考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hamlet______hisfather’sdeathonhisuncle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reserved

B.reverted

C.revenged

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)reverse“顛倒、撤銷、反轉(zhuǎn)”；B項(xiàng)revert“回復(fù)、重提”；C項(xiàng)revenge“報(bào)復(fù)、復(fù)仇”；D項(xiàng)reveal“顯示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔報(bào)了殺父之仇。revengeon“向……報(bào)復(fù)”；因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使緩解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪種情況最危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)原文前兩段可知，青少年駕車載著超過(guò)3名乘客出行發(fā)生致命事故的概率是那些獨(dú)自開(kāi)車青少年的3倍，而青少年司機(jī)的死亡率在晚上10點(diǎn)，特別是午夜之后急劇上升。因此，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“成年人在晚上10點(diǎn)鐘后搭載青少年”與C選項(xiàng)“成年人在晚上很晚時(shí)搭載3名以上青少年乘客”均不正確。D選項(xiàng)“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的車”在原文沒(méi)有提及，可排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)RobertFoss認(rèn)為青少年死亡率高的原因。根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司機(jī)的死亡率高與其真正愚蠢的行為關(guān)系不大，而是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故本題正確答案為C。A選項(xiàng)“頻繁在晚上駕駛”：B選項(xiàng)“他們不恰當(dāng)?shù)鸟{駛方式”；D選項(xiàng)“他們載乘客駕駛”均與原文不符，故排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“青少年應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)駕駛”在原文并未提及，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“駕駛對(duì)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)太復(fù)雜了所以學(xué)不會(huì)”，屬于無(wú)中生有，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“青少年申請(qǐng)參加駕駛課程應(yīng)當(dāng)有一些限制”由第三段內(nèi)容不能得出，可排除。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句可知，根本問(wèn)題是，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到駕駛是一項(xiàng)多么復(fù)雜和需要熟練度的任務(wù)。也就是說(shuō)駕照發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任。因此，只有D項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容相符，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，緩解青少年駕駛事故的方法是建立所謂的駕照分級(jí)許可制度，因此D選項(xiàng)“改善駕照許可制度”正確。A選項(xiàng)為“規(guī)定青少年要在成人陪同下駕駛”；B選項(xiàng)為“應(yīng)該不準(zhǔn)他們載客”：C選項(xiàng)為“應(yīng)該禁止他們晚上10點(diǎn)后開(kāi)車”。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美國(guó)現(xiàn)在大約有一半的州已經(jīng)有了分級(jí)許可制度，但只有10個(gè)州對(duì)乘客有限制。說(shuō)明這種制度已經(jīng)建立了，只是還不夠完善。A選項(xiàng)“在討論中”、B選項(xiàng)“即將建立”和C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被實(shí)施”都不符合，因此本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先認(rèn)識(shí)到并充分欣賞你所處的階段，否則你無(wú)法做到這一點(diǎn)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“求職者應(yīng)該充分了解他們所處的階段”；A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)年輕人如果不學(xué)習(xí)四階段理論就找不到工作”，B選項(xiàng)“有好工作的年輕人學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)四階段理論”以及D選項(xiàng)“年長(zhǎng)的雇員將被年輕人逼出就業(yè)市場(chǎng)”未在原文提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多歲的人被困在勞動(dòng)力的中間階層，他們抱怨要等前輩為他們上層騰出空間）可知選B選項(xiàng)“40多歲的人”；A選項(xiàng)“年輕人經(jīng)常換工作”，C選項(xiàng)“年齡較大的員工有可能提前退休”以及D選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谒麄兊穆殬I(yè)周期中沒(méi)有完成四個(gè)階段”和原文不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看來(lái)，兩代人之間的差異不是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，而是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“兩代人之間的差異與其說(shuō)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，不如說(shuō)是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)”；A選項(xiàng)“一代人的抱負(fù)遲早會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)“找到好工作主要取決于年齡”原文未提及；根據(jù)原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（產(chǎn)品或品牌的生命周期有四個(gè)階段。名字可能不同，但基本上這四個(gè)階段是入門(mén)，成長(zhǎng)，成熟和衰退。作為一名管理知名運(yùn)動(dòng)員30多年的經(jīng)理，我知道這四個(gè)階段肯定適用于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的職業(yè)生涯和市場(chǎng)價(jià)值）可知原文并沒(méi)有提到產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)性，D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)性可以與運(yùn)動(dòng)員的市場(chǎng)性相比較”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的入門(mén)或啟動(dòng)階段是指他或她開(kāi)始比賽，表現(xiàn)出色，并在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中吸引人們的注意力）可知選A選項(xiàng)“入門(mén)階段”；B“增長(zhǎng)階段”，C選項(xiàng)“成熟階段”，D選項(xiàng)“衰退期”沒(méi)有提到吸引力這一項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“olderemployees”定位到原文倒數(shù)第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年長(zhǎng)員工……不是因?yàn)樗麄兛梢缘玫剑且驗(yàn)樗麄儞碛袉T工在入門(mén)和成長(zhǎng)階段所缺乏的品質(zhì)，即智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)）可知選D選項(xiàng)“他們有更多的智慧，經(jīng)驗(yàn)和負(fù)擔(dān)能力”，同時(shí)可知C選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谏L(zhǎng)階段擁有更好的品質(zhì)”和原文不符；A選項(xiàng)“他們善于推銷自己”，B選項(xiàng)“他們很聽(tīng)話，很容易控制”未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Undergraduatestudentshaveno

