanttosee:thatdiseasesarisingamongspecificpopulations—prostitutes(knowntoHIV/AIDSspecialistsas“sexworkers”)andtheircustomers,drugusers,andgaymen——canflareintogreaterpandemics;thatwomeninthedevelopingworldhavelittleleveragetonegotiatesafesexwiththeirpartnersandareoftenabusedfortrying,thatpoverty,morethananysinglefactor,drivesthespreadofAIDSbyforcingyoungpeopleintosexworkor,asinEasternEurope,leadingthemtothetrapofinjectingdrugs;andthatrichnationsareofteninsensitivetothehealthproblemsofimpoverishedones.Ninety-fouroutofeveryhundredHIVinfectedpeopleliveindevelopingnations,wherecurrentlyavailabledrugtherapiesarelargelyunaffordable.Whilesuchmedicinesdonotpreventinfection,theydolowerthelevelofvirusinthebodyandmay,accordingtosomeexperts,thusreducetransmissionrates.Manypublichealthofficialssaythatthedrugscoupledwithpreventionprogramsindevelopingnationscouldslowthepaceofthepandemic.

DebateoversocialandeconomicissuessurroundingAIDSlayyearsawaywhentheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevent(CDCP)soundedthefirstalarminJune1981.Thatmonththeagencyissuedawarningaboutanunusualcellular-immunedysfunctionfoundin“fivepreviouslyhealthyindividualswithoutaclinicallyapparentunderlyingimmunodeficiency，’’andayearlater,thetermAIDSwascoined.Asthediseasetookonthedimensionsofaplague,itsweptawaynotionsthatgreatpandemicsbelongtohistory.Itaddedtotheunderstandingthatanexoticfamilyofvirusescalledretroviruses,morecommonlyseeninanimals,couldinfecthumansandcausedisease.Anditconfirmedgrowingdatathatvirusescouldcausecancerinhumans.

Some20yearslater“weknowmoreaboutHIVthanweknowaboutanymicrobeeverstudied.”saysRobertGallo,whoheadedtheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)teamthatcontributedtothediscoveryofHIVin1984.Butwestilldon’tunderstandexactlyhowtheviruscausesdisease.

HIVseemsfullofcontradictions,itcanoverwhelmthehumanimmunesystem,yetthevirusitselfisfragile.Coldviruseslingeronhands,andsometimesfordaysondoorknobs,butfreshairdriesanddestabilizesHIVinhoursorevenminutes.Contactwithrubbingalcoholchlorinatedwaterquicklyrendersitinactive.SimplebarsoapneutralizesHIVbybreakingthechemicalbondsofitslipids,orfats.Andbecausesofewcasesoforaltransmissionhavebeendocumented,doctorsconcludedthatthesameantiviralcompoundsinsalivaandstomachacidsthatprotectusfromahostofgermsproveveryeffectiveagainstHIVinlowconcentrations.

OnceapersonisinfectedwithHIV,however,thevirusattackstheveryimmunecells,calledTcells,meanttofightit.“Thinkabouttryingtoinvadeafortress,”saidGaryNabel,directorofNIH’sVaccinesResearchCenter.“Wouldyoustartbysettingoffagrenadeinfront?No.Youwouldsneakinquietly,penetratethenucleus,andsitthere.You’dcloneyourself.You’dmakelotsofcopies.Thenwhenanopportuneoccasioncamealong,whentherewasalotofcommotionandpeopleweredistracted,you’dsay,'Boom!HereIgo.’’’

“That’swhatHIVdoes，’’saysNabel.DuringaperiodoftypicallyeighttotenyearsHIVlurksinthebody,mutatingrapidlythatthusavoidingrecognition.Itreproducesmassively,andwaits.Finally,attheintroductionofadiseasethatanunimpairedimmunesystemwouldnormallycontrol—tuberculosisorpneumoniaforexample——theimmunesystemisovercomebyHIVsothatitcannotfightandthediseasekills.

