考研考博-英語-南充科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南充科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Healways______hisfailureinobtainingajobtobadluck.

問題1選項

A.ascribes

B.transcribes

C.inscribes

D.prescribes

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ascribes歸因于，歸咎于B.transcribes轉(zhuǎn)錄，抄寫

C.inscribes題寫；銘記D.prescribes開藥方；規(guī)定

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“他把失敗______于運(yùn)氣不好”可知，空格處表示“歸因于”符合句意，且ascribeto表示“把……歸結(jié)于”。故本題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】他總是把沒能找到工作歸咎于運(yùn)氣不好。

2.單選題

ThedeathofhisfathergavehimaWholenew（）onlife：nowhespendsmoretimewithhisfamily.

問題1選項

A.perspective

B.euphemism

C.conformation

D.providence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。perspective“觀點”；euphemism“委婉語”；conformation“構(gòu)造”；providence“天意，深謀遠(yuǎn)慮”。句意：他父親的死亡給了他一個對生活的新觀點：現(xiàn)在他要花更多的時間在家庭上。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀嘆)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn’twritingatall.It’sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;wringisjustacraftthatcamealonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:“Thewholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradualretreatofthePersianswaschangedintoadisorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbytheprincipalleadersand…”

Noonetalkslikethatcasually—orshould.Butitisnaturaltodesiretodosoforspecialoccasions.Intheolddays,wedidn’tmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethespeedofconversation.Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo—andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolvesthecrudemechanicsofwriting,butinitseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingisactuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindofgrammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn’tactuallymean“l(fā)aughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolvedintosomethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.Joeelyntexts“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback“LOLatthelibrarystudyingfortwohours.”LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality.Insteadofhavingaliteralmeaning,itdoessomething—conveyinganattitude—justlikethe-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan“meaning”anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithoutbeingnoticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparatefromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

16.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

17.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

18.WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

19.Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow（）.

20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftexting?

問題1選項

A.Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.

B.Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C.Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D.Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

問題2選項

A.Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B.Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C.Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D.Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

問題3選項

A.Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B.Itshowsthetexter’ssophistication.

C.Itisatrendywaytocommunicate.

D.Itaddstothehumorofthetext.

問題4選項

A.thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B.howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C.whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D.thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

問題5選項

A.Itfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B.Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C.Itdeterioratespeople’scompositionskills.

D.Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】16、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句話“Textinghaslongbeenbemoanedasthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit”（長久以來，短信一直被認(rèn)為是書面文字的衰落，一位評論家稱它為“文盲的書法”）。選項C“它會破壞了書面語言”對應(yīng)這句話中的thedownfallofthewrittenword。A、B、D與評論家的說法無關(guān)，所以排除。因此C選項正確。

17、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“writingisdifferentfromtalking”可定位到第二段第五句話“However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow”（然而，說話很大程度上是潛意識的、快速的，而寫作則是深思熟慮的、緩慢的）可知deliberate這個詞來看，與B選項表達(dá)中的accurately最接近，所以最佳選項為B選項。A、D選項在文中沒有相關(guān)表述；C選項關(guān)于寫作的歷史第二段開頭可知，寫作是位于談話之后的，歷史也是很長的，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

18、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“LOL”我們定位到文章中第四段第五句話“LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality”（LOL代表了發(fā)信息的人之間基本的同感，以及緩和緊張氣氛和找到公平的感覺）可知那么“同感”就對應(yīng)著選項A中的closertoeachother，即讓人與人之間的距離更近。所以最佳選項為A選項。LOL一開始的字面意義為“笑出來了”，甚至在沒什么好玩的時候也會使用它，但沒有關(guān)于其幽默的表述，所以排除D選項；B、C選項沒有原文依據(jù)，所以排除。因此A選項正確。

19、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“meatandsilly”可定位到第五段第三句話“Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed”（隨著時間的推移，一個單詞或短語的含義也在不斷變化——meat被用來表示任何一種食物，silly被用來表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知這是個舉例，而其觀點在前面部分，即“themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts”所以meatandsilly顯示出了詞語意義的變化。Drift對應(yīng)著D選項中的change。A、B、C均不符合題意，所以排除。因此D選項正確。

20、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句話“It’sa‘spoken’languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear”（這是一種“口語”語言，它正變得越來越豐富和復(fù)雜）以及最后一段最后一句話“Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers”（世界各地的人們說話的方式和書寫的方式大不相同。短信——快速、隨意、只供閱讀一次的短信——其實是用手指在說話）可知這兩句話都處于文章表達(dá)觀點的段落，表達(dá)的意思為它是一種新的語言交流形式，和B選項構(gòu)成同義的關(guān)系。所以最佳選項是B選項。A選項“它促進(jìn)了人們之間思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇內(nèi)容；C選項說法錯誤，文中提到?jīng)]有證據(jù)表明短信正在破壞寫作技巧；D選項體現(xiàn)在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

TheUnitedNations（）muchtoworldpeaceandorder.

