考研考博-英語-寧波諾丁漢大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波諾丁漢大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theirsolutionwastoenrolltheirchildreninprivateschools,which,becausetheyreceivednotaxmoney,werefreetooperatewithoutbeingsubjecttoracial（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discrimination

B.segregation

C.controversy

D.apportionment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。discrimination“歧視”；segregation“隔離”；controversy“爭論”；apportionment“分派”。句意：他們的解決方法就是將他們的孩子送入私立學(xué)校，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇杖∪魏味惪?，并且沒有種族歧視。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

一本好書往往珍藏著一個人所能想到的最美妙的東西，因此，好書就是一座座收藏著美好話語和崇高思想的寶庫。這些珍藏的話語和思想會隨時(shí)隨地陪伴并撫慰我們。

書中自有顏如玉，書中自有黃金屋。讀書是賞心悅目，陶冶情操；讀書是走進(jìn)先哲，聆聽教誨；讀書是體驗(yàn)鳥語，感受花香。書能引導(dǎo)我們進(jìn)入最優(yōu)秀的社會群體，將我們帶到有史以來最偉大的思想家面前。在書中我們能夠與先賢們博古爍今，能夠與文人騷客煮酒論歌，能夠從無數(shù)正反面的故事中，吸取教訓(xùn)，增長見識。

開卷有益，這是自古以來人們的共識。每一個人要想在知識的山峰上登得越高，眼前展現(xiàn)的景色越壯闊，就要多讀書。讀書是開闊視野，獲取淵博知識的最佳途徑。讓我們都來讀書吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

3.單選題

Beneaththerhetoricaboutwhoispracticingapurerformofthesportisanastybattleoverwhowilldominateaccesstotherocks——aficionadosof“sport”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creators

B.enthusiasts

C.organizers

D.advocators

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)creators“創(chuàng)作者，造物主”；B選項(xiàng)enthusiasts“熱心人，熱衷者，狂熱者”；C選項(xiàng)organizers“主辦單位，舉辦方，舉辦者”；D選項(xiàng)advocator“提倡者，擁護(hù)者”。句意：在關(guān)于誰在練習(xí)一種更純粹的運(yùn)動形式的言辭背后，是一場關(guān)于誰將主導(dǎo)進(jìn)入巖石運(yùn)動的惡戰(zhàn)——“體育”的狂熱者。Aficionados“迷，狂熱愛好者”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

MarciaandBillwere（

）ofthepresident'sscholarshipforfinearts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creators

B.donors

C.recipients

D.instigators

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。creator“創(chuàng)造者，創(chuàng)建者”；donor“捐贈者”；recipient“接受者”；instigator“煽動者，教唆者”。句意：Marcia和Bill是美術(shù)領(lǐng)域的總統(tǒng)獎學(xué)金的接受者。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

5.單選題

Anewtechnologicalprocessmaybeemployedtotapthisabundantsupplydirectly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploit

B.search

C.produce

D.reserve

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.exploit開采B.search搜索

C.produce生產(chǎn)D.reserve預(yù)訂；儲備

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】tap的主語是一種新工藝，賓語是這一豐富的資源，原詞tap“利用，開發(fā)，發(fā)掘”，A選項(xiàng)exploit“開采”與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)search“搜索”，與原詞詞義不相近；

C選項(xiàng)produce“生產(chǎn)”，不符合原文語義邏輯，生產(chǎn)的賓語一般是產(chǎn)品，而原文的賓語屬于原料；

D選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)訂；儲備”，與原詞詞義不相近。

【句意】也許可以采用一種新工藝直接開發(fā)這一豐富的資源。

6.單選題

Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.monopoly

C.business

D.belongings

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指政府壟斷，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

