考研考博-英語-北京匯佳職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京匯佳職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項

A.nearly

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項nearly表示“差不多，幾乎”，B選項hardly表示“幾乎不，簡直不，剛剛”，C選項merely表示“僅僅，只不過，只是”，D選項barely表示“僅僅，勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不，貧乏的”。根據(jù)句意“這位病人的進(jìn)步讓人興奮”可知，病人可以不需要別人幫忙就能下床走路，空缺處單詞應(yīng)表示肯定。因此，只有A選項最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為A選項。

2.單選題

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

問題1選項

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lackof“沒有，缺乏；不足，不夠”，名詞短語；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，動詞短語。A選項be動詞+名詞短語作謂語，正確；B選項be動詞+動詞短語，錯誤；C選項lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D選項lackof名詞短語不能當(dāng)謂語。因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodernindustrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,wetendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecomeseriouslyill.Atsuchtimeswekeenlyappreciatetheancienttruththathealthisourmostpreciousasset,oneforwhichwemightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.

Becauseillhealthisuniversalproblem,affectingboththeindividualandsociety,thehumanresponsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityformaintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsownconceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,groups,statuses,androles:inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.

Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocialarrangementsfordealingwithsicknessarcveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:thesickandthehealer.Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyonreligiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:forexample,bonesmaybethrowntoestablishacause,songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodemindustrializedsocieties,ontheotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensofrolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,andhospitaladministrator,linkedwithvariousorganizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraphI?

2.Theword“authorize”inParagraph2means“（

）.

3.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas

（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievetheycanhavefairlygoodhealth.

B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.

C.Mostofusareawareofthefullvalueofhealth.

D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.

問題2選項

A.makewayfor

B.givepowerto

C.writeanorderfor

D.makeitpossiblefor

問題3選項

A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy

B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety

C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth

D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease

問題4選項

A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefellill.

B.inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpatientsbysinging.

C.Modemmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.

D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotriedtocurehim.

問題5選項

A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine

B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases

C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience

D.theroleofreligioninmedicine

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第一段，下列哪個描述是正確的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受傷讓我們痛苦一生，直到對身體的一些攻擊能讓我們死去”（Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlivesuntilfinallysonicattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend），選項B“人生有許多痛苦和磨難”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是……”。文章第二段提到某些人去決定誰生了病，以及決定這些病人被怎樣處理（authorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated），選項B“給……以權(quán)力”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第二段中，我們可以得知社會學(xué)家將藥品作為……”。文章第二段的最后一句“對于社會學(xué)家來說，醫(yī)學(xué)是關(guān)于維持健康和治療疾病的一種制度”（Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease），選項A“一種以治療疾病和維持人體健康為目的的體系”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段，下列不正確的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因為醫(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費多的現(xiàn)代社會機(jī)構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），所以選項C“現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)如此復(fù)雜，以至于社會學(xué)在其中不再有任何位置”與描述不符合，所以是答案。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章作者關(guān)心的是……”。文章第三段提到“正因為醫(yī)學(xué)現(xiàn)在是最普遍的、花費多的現(xiàn)代社會機(jī)構(gòu)之一，所以它已經(jīng)成為社會學(xué)家最感興趣的主題”（Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety），選項A“醫(yī)學(xué)的社會學(xué)方面”符合題意。

4.單選題

“I’dliketohavealookatyourcamerasbeforeIdecideonone.”“Wehaveseveral

models（

）.”

問題1選項

A.foryoutochoosefrom

B.forthechoiceofyours

C.foryourchoice

D.foryoutochoose

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式。不定式作定語修飾severalmodels，此處表示從中選擇，因此選A。

句意：“在我決定之前，我想先看看你的相機(jī)?！薄拔覀冇袔讉€款式供你選擇?！?/p>

5.單選題

Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.

問題1選項

A.suchastheynowtalk

B.liketheynowtalk

C.asmuchastheynowdo

D.astheynowdo

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級比較中，第一個as為副詞，第二個as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意：一種新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達(dá)自己的情感，也許有一天它能幫助計算機(jī)用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機(jī)器交流。

6.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

問題1選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題2選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題3選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題4選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:F

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionC，“l(fā)andclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation”，用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地開荒是森林砍伐的最大原因?？膳袛喑隹赡茉斐砷_發(fā)森林的農(nóng)業(yè)活動是農(nóng)地開荒。選項G符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionC，“chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies”，化肥和殺蟲劑可能污染水源。可判斷出可能造成供水質(zhì)量下降的原因是化學(xué)物品的使用。選項C符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC，“moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion”，可判斷出更密集的耕作和休耕期的喪失往往會加劇土壤侵蝕。可判斷出密集的農(nóng)業(yè)活動可能會導(dǎo)致土壤侵蝕。選項F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionC，“thespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.”，隨著單一栽培和高產(chǎn)作物品種的推廣和使用，導(dǎo)致一些原來的糧食作物的消失，這可能為今后防治病蟲害提供了一些保障?？膳袛喑鰡我辉耘喾绞降氖褂每赡軐?dǎo)致一些舊的糧食作物品種的消失。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps（

）aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.