問題1選項

A.hasattributed

B.haveattributed

C.hascontributed

D.havecontributed

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。attribute…to“把……歸因”，contribute…to“對……作貢獻(xiàn)”。

表示國家、地名等專用名詞做主語時，后面謂語用單數(shù)形式，句意：聯(lián)合國為世界和平與秩序做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。所以本題的正確答案是C選項。

5.單選題

Oncealighthouseisbuilt,noshipofanynationalitycanbeeffectively（）fromtheutilizationofthelighthousefornavigationalpurposes.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.dismissed

C.distracted

D.excluded

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項isolated“孤立”；B選項dismissed“解散”；C選項distracted“分心”；D選項excluded“排除”。句意：燈塔一旦建成，任何國籍的船舶都可以有效地利用它來航行。本句表示沒有船舶會被排除在外，因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Hewasconfrontedbyavisionofburningvehiclesandslashedbodied,strewnonaground（）withabandonedclothes,shoes,passportsandwreckedhouseholdgoods.

問題1選項

A.crammed

B.loaded

C.permeated

D.littered

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。litterwith意為“散落著，將…亂扔在…處”。句意：他看到的是燃燒的車輛和被砍傷的身體，地上散落著丟棄的衣服、鞋子、護(hù)照和毀壞的家用物品。選項D符合語境。

7.單選題

Itisaclassiccaseofthebored-housewifesyndrome—doingnothingalldaybutdrinkandgoshopping.

問題1選項

A.hindrance

B.synthesis

C.system

D.symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項hindrance“障礙；妨礙；妨害；阻礙物”；B選項synthesis“綜合，[化學(xué)]合成；綜合體”；C選項system“制度，體制；系統(tǒng)；方法”；D選項symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern“形成可識別模式的癥狀或體征”。句意：這是一個典型的無聊家庭主婦綜合癥——整天無所事事，只喝酒和購物。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞syndrome“[臨床]綜合癥狀；并發(fā)癥狀；校驗子；并發(fā)位”，得知B選項正確。

8.單選題

Whoeverhasskillsandknowledgeinthiscountry,Ibelieve,shouldbeproperlytreatedandrewarded（）hiseducationalbackgroundandfamilyorigin.

問題1選項

A.despiteof

B.regardlessof

C.letalone

D.becauseof

【答案】B

【解析】despiteof盡管；regardlessof不管，不顧；letalone更不用說，聽任；becauseof因為，由于。句意：我認(rèn)為，在這個國家無論誰擁有技術(shù)和知識，無論他的教育背景和家庭出身如何，都應(yīng)該得到適當(dāng)?shù)膶Υ酮剟?。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔細(xì)思考

C.abound（~with/in）充滿；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管閑事

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞搭配的介詞為in，賓語為“與他無關(guān)的事”，并且原句對此給出的評價是“不是一個好習(xí)慣”，由此可知，D選項“干涉；管閑事”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為Tom介入與他無關(guān)的事情不是一個好習(xí)慣。

10.單選題

Tomwasn'thappyaboutthedelay,and（

）.

問題1選項

A.Iwasneither

B.Iwasn'tneither

C.neitherwasI

D.eitherwasI

【答案】C

【解析】句意：湯姆對耽擱很不高興，我也是。根據(jù)句意可知，前后表示同樣的情況，肯定用So+助動詞+主語，否定用Neither+助動詞+主語，所以選項C正確。

11.單選題

TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008theInternationalYearofthePotato.Ithopesthatgreater（）ofthemeritsofpotatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.

問題1選項

A.identity

B.apprehension

C.awareness

D.consciousness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項identity“身份；特性”；B選項apprehension“憂慮；恐懼”；C選項awareness“意識；認(rèn)識”；D選項consciousness“知覺；感覺”。句意：聯(lián)合國已經(jīng)宣布2008年為國際土豆年，并希望更多人……土豆的優(yōu)點，從而促進(jìn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的達(dá)成。為了促成千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的達(dá)成，一定要讓更多人意識到土豆的優(yōu)點。因此C選項符合題意。

12.單選題

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmsbangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat______.