totherarebooksintheschoollibrary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.entrance

C.opportunity

D.path

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。accessto“接近，有權(quán)使用”。句意：本科生無(wú)法去圖書(shū)館使用里面的珍貴書(shū)籍。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury（）whatheatis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mandidknow

B.didmanknow

C.manknew

D.didn'tmanknow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝。notuntil位于句首時(shí),

句子要倒裝,

即將助動(dòng)詞提前。結(jié)構(gòu)為Notuntil+助動(dòng)詞+（主句）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美國(guó)社會(huì)是建立在一種極其不穩(wěn)固的自然資源基礎(chǔ)上的，這與可能惡化的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Between1815and1915,morethan30millionimmigrantsarrivedintheUnitedStates.ThesewerepeoplefromothercountrieswhocametomaketheUnitedStatestheirhome.

Immigrantscameformanyreasons.Someweredrivenawayfromhomebyhardshipssuchashunger,poverty,overpopulation,orpoliticalandreligioustroubles.SomewereattractedtotheUnitedStatesbythepromiseofabetterlife.Theyhadheardstoriesaboutcheapland,highwages,andevenaboutstreetspavedwithgold.Somecamebecauseofthepromiseofgreaterfreedominthisnewnation.

Inthemid-1800s,theUnitedStatesneededworkersalmosteverywhere.Workerswereneededtobuildrailroadsandbridges.TheywereneededintheslaughterhousesofChicagoandintheironandcoalminesofOhioandPennsylvania.Theywereneededinfactoriesandonfarms.Theywereneededtobuildhomesandbuildingsinthegrowingcities.AmericancompaniesadvertisedinEuropeforpeopletocometotheUnitedStates.

Thereweretwoperiodswhenimmigrantscameingreaternumbersthanusual.Between1815and1860,largenumbersofpeoplecamefromnorthernEurope.ThelargestgroupswereIrishandGermans.SomeAsians,mostlyChinese,alsocameduringthistime.

In1815,IrelandwasthemostcrowdedcountryinEurope.Mostpeoplehadnolandandlittlefoodormoney.FamilieswouldsendtheiryoungermemberstotheUnitedStates.Theyoungpeopleinturn,wouldfindjobsandsendmoneyhome.ThenthewholefamilywouldmovetotheUnitedStates.Inthe1840s,thepotatocropsfailedinIreland.Everywherepeoplediedofstarvationandfewer.Withintenyears,1.5millionIrishpeopleleftfortheUnitedStates.

