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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京郵電大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Thereexistsomeproposals,likecreatingaseriesoflasersthatwouldsweepthetrashbackintoouratmosphere,whereitwouldmostlybumup.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.particles
B.garbage
C.dust
D.ashes
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.particles顆粒,微粒B.garbage垃圾;廢物
C.dust沙土,塵土;灰塵D.ashes灰燼
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】trash的意思為“廢物,垃圾”,這里指把垃圾掃到大氣層,garbage與之詞義相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。
【句意】有人提出了一些建議,比如制造一系列激光,把垃圾掃回來,掃到我們的大氣層,大部分垃圾在大氣層都會(huì)燃燒。
2.翻譯題
清潔的空氣對(duì)于健康是至關(guān)重要的。如果空氣中含有雜質(zhì),這些雜質(zhì)就有可能被我們的身體吸收,使人生病。我們需要清潔的空氣,但不幸的是,目前普遍存在著空氣污染,尤其是在城市里。城市里有許多食品廠、服裝廠和制造其他東西的工廠。每天這些工廠把千百萬噸的煙灰排放到空氣中。工廠產(chǎn)生的東西過一個(gè)時(shí)期就會(huì)損壞,然后就作為垃圾扔掉。我們燒掉許多垃圾,煙灰就增多了。還有工廠生產(chǎn)的汽車,一旦出廠在街上行駛,將會(huì)吸進(jìn)空氣,排出有毒氣體,并增加空氣中的煙塵。
世界上沒有任何一個(gè)地方可以徹底擺脫空氣污染,我們必須采取措施來控制空氣污染?,F(xiàn)在越來越多的人正在認(rèn)識(shí)到清潔空氣的重要性。學(xué)校開設(shè)了關(guān)于污染問題的課程。企業(yè)開始幫著凈化空氣,他們安裝了特別的設(shè)備來清除自己排放的煙霧??茖W(xué)家和發(fā)明家正在努力開發(fā)更清潔的汽車和火車引擎。
或許,人們?cè)诔鞘欣锬芎粑迈r空氣的日子終將到來。
【答案】【參考譯文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.
Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.
Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.
3.單選題
Librariesareaninvestmentforthefutureandshouldnotbeallowedtofallinto().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dissolution
B.decay
C.decline
D.depression
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissolution“分解,溶解”;B選項(xiàng)decay“衰退,衰減;衰?。桓癄€,腐朽”;C選項(xiàng)decline“下降;衰退;斜面”;D選項(xiàng)depression“沮喪;憂愁;抑郁癥;洼地;不景氣;低氣壓區(qū)”。題干大意說,圖書館是將來的一種投資,不允許(圖書館)掉入()。常識(shí)儲(chǔ)備:當(dāng)今社會(huì)我們并沒有注意圖書館的價(jià)值,現(xiàn)在的圖書館是冷冷清清,一副衰退、衰亡的景象。其實(shí)體現(xiàn)一個(gè)國家、民族的真正素質(zhì)就是看圖書館是否冷冷清清。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.問答題
Inmyview,suchamechanicalpredictionmissesthemark.Foronething,countriessometimesreacttotheriseofasinglepowerby"bandwagoning",muchasMussolinididwhenhedecidedtoallywithHitler.Proximitytoandperceptionsofthreatalsoaffectthewayinwhichcountriesreact.TheUnitedStatesbenefitsfromitsgeographicalseparationfromEuropeandAsiainthatitoftenappearsasalessproximatethreatthanneighboringcountriesinsidethoseregions.Indeed,in1945,theUnitesStateswasbyfarthestrongestnationonearth,andamechanicalapplicationofbalancingtheorywouldhavepredictedanallianceagainstit.Instead,EuropeandJapanalliedwiththeAmericansbecausetheSovietUnion,whileweakerinoverallpower,posedagreatermilitarythreatbecauseofitsgeographicalproximityanditslingeringrevolutionaryambitions.Today,IraqandIranbothdisliketheUnitedStatesandmightbeexpectedtoworktogethertobalanceAmericanpowerinthePersianGulf,buttheyworryevenmoreabouteachother.Nationalismcanalsocomplicatepredictions.Forexample,ifNorthKoreaandSouthKoreaarereunited,theyshouldhaveastrongincentivetomaintainanalliancewithadistantpowersuchastheUnitedStatesinordertobalancetheirtwogiantneighbors,ChinaandJapan.ButintensenationalismresultinginoppositiontoanAmericanpresencecouldchangethisifAmericandiplomacyisheavy-headed.Non-stateactorscanalsohaveaneffect,aswitnessedbythewaycooperationagainstterroristschangedsomestates'behaviorafterSeptember2001.