7.問答題

Identityisabouthowwedefinewhoweare.Literally,bothidentityandtheselfmean“thesameas”.Inculturaltheoryidentityisusedtodescribetheconsciousnessofselffoundinthemodernindividual.Themodernselfisunderstoodtobeautonomousandself-critical.TheGermanphilosopherG.W.F.Hegelsawindividualism,therighttocriticismandautonomyofactionasthethreemaincharacteristicsofmodernsubjectivity.Thisself-reflexiveaspectofidentitymeansthat,inthemodernage,identityisunderstoodtobeaproject.Itisnotfixed.Theautobiographicalthinkingthatcharacterizesmodernidentitycreatesacoherentsenseofapastidentity,butthatidentityhastobesustainedinthepresentandremadeinthefuture.Theconstantremakingofidentityrevealsthatthesenseofselfistosomeextentanillusion,becausethemakingoftheselfrequiresaconstantinteractionwiththenot-selfornon-identity:theexternalworld.

InmodemWesternsocieties,certainidentitieshavebeenprivilegedoverothers.Menhavebeenprivilegedoverwomen.WhiteEuropeanshavebeenprivilegedovernon-whites.Certainmodesofsexualbehaviorhavedefinednormalagainstdeviantsexualidentities.“Identitypolitics”isthetermusedtodescribetheemergenceintothepoliticalarenaofidentitiesotherthanthoseofwhite,European,heterosexualmen.TheassertionofalternativeidentitieshasfollowedanumberofdifferentstrategieswhichJonathanDollimoredividesintofourtypesof“reversediscourses”:(1)theassertionofapositiveidentityasnormalandnaturalasthedominant“norm”;(2)theassertionofanegativeidentity,whichisabnormal,butcanbeexplainedandassimilatedbyrecoursetolegitimating(forexample,medicalorscientific)discourses;(3)theassertionofadifferentidentityasmorenaturalandnormalthanthedominantnorm;(4)thestrategyoftransgression,wheretheverycategoriesthatdefinewhatisnormalandabnormalaresubverted.Thefirstofthesefourcanbedescribedasessentialiststrategies.Theyassertoppositionalidentityasessentiallyunchangeable.Anexamplewouldbetheculturalmovementknownas“negritude”whichemergedattheendoftheFrenchEmpire.Oneofitsleadingproponents,LeopoldSenghorarguedthatAfricancultureis“moresensitivetotheexternalworld,tothematerialaspectofbeingsandthings”.However,theresultofsuchstrategiesisoftenanti-essentialist.AnassertiveAfricanculturewillinfactchangethenatureofbothAfricanandEuropeanidentities.Thefourthreversediscourseisexplicitlyanti-essentialist.Identityisunderstoodtobeperformative,notbasedonanyessentialcharacteristics,butratherisaperformancebasedonculturalexpectations.Dollimore’sexampleofananti-essentialistidentityisOscarWilde,whofamouslyarguedfortheprimacyofcultureinhisstatementthat“l(fā)ifeimitatesart”.

Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinidentitypoliticsemergingfromthisinsighthasbeenqueerpolitics.Thishasdevelopedfromlesbianandgaypolitics;butqueerpoliticsresiststhedivisionofsexualityintoabinaryoppositionofessentialisthomosexualorheterosexualidentities.Instead,JudithButlerarguesthatidentitiesaretheproductsofthediscoursesthatdefinesexuality.Weperformmasculinityorfemininity,homosexualityorheterosexualityaccordingtoascriptalreadywrittenastheculturalconventionsofoursociety.Inthisview,identitiesareculturalconstructionsratherthanpre-set.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythat“inthemodernage,identityisunderstoodtobeaproject”inParagraph1?

3.Inwhoseinterestsistheterm“identitypolitics”putforwardinParagraph2?

4.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofOscarWildeinParagraph2?

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

【答案】1.Thepassageisabout(thedefinitionof)identity.

2.Becausethepastidentityhastobesustainedinthepresentandremadeinthefuture.

3.PeoplewhoarenotprivilegedinmodernWesternsociety.

4.Becausehearguedfortheprimacyofcultureinhisstatement,whichsubvertedtheverycategoriesthatdefinewhatisnormalandabnormal.

5.Thefollowingparagraphwilldiscusstheinfluencesonidentitiesthatsocialculturebrings.