1.“Sexworkers”inthetextmeans（

）.

2.What’sthemainfactortomakeAIDSspread?

3.ThetermAIDSwascreatedin（

）.

4.WhichstatementisTRUE?

5.WhatmakesHIVsosuccessfulfromitsperspective?

問題1選項

A.AIDSspecialists

B.Doctorsdealingwithsexdisease

C.drugusers

D.streetgirls

問題2選項

A.Usingdrugs

B.Thepoverty

C.Nomedicinetopreventinfection

D.RichnationsareofteninsensitivetoAIDS.

問題3選項

A.June1982

B.June1981

C.IntheyearwhenCDCPsoundedthefirstalarm

D.Inthe18thcentury

問題4選項

A.TheHIVvirusitselfisstrong.

B.Itishardtogetridofcoldvirusondoorknobs

C.SalivacouldmakeHIVinactive

D.SoapisnotusefulforustofightagainstHIV.

問題5選項

A.itstartedbysettingoffagrenadeinfront.

B.itcouldstayinthebodylessthan4hours

C.itwouldmovequicklyinthebody.

D.Itwouldenterthebodyquietly,gothroughthenucleusandstayedthere

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞匯題。題干詢問‘“性工作者”在文中是什么意思？’根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“prostitutes（knowntoHIV/AIDSspecialistsas“sexworkers”）妓女(艾滋病毒/艾滋病專家稱為“性工作者”)”，確定題目的sexworkers是用來解釋prostitutes“妓女”的，所以D選項“妓女”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘使得艾滋病傳播的主要因素是…？’根據(jù)文章第一段第二句中的“thatpoverty,morethananysinglefactor,drivesthespreadofAIDSbyforcingyoungpeopleintosexworkor,asinEasternEurope,leadingthemtothetrapofinjectingdrugs.貧窮,比任何單一因素,推動艾滋病的傳播通過迫使年輕人為性工作或,在東歐,導(dǎo)致他們的陷阱注射毒品；”，確定B選項“貧窮”是最主要的因素，符合文意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘艾滋病這一詞是什么吋候被創(chuàng)造的？’根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“…soundedthefirstalarminJune1981.1981年6月，……發(fā)出第一個警報時”和第二句“andayearlater,thetermAIDSwascoined.一年后,艾滋病這個術(shù)語被創(chuàng)造了。”確定A選項“1982年6月”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘下列哪一項陳述是正確的？’根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“HIVseemsfullofcontradictions，itcanoverwhelmthehumanimmunesystem,yetthevirusitselfisfragile.HIV艾滋病毒似乎充滿矛盾，它可以壓倒人類的免疫系統(tǒng)，但病毒本身是脆弱的?！贝_定A選項“H1V病毒自身很強(qiáng)”錯誤；根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“Coldviruseslingeronhands,andsometimesfordaysondoorknobs.感冒病毒會在手上停留，有時會在門把手上停留幾天，但新鮮空氣會在幾小時甚至幾分鐘內(nèi)使艾滋病毒變得干燥和不穩(wěn)定?！贝_定B選項“很難去除門把手上的感冒病毒”正確；根據(jù)文章第四段第三句“Contactwithrubbingalcoholchlorinatedwaterquicklyrendersitinactive.與外用酒精接觸，氯化水很快使其失去活性?！?，并沒有說唾液可以使它不活躍，所以C選項“唾液可以使得HIV病毒不活躍”錯誤；根據(jù)文章第四段第四句“SimplebarsoapneutralizesHIVbybreakingthechemicalbondsofitslipids,orfats.簡單的肥皂通過破壞其脂質(zhì)或脂肪的化學(xué)鍵來中和艾滋病毒?！贝_定D選項“肥皂對我們對抗HIV病毒沒有作用”錯誤，所以B選項為正確答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘從H1V病毒本身來看是什么使得它如此成功的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第三句“Wouldyoustartbysettingoffagrenadeinfront?No.Youwouldsneakinquietly,penetratethenucleus,andsitthere.“你能先在前面放一枚手榴彈嗎?”不。你會悄悄地溜進(jìn)去，穿透細(xì)胞核，然后坐在那里?！?，確定D選項“它安靜地進(jìn)入人的身體，進(jìn)入到細(xì)胞核里而并停留在那里”正確。

21.單選題

（）newsandcurrentaffairs，Ihardlywatchanytelevision.