Agoodcasecanbemadethatinequalityofpowercanbeasourceofpeaceandstability.Nomatterhowpowerismeasured,sometheoristsargue,anequaldistributionofpoweramongmajorstateshasbeenrelativelyrareinhistory,andeffortstomaintainabalancehaveoftenledtowar.Ontheotherhand,inequalityofpowerhasoftenledtopeaceandstabilitybecausetherewaslittlepointindeclaringwaronadominantstate.ThepoliticalscientistRobertGilpinhasarguedthat"PaxBritannicaandPaxAmericana,likethePaxRonuina,ensuredaninternationalsystemofrelativepeaceandsecurity."AndtheeconomistCharlesKindlebergerclaimedthat"fortheworldeconomytobestabilized,therehastobeastabilizer,onestabilizer."Globalgovernancerequiresalargestatetotakethelead.Buthowmuchandwhatkindofinequalityofpowerisnecessary-ortolerable-andforhowlong?Iftheleadingcountrydefinesitsinterestsnarrowlyandusesitsweightarrogantly,itincreasestheincentivesforotherstocoordinatetoescapeitshegemony.
SomecountrieschafeundertheweightofAmericanpowermorethanothers.HegemonyissometimesusedasatermofopprobriumbypoliticalleadersincountriessuchasRussia.ThetermisusedlessoftenorlessnegativelyincountrieswhereAmericansoftpowerisstrong.Ifhegemonymeansbeingabletodictate,oratleastdominate,therulesandarrangementsbywhichinternationalrelationsareconducted,thentheUnitedStatesishardlyahegemonytoday.ItdoeshaveapredominantvoiceandvoteintheIMF,butitcannotalonechoosethedirector.IthasnotbeenabletoprevailoverEuropeandJapanintheWTO.ItopposedtheLandMinesTreatybutcouldnotpreventitfromcomingintoexistence.
1.Accordingtothispassage,whatdoesthe“mechanicalprediction”inthefirstsentencepredict?
2.Whatisthemeaningof“ifAmericandiplomacyisheavy-headed”?
3.Pleaselistallthefactorsthataffectthewaysinwhichcountries’reacttoastrongerpower.
4.WhatpointdoesRobertGilpintrytomakeinhisobservationquotedinparagraph2?
5.Whatshouldtheleadingcountrydotoensurethatothercountrieswouldworkwithit?
【答案】1.Amechanicalapplicationofbalancingtheorywouldhavepredictedanallianceagainstthestrongnation.
2.ItmeansthatAmericandiplomacyisdull.
3.Othercountries'reaction;proximitytoandperceptionsofthreat;nationalism;thediplomacyofthestrongpower;non-stateactors.
4.Inequalityofpowerhasoftenledtopeaceandstabilitybecausetherewaslittlepointindeclaringwaronadominantstate.
5.Theleadingcountryshoulddefenditslegitimateinterestsanduseitsleadingpowerjustly.
5.單選題
Recentsuccesseshave(
)thefactthatthecompanyisstillintrouble.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.distinguished
B.revised
C.obscured
D.dissected
【答案】C
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distinguish“區(qū)分”;revise“修改”;obscure“掩蓋,隱藏”;dissect“仔細(xì)分析”。句意:最近的成功掩蓋了公司還處在麻煩中的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
6.單選題
Iran’smoralitypoliceare______onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.puttingdown
B.breakingdown
C.crackingdown
D.lookingdown
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)puttingdown“放下;鎮(zhèn)壓(暴動(dòng),叛亂)”;B選項(xiàng)breakingdown“損壞;分解開”;C選項(xiàng)crackingdown“嚴(yán)加管制,打擊”;D選項(xiàng)lookingdown“往下看”。句意:伊朗道德警察正______芭比娃娃的銷售,避免他們視為有害的西方文化侵蝕伊斯蘭價(jià)值觀,以此保護(hù)公眾。根據(jù)語境,crackingdown“嚴(yán)加管制,打擊”搭配sale“銷售”比較合理,意指警察嚴(yán)格管制芭比娃娃的市場(chǎng)銷售,符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.However,iftheydidnotallappearatonce,thentherewouldalwaysbefundstopaythosewhowantedtheirmoneywhentheywantedit.Mrs.ElsieVaughthastoldusofaterrifyingbankrun(擠兌)thatsheexperienced.Oneday,inDecemberof1925severalbanksfailedtoopeninacitywhereshelived.Theotherbanksanticipatedarunthenextday,andsotheofficersofthebankinwhichMrs.Vaughtworkedasateller(出納員)hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply.Theofficerssimplyinstructedthetellerstopayondemand.Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.Thepowerofthepanicatmosphereisevidentinthefactthattwotellers,thoughtheyknewthatthebankwassoundandcouldpayoutalldepositors,neverthelesswithdrewthefundsintheirownaccounts.Mrs.Vaughtsaysthatshehaddifficultyrestrainingherselffromdoingthesame.