8.單選題

TheCIAchiefnotedlastmonth,“TherearealotofthingsthatIrandoesthattendsto（）terrorism,andtheystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fasten

B.flatter

C.fascinate

D.facilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fasten表示“使固定，集中于”；B選項(xiàng)flatter表示“奉承，諂媚”；C選項(xiàng)fascinate表示“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；D選項(xiàng)facilitate表示“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”。

由后文提到的“theystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld”可知，Iran仍然是世界上支持恐怖主義的主要國家，所以他們做了很多事幫助恐怖主義，為他們提供便利。因此，facilitate含義更符合句意，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Thesnow（）myplantovisitmyauntinthecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confused

B.bewildered

C.conversed

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confused“使混亂；使困惑（語氣較弱，指由于混淆、混亂而糊涂）”；B選項(xiàng)bewildered“使困惑（語氣強(qiáng)烈，指因迷不解或驚愕而慌亂，不知所措，無法清醒地思考）”；C選項(xiàng)conversed“交談，談話；認(rèn)識”；D選項(xiàng)hampered“妨礙；束縛；使困累”。句意：這場雪妨礙了我去鄉(xiāng)下看望姑媽的計(jì)劃。本句表示“下雪的這件事阻礙了我的計(jì)劃”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時(shí)期的西方哲學(xué)家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時(shí)起，藝術(shù)哲學(xué)變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)plant“種植，栽培”；B選項(xiàng)supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項(xiàng)transplant“移植”；D選項(xiàng)replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學(xué)取代自然哲學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)marking“標(biāo)記的”；B選項(xiàng)remarking“評論”；C選項(xiàng)marked“顯著的”；D選項(xiàng)remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學(xué)的各種核心問題對20世紀(jì)的美學(xué)方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項(xiàng)Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項(xiàng)Forethoughtful“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項(xiàng)Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個并列句，and后面實(shí)際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查語法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)whereas“然而”；B選項(xiàng)wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項(xiàng)whereon“在那上面”；D選項(xiàng)wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實(shí)現(xiàn)某些公認(rèn)的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價(jià)值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個單詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動詞的-ing形式。選項(xiàng)C正確，選項(xiàng)D是完成時(shí)態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。

13.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項(xiàng)divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項(xiàng)dividual“分開的，獨(dú)特的”。句意：當(dāng)代美學(xué)關(guān)注的問題包括風(fēng)格的本質(zhì)及其美學(xué)意義等多方面的問題。選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

14.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；C選項(xiàng)relief“救濟(jì)，減輕，解除”；D選項(xiàng)relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當(dāng)”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學(xué)和其他形式的心理學(xué)研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

15.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”；B選項(xiàng)reasonableness“合理，妥當(dāng)”；C選項(xiàng)reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項(xiàng)reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實(shí)踐推理中的地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

11.單選題

Iwoulddoanythingforherexcept（）whatshecooks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toeat

B.eat

C.eating

D.eaten

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞的形式。句意：我可以為她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的飯。Except在這里表示并列關(guān)系，前面是woulddo，后面同樣也是用動詞原形，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

Withoutthefrictionbetweenthefeetandtheground,peoplewould（

）beabletowalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innotime

B.byallmeans

C.innoway

D.onanyaccount

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。innotime立即，馬上；byallmeans無論如何；innoway決不；onanyaccount無論如何。句意：如果腳和地面之間沒有摩擦，那么人類不可能會走路。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

13.單選題

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.結(jié)合第二封信，我們可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.審稿人1

B.Referee2B.審稿人2

C.EditorC.編輯

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和討論部分，相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn)似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信對referee2的描述“討論的重點(diǎn)不明確，也沒有包括一些重要的相關(guān)出版物（relevantpublications）”，我們可以推測出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根據(jù)第一封信，提交的論文會被接受嗎？

A.No.A.不會。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不會，建議作者向其他雜志投稿。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建議拒絕這篇論文（rejected），但相信經(jīng)過大量修改后，它可能適合您的期刊”，可知，提交的論文會被拒絕，而且需要大量修改。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)中“建議作者向其他雜志投稿”沒提到，屬于無中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.兩位審稿人都同意論文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的問題