3.Theauthoradmitsthat______.

4.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans______.

5.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor______.

問題1選項

A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

C.theattractionoffootball

D.theattractionofbaseball

問題2選項

A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

C.itisnotexcitingenough

D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

問題3選項

A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball

D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

問題4選項

A.thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame

B.evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult

C.thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell

D.theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit

問題5選項

A.likesfootball

B.hatesfootball

C.hatesbaseball

D.likesbaseball

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段簡述了人們對棒球所持的偏見——認(rèn)為它毫無活力、從容和緩；文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了棒球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個比喻概括了棒球的魅力“Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic（如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂的話，那么，棒球中所表現(xiàn)出來的運(yùn)動恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂。）”?？梢?，本文主要探討的是棒球的特點及其欣賞，所以D選項“棒球的吸引力”符合題意。A選項“人們對運(yùn)動的不同品味”不對，雖然第一段也確實提到了不同觀眾對不同運(yùn)動形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對棒球的特征及欣賞的討論；B選項“運(yùn)動的不同特點”和C選項“足球的吸引力”都不是文章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故不選。因此D選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“...therearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.（……許多人不喜歡棒球，一提起棒球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對他們來說，看棒球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動裝的人呆立在球場上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么激動人心的事發(fā)生——沒意思透了。他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動更適合上個世紀(jì)的人的口味，緩慢，安靜，具有紳士風(fēng)度。）”由此可知那些不喜歡棒球的人認(rèn)為這項運(yùn)動不夠刺激，所以C選項“它不夠刺激”符合題意。A選項“它只適合老年人的口味”說法錯誤，文章第一段只提到“Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury（他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動更適合上個世紀(jì)的人的口味）”，與老年人意味不一樣；B選項“它涉及的球員比足球少”文章沒有提及；D選項“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑”，這與文章說它gentlemanly（具有紳士風(fēng)度，矜持，即：沒有沖撞或拼搶的意思）不一樣，故不選。因此C選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.（在電視上，棒球運(yùn)動被切換成不同角度的畫面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動的整體運(yùn)動感，使觀眾無法將自己投入到運(yùn)動中去，以體會到這種寓動于靜的運(yùn)動之美。電視做不到這一點，因此，電視上的棒球比賽看上去沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰的。）”所以B選項“電視上的棒球比賽很無聊”符合題意。A選項“棒球運(yùn)動對年輕人來說太平靜了”文章沒有提及，文章只提到了很多人認(rèn)為棒球不刺激，并沒有說到棒球?qū)δ贻p人來說太安靜了，故A選項不選；C選項“足球比棒球更吸引人”和D選項“棒球比足球更有趣”不對，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動有不同運(yùn)動的特征，并未說哪種運(yùn)動優(yōu)于哪種。因此B選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”（但要注意投手每次投球時都會發(fā)生什么：三壘手踮起腳尖，彎曲手臂或?qū)⑹痔着e到他面前的某個點上，向右或向左、向后或向前跨一步，也許他會掃一眼全場來檢查一壘手的位置。假設(shè)球場是一個球?！笆裁炊紱]發(fā)生”，你說?！拔冶緛砜梢蚤]上眼睛的”）該段整個都在描述棒球場上的一個場景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動員假設(shè)對方全投出好球，做好了一切準(zhǔn)備，但是對方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不會影響比賽結(jié)果。所以文章說到“本來可以閉上眼睛”，所以B選項“即使三壘手剛才閉上眼睛，結(jié)果也不會有什么不同”意思與題干相符，A選項“三壘手寧愿睡覺也不愿比賽”；C選項“第三壘手擅長棒球，他可以閉著眼睛完成比賽，并且做得很好”；D選項“結(jié)果太糟糕了，他無法忍受看到它”都不符合作者意圖，因此B選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。在本文中，作者主要探討了棒球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出只有根據(jù)棒球的特征來欣賞它，才能體會到它的魅力。在他看來，觀察到棒球比賽中運(yùn)動員的各種動作、棒球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵。只有從整體來把握它，才能看到每一個小的動作、每一個眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣，才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力?？梢姡髡邔Π羟蛴泻苌畹睦斫舛曳浅Ｏ矏郯羟?，所以D選項“喜歡棒球”說法正確。A選項“喜歡足球”；B選項“討厭足球”；C選項“討厭棒球”都與文章意思不符，因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,（

）?