11.Abankrunoccurswhen______.
12.WhathappenedtosomeofthecustomersofthebankwhereMrs.Vaughtworked?
13.Theessentialcauseofarunonabankis______.
14.ThecrowdsgatheredinMrs.Vaught’sbankandonthesidewalkbecauseof______.
15.Accordingtothepassage,theactionsofthecustomersofMrs.Vaught’sbankwereinfluencedchieflyby______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.abankisclosedforoneormoreday
B.employeesofabanktaketheirownfundsoutofthebank
C.toomanydepositorsattempttodrawouttheirmoneyatonetime
D.thereappearlonglinesinfrontofthetellers’windows
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theylosttheirmoney.
B.Theygotinjured.
C.Theyhadtoleavepartoftheirmoneyinthebank.
D.Theywereforcedtoputtheirmoneyintootherbanks.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.lackofsufficientfunds
B.toomanydepositors
C.inefficienttellers
D.lossofconfidence
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.doubt
B.greed
C.anger
D.curiosity
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.thefailureofthebanktopayoffeveryone
B.thefailureofseveralbankstoopen
C.theactionsofthetwotellersinthebank
D.thedifficultywithwhichtheyobtaintheirmoney
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】11.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章前三句Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.(銀行通常不會(huì)準(zhǔn)備支付所有儲(chǔ)戶的款項(xiàng);它們依賴儲(chǔ)戶不會(huì)全部同時(shí)要求取款。如果儲(chǔ)戶擔(dān)心銀行無法支付所有存款人,那么這種擔(dān)心可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致所有儲(chǔ)戶在同一天出現(xiàn)來取款。如果他們這樣做了,銀行就不能支付所有的儲(chǔ)戶。),說明在所有儲(chǔ)戶同時(shí)來取款的時(shí)候,會(huì)發(fā)生銀行擠兌。因此C選項(xiàng)“有太多的儲(chǔ)戶試圖同時(shí)取款”正確。A選項(xiàng)“銀行停業(yè)一天或一天以上時(shí)”,B選項(xiàng)“銀行的員工將自己的存款從銀行取出來”,D選項(xiàng)“柜員窗口前出現(xiàn)了長長的隊(duì)伍”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
12.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三、四句Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.(人們開始推擠,然后爭(zhēng)奪靠近出納員窗口的位置。衣服被撕破,四肢被打斷,但擁堵仍持續(xù)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。),沃特夫人工作的銀行一些顧客因?yàn)橥妻軅?。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們受傷了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們的錢丟了”,C選項(xiàng)“他們不得不把一部分錢留在銀行里”,D選項(xiàng)“他們被迫把錢存入其他銀行”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
13.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二句Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.(如果儲(chǔ)戶擔(dān)心銀行無法支付所有存款人,那么這種擔(dān)心可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致所有儲(chǔ)戶在同一天出現(xiàn)來取款。),說明銀行擠兌本質(zhì)上是因?yàn)閮?chǔ)戶擔(dān)心銀行的支付能力,也就是對(duì)銀行失去了信心。因此D選項(xiàng)“失去信心”正確。A選項(xiàng)“缺乏足夠的資金”,由原文可知銀行有足夠的資金,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)戶太多”,C選項(xiàng)“柜員效率低下”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。
14.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第五、六句Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.(第二天早上,一群人聚集在銀行和外面的人行道上。隊(duì)伍的長度讓許多人相信,銀行不可能支付所有人的款項(xiàng)。),說明眾人聚集在銀行是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)銀行的支付能力有所懷疑。因此A選項(xiàng)“懷疑”正確。B選項(xiàng)“貪婪”,C選項(xiàng)“憤怒”,D選項(xiàng)“好奇”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