問題1選項

A.Asidefrom

B.Regardlessof

C.Inthefaceof

D.Sofaras

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。asidefrom“除……以外”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”；inthefaceof“面對”；sofaras“只要；就……而言”。句意：除了看看新聞和時政，我?guī)缀醪豢措娨?。選項A符合題意。

22.單選題

Therainlookedasifithad（）forthenight.

問題1選項

A.setoff

B.setup

C.setout

D.setin

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。setoff“出發(fā)，動身”；setup“豎立，建造”；setout“出發(fā)，開始”；setin“開始，到來，流行”。句意：這雨好像從晚上就開始了。選項D符合題意。

23.單選題

26-30

問題1選項

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

問題2選項

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

問題3選項

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

問題4選項

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

問題5選項

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(腦積水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文圍繞“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易發(fā)生異?！闭归_，A選項“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故選A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三種缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母親的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是針對母親本人而言的，故選D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界衛(wèi)生組織將約4億人歸為肥胖，故選C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了減重手術(shù)的懷孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk，whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】將來的研究焦點(diǎn)可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”，theseproblems指先天缺陷。

24.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】據(jù)上周二發(fā)布的一份報告顯示，盡管煙霧彌漫，但基于“軟環(huán)境”，北京仍然是畢業(yè)生求職者的首選。由于中國的社會環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣和國際化的氛圍，中國首都是求職的首選。盡管大城市仍然是畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的首選，但在過去的三年里，越來越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到地級市，甚至更小的城市工作。

25.單選題

Whenthecommittee（

）todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.

問題1選項

A.gotdown

B.setabout

C.wentoff

D.cameup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組getdowndosth./doingsth.“開始認(rèn)真注意（或?qū)Υ┠呈隆?。句意：?dāng)委員會著手討論所提出的計劃的細(xì)節(jié)時，發(fā)現(xiàn)該計劃似乎并不實(shí)際。結(jié)合句意可知A選項正確。

26.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtoward“directed”or“programmed”research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand.

Atthebeginningofthecentury,however,thesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense;thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemost,assistedbyoneortwotechnicians.Nevertheless,thescientist,oftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitablerooms,wasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationheliked,sincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform.

Asthecenturydeveloped,theincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossible,inmanycases,fortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdata,techniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Theincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.Owingtothelargesumofmoneyinvolved,itwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.This,then,wasprogrammed(programmatic)research.

Oneoftheeffectsofthisorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearch(development),especiallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustryandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlong-rangeinvestigations.

Inconsequence,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsfromthepuretotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailable,frequentlymorehighly-paidandwithbettertechnicalfacilitiesthanjobsconnectedwithpureresearchinauniversity.

Owingtotheinterdependencebetweenpureandappliedscience,itiseasytoseethatthissystem,ifextendedtoofar,carriesconsiderabledangersforthefutureofscience—notonlypurescience,butappliedscienceaswell.

【答案】現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的一個最新現(xiàn)象是:科學(xué)研究越來越朝著“有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的”或“有計劃的”趨勢發(fā)展，也就是說，研究的范圍和目標(biāo)是由私營機(jī)構(gòu)或政府機(jī)構(gòu)，而不是由研究人員自己事先決定的。

隨著本世紀(jì)時間的推移，有待解決的問題的重要性與日俱增，其復(fù)雜性日趨深化。這就使單個的科學(xué)家在許多情況下無法處理進(jìn)行精確而又高效研究所需要的大量新資料、新技術(shù)和新設(shè)備。

因此，科學(xué)家不斷從純科學(xué)領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)移到應(yīng)用科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，因為這一領(lǐng)域有更多的工作機(jī)會。同大學(xué)里的純理論研究工作相比，這些工作的待遇往往更優(yōu)厚，技術(shù)設(shè)施也更好。

27.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（祌經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”，heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchsteinsfrom（）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”（Line3,Para.