B.well-writtenB.寫的很好

C.overlydelicateC.過于精細(xì)

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很關(guān)注

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo中兩位referee對方法部分的描述，referee1認(rèn)為“方法部分沒有提供足夠的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2認(rèn)為“方法部分有不足之處（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；綜合理解可知，兩位審稿人都認(rèn)為論文方法部分信息不足，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.與審稿人1不同的是，審稿人2也在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些要點(diǎn)，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來支持強(qiáng)烈的正相關(guān)”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“闡述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更關(guān)注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“強(qiáng)調(diào)其在非西方國家的開拓性”

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位LetterTwo中對referee2的描述，根據(jù)最后一句“你論文中的工作實(shí)際上是第一個在歐洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同類研究，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，審稿人2認(rèn)為應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)論文中的研究實(shí)際上是除歐洲和北美之外的關(guān)于這方面的第一個研究，D項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的論文將______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一輪同行評審

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.還可能受到額外的審稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中沒有提到

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要額外的審稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改論文后可能還有其他的審稿程序，C項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“同行評審”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾，文中提到了這一點(diǎn)。

14.單選題

Thetreatywillbethe（

）oflastingpeace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.enclosure

C.tribute

D.threshold

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。potential意為“可能性，潛在性”；enclosure意為“圈地，圍場，附件”；tribute意為“致敬，悼念”；threshold意為“門檻，入口，開始”。

句意：這個條約將是持久和平的開端。

15.單選題

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：engage“吸引，使參加，，雇傭，從事（后接其他成分需要用介詞in）”；選項(xiàng)B：devote“（一般接to引出對象）致力于，奉獻(xiàn)”;選項(xiàng)C：register“顯示，登記，注冊”；選項(xiàng)D：pursue“追趕，從事（可直接跟從事的對象），繼續(xù)”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合題意，選項(xiàng)D正確。句意：在過去，大部分的林務(wù)員都是男性，但現(xiàn)如今這個領(lǐng)域的女性工作人員數(shù)量越來越多。

16.單選題

Stanleywas（）bywhatIhadsaidandwhenIrealizedthis,Iapologizedtohimforbeingsotactless.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.frustrated

C.resented

D.offended

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Wound“傷害，使受傷”；frustrate“挫敗，阻撓”；resent“怨恨，憤恨”；offend“冒犯”。句意：斯坦利對我的話感到了被冒犯，當(dāng)我意識到這一點(diǎn)，我為我的不得體向他道歉。

17.單選題

ThewidespreadadoptionoftheInternetandtheWebmakesitpossibletoadministerquestionnairesurveyselectronically,potentiallyachievingmuchgreatercost-effectivenessandpermittingtheintegrationofdatafrommanyresources.Atthesametime,therearesignificanttechnicalchallengesthatmustbemet,especiallyintheareasoflogisticsandsampling.Recognizingtheneedforinnovationinthisandrelatedareas,theNSFMethodology,Measurement,andStatisticsProgram,incollaborationwithaconsortiumoffederalstatisticalagenciesrepresentedbytheInteragencyCouncilofStatisticalPolicyandtheFederalCommitteeonStatisticalMethodology,hasheldaspecialcompetitiononsurveyresearchmethods.Includedamongthetopicareasinthecompetitionannouncementis"secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingsurveydataviatheWeb".