15.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由原文可知,因?yàn)閮?chǔ)戶擔(dān)心銀行的支付能力,害怕自己不能取出存款,所以才會(huì)做出在銀行聚集、擁堵推擠等行為。根源在于severalbanksfailedtoopen“幾家銀行倒閉”,導(dǎo)致所有人都在這家銀行排長隊(duì),進(jìn)而引起大家的恐慌,所以B選項(xiàng)“幾家銀行的倒閉”是主要原因。原文也說明thebanks…h(huán)adenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply,可知這家銀行是有支付能力的,也不存在取錢困難,所以A和D選項(xiàng)可排除;C選項(xiàng)“兩名出納的行為”其實(shí)源自于儲(chǔ)戶的行為,所以并不是儲(chǔ)戶行為的原因,也可以排除。
8.單選題
Lightislessvitaltoanimalsthanitistoplants;()mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.forinstance
B.indeed
C.thatis
D.therefore
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)forinstance“例如”;B選項(xiàng)indeed“的確;事實(shí)上;甚至”;C選項(xiàng)thatis“即;就是說;換言之”;D選項(xiàng)therefore“因此;所以”。句意:光對(duì)動(dòng)物的重要性不如對(duì)植物;事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)動(dòng)物傾向于回避光明,而不是歡迎它。空格后的內(nèi)容“mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit大多數(shù)動(dòng)物傾向于避開光明而不是歡迎它”是對(duì)空格前句子的進(jìn)一步說明,因此“事實(shí)上”符合語境,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Heseeshisstudentsstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,clichesandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thoughtless
B.ridiculous
C.puzzling
D.undesirable
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.thoughtless粗心大意的;欠考慮的B.ridiculous愚蠢的;荒謬的
C.puzzling令人迷惑的D.undesirable不受歡迎的
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】bewilder作動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示“使糊涂,使迷惑”,加上-ing則作形容詞,表示“令人糊涂的,令人迷惑的”,C項(xiàng)詞義與之相近,故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。
【句意】他看到他的學(xué)生在努力學(xué)習(xí),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)掌握的語言現(xiàn)在似乎包含了令人困惑的各種成語、陳詞濫調(diào)和在不同語境中具有不同含義的公認(rèn)短語。
10.單選題
Thosewhoare______ofallcommonsensewouldbeeasilytakeninbytricksthatarefrequentlyexposedbythewise.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.deprived
B.devoid
C.stripped
D.snatched
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)deprived“貧困的,窮苦的,嚴(yán)重匱乏的;(人)喪失的,被剝奪的”;B選項(xiàng)devoid“缺乏的;全無的”;C選項(xiàng)stripped“剝?nèi)サ摹?;D選項(xiàng)snatched“一把抓起;奪去;抓緊時(shí)間做;反敗為勝”。根據(jù)固定搭配bedevoidof“缺乏;沒有……的;毫無……的;沒有”可知句意為:那些缺乏常識(shí)的人很容易上當(dāng),而這些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
MyfatherhadreturnedfromhisbusinessvisittoLondonwhenIcamein,ratherlate,tosupper.Icouldtellatoncethatheandmymotherhadbeendiscussingsomething.Inthathalf-playful,half-seriouswayIknewsowell,hesaid,“HowwouldyouliketogotoEton?”
“Youbet,”Icriedquicklycatchingthejoke.Everyoneknewitwasthemostexpensive,themostfamousofschools.Youhadtobeenteredatbirth,ifnotbefore.Besides,evenat12or13,Iunderstoodmyfather.Hedislikedanyformofshowingoff.Healwaysknewhisproperstationinlife,whichwasinthemiddleofthemiddleclass,ourhousewassemi-detached;hehadshrunkfromjoiningthearistocraticRoyalLiverpoolGolfClubandapproachedasmalleroneinstead;thoughoncehehadacquiredasecond-handRolls-Royceataremarkablylowprice,hefeltembarrasseddrivingit,andquicklychangeditforanAustin1100.
Thiscouldonlybehisdelightfulwayoftellingmethatthewholeboardingschoolideawastobedropped.Alas!Ishouldalsohaverememberedthathehadalikingforbeingdifferentfromeveryoneelse,ifitdidnotconflictwithhisfearofdrawingattentiontohimself.