MostIrishimmigrantslandedinNorthernportcitiessuchasBoston,NewYork,andPhiladelphia.Theydidnothaveenoughmoneytobuyfarms.Mostsettledinthepoorestareasofthesecities.Irishpeoplegottheworstjobsandlowestpay.Themendugcanals,builtroadsandrailroads,andworkedintextilefactories.Thewomenworkedinfactoriesorashouseholdservants.

MostGermanimmigrantscouldmoveonfromtheEasternportcities.ManyboughtfarmsintheMidwestorstartedbusinessinthenewerWesterncitiesofDetroit,Milwaukee,andChicago.

Thegoldrushof1849broughtmanyChinesetoCalifornia.Floods,typhoons,andhungerhadforcedmanyChinesetoleavetheirhomes.FromUnitedStatesmerchantshipsreachingChina,theyheardabouthighwagesandgold.In1850alone,25,000youngChinesearrivedinCalifornia.TheChineseworkedinthegoldmines.Theyhelpedbuildthefirstrailroadtocrossthenation,whichwasfinishedin1869.Later,theyworkedinlumbering,fishing,andcanningcompanies,andonfarmsinCalifornia.

ThesecondgreatwaveofimmigrantscamemostlyfromeasternandsouthernEuropebetween1890and1910.GiantfactoriesandbusinessesintheUnitedStatesneededmoreandmoreworkers.After1900,asmanyas15,000peoplewouldarriveinoneday.

ManyoftheseimmigrantswereJewsfromdifferentpartsofEuropeseekingreligiousfreedom.SouthernItaliansalsocameinlargenumbers.TheyweredrivenawayfromItalybyaverydifficultlife.SomeSicilianworkersmadeonly8centsaday.Peoplehadtoliveinstrawhousesandsometimesintombsandcaves.

Greeks,Hungarians,Russians,andPolesalsocametotheUnitedStatesduringthistime.MexicanstravelednorthtocitiesandfarmsthroughouttheUnitedStatesSouthwest.JapanesepeoplearrivedontheWestCoast.Theretheytookjobsasfarmworkersandservants.Manyeventuallyboughttheirownland.

LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultforalmostallthenewimmigrants.Andyet,manyfoundsomeoftheirdreamscomingtrue.

1.Animmigrantisapersonwho（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTtrue?

3.ChineseimmigrantscametotheUnitedStatesmainlybecauseof

（

）.

4.Whohelpedbuildthefirstrailroad,whichwasfinishedin1869,tocrossthe-nation?

5.LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultfor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dreamsofahappierlifeandwantsabetterjob

B.leavesone’sowncountryandsettlesinanother

C.comesasasettlerintoanothercountry

D.doessomeoddjobsinsparetime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Somewereattractedbythepromiseofgreaterfreedomorabetterlife.

B.Someweredrivenawayfromhomebystarvationorpoverty.

C.Mostoftheimmigrantslefttheirhomesbecauseofpoliticalandreligioustrouble.

D.ManyoftheimmigrantswereJewswhocametoseekreligiousfreedom.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefailureofpotatocrops

B.thestarvationathomeandtheattractionofthegoldminesofCalifornia

C.religiousfreedom

D.politicalfreedom

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Chineseimmigrants.

B.Russianimmigrants.

C.Germanimmigrants.