問題1選項

A.coach

B.forsake

C.foster

D.censor

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。foster“培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)”；coach“訓(xùn)練，指導(dǎo)”；forsake意為“遺棄，拋棄”;censor意為“審查，檢查”。句意：最重要的是，這樣的經(jīng)歷能促使人們對其他文化的感受性，并使他們更欣賞自己的文化。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Cananovelistremain______totheproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives?

問題1選項

A.impartial

B.indifferent

C.careless

D.detached

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項impartial“公正的，沒有偏見的”，B項indifferent“冷漠的，漠不關(guān)心的”，C項careless“粗心的，無憂無慮的”，D項detached“分離的，分開的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞novelist“小說家”和theproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives“自己所生活的世界的問題”可知，A項符合語境。句意：小說家能對他所處世界上的問題不偏不倚嗎？因此，該題選擇A項正確。

9.單選題

The（）stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

問題1選項

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。diagram“圖表，圖解”；label“標(biāo)簽”；signal“信號”；mark“標(biāo)志，記號”。句意：信封上貼的標(biāo)簽寫著“航空信件”。B項符合題意。

10.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問題1選項

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根據(jù);intermsof就...而言,關(guān)于;infavorof支持,贊同;inhonorof為慶祝,向...致敬。句意：圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個神圣的日子,通常在12月25日慶祝耶穌基督的誕生。選項D符合句意。

11.單選題

Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinsystemofnaming.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstood,thanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity(神性)andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata(階層),becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedom,andabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild(行會).Thelawyer,thephysician,themanofscience,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.

16.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthepassageisto_____.

17.Whentheauthorreferstoprofessionsasnolongerbeing“closedguilds”,hemeansthat_____.

18.Iftheauthorofthepassagewishedtostudyanewfield,hewouldprobably_____.

19.Thewriterofthisarticlewasprobablya_____.

20.Itseemsthatthepassageimpliesthat_____.

問題1選項

A.describeaphenomenon

B.argueabelief

C.proposeasolution

D.stimulateaction

問題2選項

A.itismucheasiertobecomeaprofessionaltodaythanitwasinthepast

B.thereismoresocialintercoursebetweenprofessionalsandothers

C.popularsciencehastoldtheirsecretstotheworld

D.anyonecannowunderstandanythinginaprofession

問題3選項

A.callinadictionaryexpert

B.looktothehistoriesofthewordsinthenewfield

C.paycarefulattentiontothenewfield’stechnicalvocabulary

D.learnhowtocoinnewjargoninthefield

問題4選項

A.linguist

B.scientist

C.politician

D.physician

問題5選項

A.theEnglishlanguageisalwaysbecominglargerandlarger

B.thewordsoftheEnglishlanguagearealwayschanging

C.onecanneverbesureofwhatawordmeanswithoutconsultinganexpert

D.technicaltermsinmostnon-scientificfieldshavelittlechanceofbecomingpartofthemainbodyofthelanguageinthesescientificdays

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】16.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步定位到首尾兩段中心句，第一段第一句話Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary...（每一種職業(yè)或行業(yè)，每一種藝術(shù)，每一門科學(xué)都有自己的技術(shù)詞匯……）第二段的第一句話Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.（然而，不同的職業(yè)，其特殊詞匯的特點有很大的不同）從這兩句可知文章是在描述一種現(xiàn)象，所以答案選A選項“描述一個現(xiàn)象”。

B選項“討論一種信仰”，文章沒有提到信仰，這里屬于無中生有。

C選項“提出建議”，文章沒有拋出問題更沒有提出解決方案，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項“刺激作用”，文章沒有說要采取行動，這里屬于無中生有。

17.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)信息，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第六句Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.（大多數(shù)新造的詞僅限于特殊的討論，很少涉及一般文學(xué)或談話。然而，現(xiàn)在沒有職業(yè)像所有職業(yè)曾經(jīng)那樣是一個封閉的行會），從這可以看出現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)環(huán)境與以前有了很大的改變；第二步尋找上下文線索，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句Thelawyer,thephysician,themanofscience,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.（律師、醫(yī)生、科學(xué)家和神職人員都可以自由地與他的同伴交往，而不僅僅是以職業(yè)的方式與他們打交道），從這里可知以前職業(yè)的交流是在一個封閉的小圈子，而現(xiàn)在圈子被打破了，人們不再只是職業(yè)往來，還有平時社交也有增強(qiáng)，所以答案選B選項“專業(yè)人士和其他人之間有更多的社會交往”。