ItseemedthathehadhappenedtobetalkingtoGrahamBrownoftheLondonoffice,averynicefellow,andGrahamhadafriendwhohadjustenteredhisboyattheschool,andwhilehewasinthatpartoftheworldhethoughthemightjustaswellphonethem.Iremembermyeyesstingingandmyhandsshakingwiththeconfusionofmyfeelings.Therewasexcitement,attheheartofgreatsadness.
“Oh,hedoesn’twanttogoaway,”saidmymother,“Youshouldn’tgoonlikethis.”“It’suptohim,”saidmyfather.“Hecanmakeuphisownmind.”
1.IfafatherwantstosendhissontoEton,hehadbetterapplyforit____.
2.Thehousetheylivedinwas____.
3.HisfathersoldhisRolls-Roycebecause____.
4.Thewriter’sfatherenjoyedbeingdifferentaslongas____.
5.Whatwasthewriter’sreactiontotheideaofgoingtoboarding-school?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.assoonashissonisborn
B.whenhissonis12or13
C.evenbeforehissonisborn
D.onlyifhissonisclever
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thebesttheycouldafford
B.rightfortheirsocialposition
C.neartheGolfClub
D.rathersmall
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.itmadehimfeeluneasy
B.itwastoooldtobeefficient
C.itwastooexpensivetoown
D.heneededmoneythen
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.itenabledhimtoshowoff
B.itdidn’tinvolvehiminarguments
C.itwasunderstoodasajoke
D.therewasnodangerofhisshowingoff
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Hewasveryunhappy.
B.Hehadmixedfeelings.
C.Hewasdelighted.
D.Hedidn’tbelieveit.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
IfafatherwantstosendhissontoEton,hehadbetterapplyforit____.如果一個(gè)父親想送他的兒子去伊頓公學(xué),他最好在____就申請(qǐng)。
A.assoonashissonisbornA.兒子一出生
B.whenhissonis12or13B.兒子12歲或13歲時(shí)
C.evenbeforehissonisbornC.兒子出生前
D.onlyifhissoniscleverD.除非他的兒子聰明的時(shí)候
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“如果出生前沒有,那么你必須在出生時(shí)登記。(Youhadtobeenteredatbirth,ifnotbefore.)”由此可知如果沒有在出生前登記,那么必須在出生時(shí)登記。由此可推斷,最好在出生前就申請(qǐng)。因此選C。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“兒子一出生”,根據(jù)推斷,最好是在出生前登記,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“兒子12歲或13歲時(shí)”,根據(jù)推斷,最好是在出生前登記,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“除非他的兒子聰明的時(shí)候”,曲解原文,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thehousetheylivedinwas____.他們住的房子____。
A.thebesttheycouldaffordA.是他們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的最好的房子
B.rightfortheirsocialpositionB.與他們的社會(huì)地位相稱
C.neartheGolfClubC.在高爾夫俱樂部附近
D.rathersmallD.相當(dāng)小
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段第六句“他總是知道自己在生活中應(yīng)有的地位(hisproperstationinlife),也就是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的中間階層,我們的房子是半獨(dú)立式的?!庇纱丝芍?,作者的父親非常清楚自己的社會(huì)地位,所以可推斷他們的房子與他們的社會(huì)地位相稱。因此選B。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“是他們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的最好的房子”,文章沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“在高爾夫俱樂部附近”,文章只是說父親減少去貴族式高爾夫俱樂部,并不是說他們房子在高爾夫俱樂部附近,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)小”,根據(jù)文章可知,他們的房子是半獨(dú)立式的,并沒有相當(dāng)小,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
HisfathersoldhisRolls-Roycebecause____.他的父親賣掉了他的勞斯萊斯汽車,因?yàn)開___。
A.itmadehimfeeluneasyA.它使他感到不安
B.itwastoooldtobeefficientB.它太舊了,效率不高
C.itwastooexpensivetoownC.擁有它太貴了
D.heneededmoneythenD.那時(shí)他需要錢