4）?

問題1選項

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問題2選項

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問題3選項

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問題4選項

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問題5選項

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlychoicethatpeopleareofferedwith.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:能可靠地識別物體的形狀,B:接近展現(xiàn)似人類的行為,C:它們在性能上與50年代的那些電腦沒有多大不同,D:仍然不能用人類語言與人類進(jìn)行交流,第一段指出:Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid(但是，如電腦一樣有用的它們，卻遠(yuǎn)不能取得任何絲毫類似這些早期對似人類行為的渴望。更談不上復(fù)雜程度如交談一樣的事情：最強(qiáng)大的電腦盡力才能可靠地識別物體的形狀，而這對一個10歲的小孩而言卻是最基本的任務(wù)),由此可知A及B不正確,C項文章并未提及,D項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence(科學(xué)家們稱，問題是人工智能一直都試圖去分開設(shè)最高級、最抽象的如語言和數(shù)學(xué)樣的思維，且用有邏輯的一步一步的程序去輔助它們。另一方面，人工智能一個新發(fā)展卻更關(guān)注自然想出智能的更迂回的方式),因此B項“相信人類智能不能用有邏輯的一步一步的程序去被復(fù)制”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第二段指出:AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence(人工智能的——一個新運(yùn)動，不同方向，注重自然產(chǎn)生智力的更迂回的方式),第三段指出:Imitatingthebrain’sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence(仿大腦的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是邁向正確方向的巨大一步，計算機(jī)科學(xué)家和生物物理學(xué)家邁克爾?康納德說，但它仍然漏掉了自然智能的一個重要方面),以及后面指出:他（康納德）稱‘人們傾向于將大腦看成似乎它是由顏色編碼的晶休管，但它不僅是一個聰明的交換器網(wǎng)絡(luò)。大腦細(xì)胞本身的內(nèi)部進(jìn)行著很多重要的事情’?？道绿貏e地認(rèn)為，大腦的很多能力來源于組成每個大腦細(xì)胞的單個分子的樣式識別能力。由此推測選C:研究出智力在自然中如何形成。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第三段指出:Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield(這些早期努力的結(jié)果是獨(dú)特的也是有希望的，雖然這項新的基于自然的人工智能運(yùn)動發(fā)展緩慢，但卻將無疑地走在這個領(lǐng)域的最前沿),由此可見作者對于人工智能新趨勢的態(tài)度是:認(rèn)為它在復(fù)制人類思維過程中是一個突破。

5.語義題。“theonlygameintown”出現(xiàn)在最后一段,前面一段指出:Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills(他（即康納徳）宣稱，制作人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法將是圍繞這種同樣的分子技能),由此可知“theonlygameintown”指代“制作人工智能電腦的唯一方式”,故選A。

28.單選題

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

問題1選項

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天都有人來參觀城堡的遺址。location“場所”；highland“高低”；site“遺址”；desert“沙漠”。根據(jù)句意，選項C符合題意。

29.單選題

Once（）,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownsandvillageswithelectricity.

問題1選項

A.itbeingcompleted

B.completed

C.completed

D.itcompletes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這座電站一建成竣工，就將向周圍城鄉(xiāng)供電。

語法題。考查非謂語動詞。逗號后面句子已經(jīng)完整，因此逗號前面是動詞的非謂語形式。整個句子主語是“thispowerstation”，因此其與待選的動詞之間是被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)once是做副詞吋，后面接過去分詞表被動，且因主語一致則省略