A選項“現(xiàn)在成為一名專業(yè)人士比過去容易得多”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“大眾科學(xué)已經(jīng)把它們的秘密告訴了世界”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項“任何人現(xiàn)在都能理解職業(yè)中的任何事情”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，聯(lián)系上下文，作者寫這篇文章是向讀者介紹專業(yè)術(shù)語的存在、使用、演變，并揭示其必然性和重要性，因此，如果他去研究某一新領(lǐng)域時，他一定會想到這個領(lǐng)域中的專業(yè)術(shù)語是什么，有何意義，以便于自己的研究，由此，可以推斷出，他會注意專業(yè)術(shù)語，故C選項“仔細(xì)注意新領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)詞匯”正確。

A選項“請一位詞典專家來”，定位到文章第二段第六句話Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.（然而，即使對受過教育的人來說，每一種職業(yè)仍然擁有大量本質(zhì)上是陌生的專業(yè)術(shù)語），從這里可知即使是專家也還是會有大量詞匯不認(rèn)識，所以靠專家來幫助不是很靠譜。

B選項“在新領(lǐng)域中查看單詞的歷史”，這里文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項“學(xué)習(xí)如何在這個領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造新的行話”，定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.（此外，它們節(jié)省時間，因為命名一個過程比描述它要經(jīng)濟(jì)得多），這里只是講述行話的好處，人們剛開始學(xué)習(xí)不會是從學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造術(shù)語開始的。

19.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】第一步，尋找上下文線索，定位到文章第一段第一句Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary...（每一種職業(yè)或行業(yè)，每一種藝術(shù)，每一門科學(xué)都有自己的技術(shù)詞匯……）和第二段的第一句話Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.（然而，不同的職業(yè)，其特殊詞匯的特點有很大的不同），這是兩段的中心句，中心句的內(nèi)容都是在講職業(yè)里面的特殊詞匯，根據(jù)這里可以推測作者是個語言學(xué)家。

B選項，文章沒有線索證明，這里屬于無中生有。

C選項，文章沒有線索證明，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項，文章沒有線索證明，這里屬于無中生有。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第一二句Anyimportantexperiment…isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit…Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace（任何重要的實驗……都會立即在報紙上報道，很快人人都在談?wù)撍虼?，我們的日常用語總是使用新的技術(shù)術(shù)語，使它們變得司空見慣）由此可知，人們造詞之后會使用起來，英語的詞匯也就變得越來越多了，所以答案選A選項“英語總是變得越來越多”。

B選項“英語的單詞總是在變化的”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第七句話Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedom,andabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn（在這里，人們以最大的自由創(chuàng)造出新的術(shù)語，而當(dāng)它們完成了自己的使命時，卻被漠不關(guān)心地拋棄了），雖然會有新的詞匯會產(chǎn)生，但是文章沒有提單詞產(chǎn)生了變化，這里屬于無中生有。

C選項“沒有咨詢專家，一個人永遠(yuǎn)不能確定一個詞的意思”，文章沒有表達(dá)出每個人都需要語言專家，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項“在科學(xué)時代，大多數(shù)非科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)術(shù)語很少有機(jī)會成為語言主體的一部分”，文章沒有提及語言主體，這里屬于無中生有。

12.單選題

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Possum’sUniversalRobots”.(Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrugery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMyriainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsarealityTheirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2004,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005InAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating（）.

2.Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT（）.

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner（）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten（）.

問題1選項

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobots

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilms

D.Theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

問題2選項

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

問題3選項

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeman

問題4選項

A.in2004

B.in2005

C.between2003and2004

D.between2004and2005

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.1.在第1段中，作者通過引用______來介紹他的主題。

A.theideaofhumanoidrobotsA.人形機(jī)器人的想法

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobotsB.卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機(jī)器人

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilmsC.好萊塢制作的機(jī)器人電影

D.theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobotsD.關(guān)于機(jī)器人的電影的起源和流行

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“類人機(jī)器人的想法并不新鮮。自從捷克作家卡爾?恰佩克在他1921年的戲劇《博森的全能機(jī)器人》中首次構(gòu)想出機(jī)器人以來，它們就一直是想象圖景的一部分。從那以后，好萊塢就這個主題制作了無數(shù)的變種，從弗里茨?朗的無聲杰作《大都會》中性感的FalseMyria，到《星球大戰(zhàn)》中冷酷的C3PO，再到《終結(jié)者》中冷酷的刺客。人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了我們的集體潛意識，為我們對未來的看法增添了色彩?！保瑥闹锌芍?，作者通過講述與機(jī)器人有關(guān)的電影來引入自己所要講述的話題，即人形機(jī)器人，且舉例的電影有明顯的時間線，從