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“盡管有一次他以極低的價(jià)格買了一輛二手勞斯萊斯,但開起來他覺得很尷尬(hefeltembarrasseddrivingit),于是很快就把它換成了奧斯汀1100?!庇纱丝芍髡叩母赣H覺得開勞斯萊斯很尷尬,可推斷這輛車使他感到不安。因此選A。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“它太舊了,效率不高”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“擁有它太貴了”,文中提到“盡管有一次他以極低的價(jià)格買了一輛二手勞斯萊斯”,可知這輛汽車并不是太貴了,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“那時(shí)他需要錢”,由文中定位點(diǎn)可知,并不是需要錢而是作者的父親覺得開起來太尷尬,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thewriter’sfatherenjoyedbeingdifferentaslongas____.作者的父親喜歡與眾不同,只要____。
A.itenabledhimtoshowoffA.這能讓他炫耀
B.itdidn’tinvolvehiminargumentsB.不卷入爭(zhēng)論
C.itwasunderstoodasajokeC.這被理解為一個(gè)笑話
D.therewasnodangerofhisshowingoffD.他沒有炫耀的危險(xiǎn)
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段最后一句“我也應(yīng)該記得,他喜歡與眾不同,如果這與他害怕引起別人注意的恐懼不沖突的話(hehadalikingforbeingdifferentfromeveryoneelse,ifitdidnotconflictwithhisfearofdrawingattentiontohimself)?!庇纱丝芍?,作者的父親喜歡與眾不同,但是不希望引起別人的注意。由此可推斷,作者的父親不希望他有炫耀的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此選D。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“這能讓他炫耀”,由推斷可知,作者的父親并不想炫耀,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“不卷入爭(zhēng)論”,文中只是說他害怕引起別人注意,并沒有說爭(zhēng)論,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;
C選項(xiàng)“這被理解為一個(gè)笑話”,曲解原文,屬于過度推斷。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Whatwasthewriter’sreactiontotheideaofgoingtoboarding-school?作者對(duì)上寄宿學(xué)校的想法有什么反應(yīng)?
A.Hewasveryunhappy.A.他很不高興。
B.Hehadmixedfeelings.B.他百感交集。
C.Hewasdelighted.C.他很高興。
D.Hedidn’tbelieveit.D.他不相信。
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“我記得我的眼睛刺痛,我的手顫抖,因?yàn)槲业母杏X混亂。興奮之情溢于言表,但內(nèi)心卻極度悲傷。(Iremembermyeyesstingingandmyhandsshakingwiththeconfusionofmyfeelings.Therewasexcitement,attheheartofgreatsadness.)”由此可知,作者既開心又難過,可推斷他內(nèi)心百感交集。因此選B。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“他很不高興?!?,文中說的是作者既開心又難過,并不是很不高興,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“他很高興?!保闹凶髡邇?nèi)心也有悲傷的感覺不僅僅是高興,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“他不相信。”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
12.單選題
Whenan'inventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible(1)ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheidea(2),orpatentit.
A(3)patentistheresultofabargain(4)betweenaninventorandthestate,buttheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod(5).
Onlythemostexceptionalcircumstances(6)thelifespanofapatent(7)toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.
Thelongestextensionever(8)wastoGeorgesValensi:his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitwasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVto(9)andthusnohopeforrewardfortheinvention.
Becauseapatentremainspermanently(10)afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe(11)officecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasdialarefreeforanyonetouseand,if(12)thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone(13)toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough(14)patentsthattheonesurewayofviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform(15)invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally(16)totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis(17)onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.