問題1選項

A.didn’tit

B.usedn’tit

C.didn’tthereuseto

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。Therebe句型的反義疑問句必須用there進(jìn)行反問，若be動詞前沒有其它情態(tài)動詞或助動詞修飾，則反義疑問句用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式，如be動詞前有其它情態(tài)動詞或助動詞修飾，則反義疑問句用該情態(tài)動詞或助動詞的適當(dāng)形式。本題的反義疑問句部分為：usedn’tthere或didn’tthere，因此選D。句意：幾年前這里曾經(jīng)有過威脅，不是嗎？

14.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問題2選項

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問題3選項

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問題4選項

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問題5選項

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識別軟件來增強(qiáng)機(jī)場的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價格上漲。C:機(jī)場對軟件很滿意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說明書，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強(qiáng)機(jī)場安全)。但并不能證明A項跟D項正確。第三句說到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價飛漲)。因此B項正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機(jī)場開始安裝該軟件并進(jìn)行測試)。但這并不能說明C項正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無論你或許對面部識別軟件聽說過什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項“該軟件結(jié)果是無效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問的是:根據(jù)美國國防部的說法，這個系統(tǒng)的致命缺點是什么?A:太多假警報被拉響。B:每個人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機(jī)場被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個人都應(yīng)該偽裝自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機(jī)場抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報)。因此A項正確，C項不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個人中就有一個被拖拉出候機(jī)的隊伍，而這種比例是基于每個人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項跟D項只是文中提及的實驗的條件，而非致命缺點。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問題在于從現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫里的每一個細(xì)節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒有一個人能識別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對現(xiàn)實)。由此可知B項“該行業(yè)應(yīng)該認(rèn)清現(xiàn)實，改善技術(shù)”正確。

15.單選題

Whenitbecameclearthatmanagementandtheunioncouldnotsettletheirdifferences,thepresident_______tosettletheargument.

問題1選項

A.interacted

B.intervened

C.interconnected

D.interviewed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“interacted”意為“交流；溝通；合作；相互影響”；B選項“intervened”意為“干涉；調(diào)停；插入”；C選項“interconnected”意為“使互相連接”；D選項“interviewed”意為“采訪；接見；對……進(jìn)行面談；對某人進(jìn)行面試”。句意：當(dāng)資方和工會顯然無法解決分歧時，主席出面解決了爭論。由題干可知，資方和工會無法解決分歧，需要一個第三方來干涉調(diào)停以解決爭論。因此B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.

問題1選項

A.proclaimed

B.dwindled

C.repressed

D.indulged

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。proclaimed公告；dwindled減少，變小，縮小；repressed抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓，約束；indulged放任，放縱。句意：由于市場不景氣，工廠的工人已從4000多人減少到幾百人。選項B符合句意。

17.單選題

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproducesintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof

（

）.

5.Thewords"priorto"(Para.2)probablymean（

）.

問題1選項

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

問題2選項

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals

問題3選項

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowaskingeconomicuseofwastes

問題4選項

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

問題5選項

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出未來的水問題將變得更加嚴(yán)重和復(fù)雜，尤其是污水問題。接下來在二三段主要講解決污水問題的方法。所以本文主要的目的是為了讓人們了解污水問題，選項C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“..increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.”可知選項B和C有涉及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.”可知選項D有涉及。只有選項A在文中沒有信息提及。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.”其他行業(yè)正在探索廢棄產(chǎn)物的潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)用途。選項D與原文表述一致。

4.判斷推理題。從全文來看，作者只是在表達(dá)個人的觀點以及陳述個人觀察的結(jié)果:介紹水污染及其解決辦法，所以選項B正確。

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”應(yīng)該是在“disposal”之前，所以選項C正確。

18.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】計算題。男士說飛機(jī)上現(xiàn)有乘客100個，女士說還有132個空位。因此飛機(jī)總共可以容納232個乘客。

19.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

問題1選項

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他。

考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決（答）的;insensible昏迷的，無知覺的；inseparable不可分離的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。

20.單選題

Threelaboureconomistssuggestthateffortatworkiscorrelatedwithrace.Afterrejectinganumberof1explanationsforwhythismightbe,theyfinally2thediscrepancytounexplained“culturaldifferences”.Acutely3ofthesensitivityofthesefindings,theydelayedpublicationuntilafterthe4election.Thepapermayyetbe5onbythosewhoarekeentorootout“politicalcorrectness”andareunhappywithcurrentanti-discriminationlaws.Thestudy’smethodisstraightforwarD.Thedatacomefromnearly36,000“dailydiaries”,self-reportingonhowAmericansspenttheirworkinghours,6from2003to2012.Relyingonthe7thatworkersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth,theauthorscalculatethefractiono