Today'sleadingsocialscientificsurveysareveryexpensiveinterviewstudiesofnationalsamples.Forexample,theGSSadministersa90-minuteface-to-faceinterviewto1500Americanadultsatacostofabout$500perinterview.However,therespondentsarenotatruerandomsamplebecausecostconsiderationswithrespecttotheinterviewer'stravelrequirethatrespondentsberecruitedinalimitednumberofgeographicclusters,andthereisnolistofresidentsfromwhicharandomsamplecouldbedrawn.Thesmallnumberofgeographicareassurveyedlimitsscientists'abilitytolinkGSSdatatoothergeographicallybaseddatasuchastheU.S.census.BecauseofthehighcostandthemanyresearchcommunitiesthatseektimeintheGSS,itisimpossibletoincludemorethanahandfulofquestiononanyparticulartopic.ThispreventstheGSSfromemployingmuchofthebestmethodologyofmeasurementscaleconstruction,whichrequiresinclusionofalargenumberofitems.SurveysliketheGSSwillbeneededinfuturedecadestochartthechangingsocial,economic,andpoliticalconditionsoftheAmericanpublic.Butmanytypesofsocialsciencewilladvancemorerapidlythroughsurveysadministeredovertheweb.

Web-basedsurveyscanreachverylargenumbersofrespondentsatlowcost.Theywillbegeographicallydispersedsothattheirdatacanbe,linkedtothecensus,tolocaleconomicinformation,andtodatafromotherweb-basedsurveys.Itmightnotbepossibletoholdtheintervieweesinterestforthefull90-minutequestionnaireoftheGSS,butshorterdurationsurveysadministeredtoverylargenumberofrespondentscaninaggregateinclude,farmoreitems,therebypermittingmuchfinermeasurementofscientificallyinterestingvariables.ThehighcostofmajornationalsurveysgenerallyhasrestrictedthetopicstudiedtothosethatespeciallyrequirehighlyrepresentativesamplessuchasfamilystructureandeconomicstatusinthePanelStudyofIncomeDynamicsandvotingbehaviorintheAmericanNationalElectionStudy,datafrombothofwhicharenowfreelyavailableovertheweb.Avastarrayofotherscientificresearchareas,therefore,havelanguishedfrommanyyearswithoutthelarge-scalesurveydatathatwouldpermitknowledgetoprogress.

1.AdministeringsurveysviatheWebwouldresultin（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout（）.

3.Whatmakestraditionalsurveysunscientificaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.TheauthorfirmlybelievesthatWeb-basedsurveyswill（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastsentencethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereductionofcostinvolvedindatacollection

B.secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingdata

C.moreconvincingconclusionsonthematersurveyed

D.allofabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencesbetweentheWeb-basedandtraditionalsurveys

B.theadvantagesortheWeb-basedsurveys

C.theweaknessofthetraditionalsurveys

D.thecostinvolvedinconductingtraditionalsurveys

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesamplingisnotmadestrictlyrandomly.

B.Theinterviewhastobeconductedface-to-face.

C.Improperquestionsareoftenincludedinasurvey.

D.Selectionofrespondentsisoftenamatterofpersonaldecision.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enhancetheeconomicstatusofanation

B.promotetheprogressofsocialsciences

C.changesocial,economicandpoliticalconditionsofthepublic

D.holdtheinterviewees’interestlongerthantraditionalsurveys

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.manyscientificareasstopmakingbreakthroughsforlackofeffectivedatacollection

B.scientific,researchstillmakesprogresswithoutlarge-scalesurveydatacollection

C.theprogressofknowledgedependsonachievementsmadebyallareasofsciencetogether

D.scientific,researchhasmadelittleprogressbeforethewidespreadadoptionoftheinternet

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段涉及到了A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)，achievingmuchgreatercost-effectiveness對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A，permittingtheintegrationofdatafrommanyresources，將許多資源整合到一起，從而使得這些資源的可信度更高，對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C，secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingsurveydataviatheWeb對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B。因此，這三個選項(xiàng)都應(yīng)該包含在內(nèi)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段主要是以GSS為例子來說明了傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)查方式的局限性。如，由于昂貴的采訪費(fèi)用，這類調(diào)查只能在某些特定的地方進(jìn)行，并且它所調(diào)查的對象也不是隨機(jī)選取的。所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到由于采訪所花費(fèi)的費(fèi)用不少，所以這類型的調(diào)查只能在特定的地區(qū)進(jìn)行。因?yàn)槿拥碾S機(jī)性不夠（therespondentsarenotatruerandomsample），取得的結(jié)果肯定也會有影響，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第二段最后一句話butmanytyp