D.Japaneseimmigrants.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Irishimmigrantsonly

B.Chineseimmigrantsonly

C.almostallthenewimmigrants

D.alltheimmigrants

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“移民是……”。文章第一段提到“這些將美國(guó)變成自己家的人來(lái)自其他國(guó)家”（ThesewerepeoplefromothercountrieswhocametomaketheUnitedStatestheirhome）。選項(xiàng)B“離開(kāi)自己的國(guó)家，定居另外一個(gè)國(guó)家”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下面原因中不真實(shí)的是……”。文章第二段提到“一些人因?yàn)轲囸I、貧困、人口過(guò)剩或政治和宗教問(wèn)題等困難而離家出走。一些人被美國(guó)對(duì)美好生活的承諾所吸引”（Someweredrivenawayfromhomebyhardshipssuchashunger,poverty,overpopulation,orpoliticalandreligioustroubles.SomewereattractedtotheUnitedStatesbythepromiseofabetterlife），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“有些是被自由和美好生活的承諾吸引”,B“有些人由于饑餓和貧窮”,C“大部分移民離開(kāi)家是因?yàn)檎魏妥诮虇?wèn)題”都是正確的，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“中國(guó)移民來(lái)美國(guó)的主要原因是……”。文章第八段第一句話提到“1849年加利福尼亞的黃金熱將很多中國(guó)人帶到了那里。洪水、臺(tái)風(fēng)和饑餓也使得很多中國(guó)人離開(kāi)自己的家鄉(xiāng)”（Thegoldrushof1849broughtmanyChinesetoCalifornia.Floods,typhoons,andhungerhadforcedmanyChinesetoleavetheirhomes），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“幫助美國(guó)修建第一條跨州鐵路的是……”。文章第八段提到“他們幫助美國(guó)修建了第一條跨州鐵路，于1869年完工”（Theyhelpedbuildthefirstrailroadtocrossthenation,whichwasfinishedin1869），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“哪類人在美國(guó)生活艱難”。文章最后一段提到“幾乎所有的新移民在美國(guó)生活都很困難”（LifeintheUnitedStateswasverydifficultforalmostallthenewimmigrants），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohelp

B.andhelps

C.tohelping

D.tohavehelped

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“當(dāng)提到；就……而論”。句意：當(dāng)談到幫助妻子做家務(wù)時(shí)，約翰從不抱怨。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation-conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind:this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporationordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemeltsitwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeepestportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.

13.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaftertheformationofoceanice?

15.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSeainthelastparagraph?

16.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceanswithices?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thechangeinoceanicsalinity

B.Theprocessesofseawater

C.Theformationofourtablesalt

D.Theconversionofseawater

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesaltisstillinthewater.

B.Theheavywatersinks.

C.Thewaterbecomesdenser.

D.Watersalinitydecreases.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tosuggestthatithassalinityvariation.

B.TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters.

C.Toindicatethelocationofdeepwaters.

D.Togiveanexampleofcold-watersalinity.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmovesveryquickly.

B.Itisrelativelywarm.

C.Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.

D.Itisrelativelycold.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】13.主旨大意題。文章的第一句Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.（如果對(duì)海水的鹽度進(jìn)行分析，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)各地的鹽度差別很小。）但是有些小的變化是重要的，最后再說(shuō)明了導(dǎo)致海洋的鹽度變化的基本過(guò)程有三個(gè)：蒸發(fā)、降水和冰。文章一直圍繞著鹽度變化進(jìn)行闡述。因此A選項(xiàng)“海洋鹽度的變化”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“海水的過(guò)程”，C選項(xiàng)“我們食鹽的形成”，D選項(xiàng)“海水的轉(zhuǎn)化”均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

14.推理判斷題。定位在倒數(shù)第二段Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.（海水凍結(jié)時(shí)，溶于其中的物質(zhì)被留了下來(lái)。這樣，在新形成的海洋冰正下方的海水會(huì)比在冰塊形成之前有更高的鹽度。）由此可知海洋冰形成后附近水域的鹽度會(huì)上升，而不是下降，因此D選項(xiàng)“鹽度降低”錯(cuò)誤。同理可知A選項(xiàng)“鹽還在水里”，C選項(xiàng)“水變得更濃了”正確。B選項(xiàng)“重水下沉”定位在最后一段IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.（在南極洲附近的威德?tīng)柡?，海洋中最稠密的水是由于這種凍結(jié)過(guò)程而形成的，這種凍結(jié)過(guò)程增加了冷水的鹽度。）可知Thisheavywatersinks這種重水下沉也與海洋冰的形成有關(guān)。故選D。