Anyoneclosely(18)inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,(19)makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryformagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginate(20)thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.work
B.possibility
C.measures
D.courses
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.open
B.covered
C.secret
D.improved
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.granted
B.granting
C.inventing
D.invented
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.striking
B.struck
C.tobestriking
D.tostrike
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.terminating
B.continuing
C.continues
D.terminates
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.are
B.tobe
C.be
D.is
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.extending
B.willextend
C.extended
D.tobeextended
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.granted
B.granting
C.togrant
D.beinggranted
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.receiving
B.sending
C.receive
D.send
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.public
B.secret
C.close
D.concealed
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.customer
B.commerce
C.patent
D.television
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.longer
B.older
C.weaker
D.younger
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.wished
B.refusing
C.refused
D.whishing
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.live
B.dead
C.working
D.recording
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.temporarily
B.suddenly
C.permanently
D.sharply
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.dangerous
B.undesirable
C.safe
D.terrible
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.contracted
B.sent
C.anticipated
D.based
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.involving
B.involved
C.contained
D.containing
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.which
B.when
C.that
D.where
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.with
B.off
C.before
D.from
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
第6題:D
第7題:C
第8題:A
第9題:D
第10題:A
第11題:C
第12題:B
第13題:D
第14題:A
第15題:C
第16題:C
第17題:D
第18題:B
第19題:C
第20題:D
【解析】1.句意:當(dāng)一項(xiàng)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問世時(shí),對(duì)發(fā)明者而言有三種可供選擇的。因此D項(xiàng)courses(做法)符合句意。
2.句意:他可以把這項(xiàng)發(fā)明公布于世,或,或申請(qǐng)專利。根據(jù)空格處前后句意推測(cè),此處選C。意為“保密”。
3.句意:專利是發(fā)明者與國家之間達(dá)成的一種契約。因此A項(xiàng)granted(授予)正確。
4.句意:授予的專利發(fā)明者與國家之間達(dá)成的一種契約。此為動(dòng)詞strike的過去分詞形式做后置定語。
5.句意:按照契約,發(fā)明者可以對(duì)自己的成果在一定期限內(nèi)享有壟斷權(quán),壟斷后,他就得把發(fā)明的細(xì)節(jié)問題公之于眾。Terminate意為“結(jié)束”,此為時(shí)間狀語從句,從句中缺謂語動(dòng)詞。故選D。
6.句意:只有在極其特殊的情況下才可以延長專利期限。此句為only短語位于句首,句子應(yīng)部分倒裝,主語為thelifespanofpatent,因此用系動(dòng)詞is。
7.此處主語為專利,所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài),is被提前了,因此選C。
8.句意:曾經(jīng)最長的專利延期名額給了GeorgesValensi。這里應(yīng)用grant的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。
9.句意:1939年他就取得彩色電視接收器線路的專利,而且這一專利延續(xù)到1971年,因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)專利在其大部分正常期限內(nèi)都沒有彩電可供,這樣這項(xiàng)專利無望獲得回報(bào)。因此,send(發(fā)送)符合句意。而且,空格前為動(dòng)詞不定式to,因此選D。
10.句意:因?yàn)橐豁?xiàng)專利到期后,就永遠(yuǎn)了。A項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯。
11.句意:因此,局所屬的圖書館架子上有成千上萬種專利。根據(jù)句意選C。
12.句意:如果半個(gè)世紀(jì),任何人都可以自由使用。longer長久的,長期的;older多年的,長時(shí)間的;weaker虛弱的;younger年輕的。因此選B。
13.句意:實(shí)際上,專利專家們常對(duì)開發(fā)有效專利而又避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議,避免侵犯他人專利的有效辦法就是使用過期專利。此處,wish符合句意,此處邏輯主語為anyone,因此選D。
14.句意:實(shí)際上,專利專家們常對(duì)希望開發(fā)有效專利而又避免高額費(fèi)用的人提出建議,避免侵犯他人專利的有效辦法就是使用過期專利。Live實(shí)況播送的;dead無效的;working起作用;recording記錄的。因此選A。
15.因?yàn)橛萌魏纹渌绞焦加^點(diǎn)都會(huì)使之失效。C項(xiàng)permanently(永久地)符合句意。
16.句意:因此,傳統(tǒng)上,從其他印刷材料上想出辦法是。C項(xiàng)safe(安全的)符合句意。
17.句意:眾多現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的進(jìn)步都是這些法律安全的考慮。因此D項(xiàng)based(根據(jù))符合句意。
18.句意:任何一個(gè)經(jīng)常專利和發(fā)明的人很快會(huì)得知。B項(xiàng)involved(參與了)符合句意。
19.句意:只有把握時(shí)代的需求,跟上新技術(shù)的步伐,專利才能變成商業(yè)實(shí)踐,做到名利雙收。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞that。
20.句意:電視生成原理許多原創(chuàng)思路都起源于19世紀(jì)后期和20世紀(jì)初。
13.單選題
Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.
MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.
Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.
Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.
Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.
Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!
1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare().
2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto().
3.Causesoffashionsare().
4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes().
5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance
B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage
C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion
D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.confidenceinlife
B.personaldress
C.individualhairstyle
D.personalfuture
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.uniform
B.varied
C.unknown
D.inexplicable
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.uniformity
B.formality
C.informality
D.individuality
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations
B.Fashioninfo
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