15.推理判斷題。定位在最后一段IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeepestportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.（在南極洲附近的威德?tīng)柡?，海洋中濃度最高的水是由于這種凍結(jié)過(guò)程而形成的，這種凍結(jié)過(guò)程增加了冷水的鹽度。這種重水下沉，在世界海洋最深的部分被發(fā)現(xiàn)。）還是在對(duì)第三種導(dǎo)致海洋的鹽度變化的過(guò)程海洋冰的舉例，因此答案選D選項(xiàng)“舉冷水鹽度的例子”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“表明它有鹽度變化”，與題意不符，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“把南極水域和北極水域進(jìn)行比較”屬于無(wú)中生有，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“指示深水的位置”偷換主語(yǔ)，非深水而是重水下沉。可排除。故選D。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.（這樣，在新形成的海洋冰正下方的海水會(huì)比在冰塊形成之前有更高的鹽度。）和thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.（由于這種凍結(jié)過(guò)程，海洋中最密集的水形成，增加了冷水的鹽度）由此可推理出在海洋冰底下的海水濃度會(huì)更高。因此C選項(xiàng)“它的鹽度相對(duì)較高”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它移動(dòng)得很快”，B選項(xiàng)“海水會(huì)相對(duì)暖和”，D選項(xiàng)“海水相當(dāng)冷”，均未涉及，不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

10.單選題

Apasser-bywasquickenoughto（）thefallingchildanddrewhimoutthepathofalorry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putaway

B.liftedup

C.grabbedat

D.soughtafter

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putaway收拾；放好；liftedup升起；舉起；鼓舞；grabbedat抓住，抓牢；soughtafter找尋，探索。句意：一個(gè)過(guò)路人很快地抓住了那個(gè)摔倒的孩子，把他拖出了卡車的軌道。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Manoftenwondershowtheearthevolvedfromahot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryplanetthat_______inpicturesfromspace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standsfor

B.standsby

C.standsup

D.standsout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“standsfor”意為“代表；意味著”；B選項(xiàng)“standsby”意為“支持；袖手旁觀；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊”；C選項(xiàng)“standsup”意為“站起來(lái)；堅(jiān)持；豎立；站得住腳；擁護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)“standsout”意為“突出；杰出；堅(jiān)持到底；堅(jiān)決反對(duì)”。句意：人們常常想知道地球是如何從一個(gè)炙熱、狂暴的誕生演變成這個(gè)著名的含水星球，并從太空照片中脫穎而出的。由題干可知，inpicturesfromspace（在太空照片中），說(shuō)明從太空層面來(lái)看，地球與其他星球截然不同，是個(gè)含水的星球，由此脫穎而出。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞的用法。句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)thebanana，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知cultivate是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，其與thebanana的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C與D可以排除。主句中用的時(shí)態(tài)是was過(guò)去時(shí)，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Thebarintheclubisforthe（）useofitsmembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；B選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的，專一的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D選項(xiàng)comprehensive“綜合的，廣泛的”。句意：俱樂(lè)部?jī)?nèi)的酒吧僅對(duì)會(huì)員開(kāi)放。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Manyoftheconditionsthat_______populationpressures―overcrowding,unemployment,poverty,hungerandillness—leadtodissatisfaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bringforward

B.giveriseto

C.feedupwith

D.resultfrom

【答案】D

【解析】bringforward提出,提供;giveriseto引起,導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生;feedupwith使對(duì)……厭煩;resultfrom起因于,由…造成。句意：過(guò)度擁擠、失業(yè)、貧窮、饑餓和疾病等諸多情況都是由人口壓力造成的,從而導(dǎo)致了不滿。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded（用柵圍護(hù)）Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics（陶器）finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica（云母）sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed（

）.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewas

located（

）.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas（

）.