考研考博-英語-南京大學金陵學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京大學金陵學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Manyfarmerscametothecity,（

）jobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunitiesoflifeinthecity.

問題1選項

A.lookingfor

B.tolookfor

C.havinglookedfor

D.lookedfor

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)?？崭褚钊氲膭釉~短語考查的是非謂語動詞的應(yīng)用。lookfor“追尋，尋找”，選項A現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作lookfor與主句的主語之間存在的是主謂關(guān)系。選項B動詞不定式表示的是目的。選項C表示的是動作已經(jīng)完成。選項D表示的是動作lookfor與主句的主語之間存在被動關(guān)系，不符合句子的意思。句意為：許多農(nóng)民來到城市，尋找工作和在城市的其他生活的傳奇機遇。故正確答案選A。

2.單選題

Therealitydoesnotalways（

）toone’sexpectations.

問題1選項

A.contribute

B.add

C.amount

D.correspond

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contribute“貢獻；出力”；B選項add“增加”；C選項amount“總計；合計；等于”；D選項correspond“符合；相應(yīng)”。句意：現(xiàn)實并不總是盡如人意。句中的reality“現(xiàn)實”和expectation“期望”之間應(yīng)有的關(guān)系是“符合”，因此D選項正確。

3.寫作題

Livinginanincreasinglycomplexsociety,wefacevariouskindsofcrises.Somepeopleviewcrisesasopportunitiesandencouragethemselvestoconfrontthem,othershavenegativeattitudestowardsthem.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoyouropinionontheissue.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Itiswell-knownthatweexistinadynamicworldwithvariouscrises.Whenwearefacedwiththem,somepeoplewillseethemaspreciouschancesandconfrontthempositively,whileotherswillchoosetoescapeandfacethemnegatively.Personally,Ithinkcrisescanmakeushardyenoughtosurvivewhateveradversitiesinourlaterlife,anditisimportanttoconfrontthemwithhopeandconfidence.Eventhoseseriouscrises,ifhandledproperly,canbeturnedtoablessingtous,too.

Firstly,asfarasanationisconcerned,crisescanberenderedbeneficial.TakeWenchuanearthquakewhichshookmostofSichuanforexample.ThecrisishascostChinesealot.Housescollapsed,bridgesbrokedownandmanyaffectedareaswerecutofffromtheoutsideworld.Nearlyamillionpeoplelosttheirhomes,tenthousandsofpeoplewereinjuredandanothertenthousandsofpeoplewerekilled.Butoursufferingswon’tgoinvainifweconfrontitpositively.Scientistsaremoredeterminedtoimprovethemeansbywhichweforecastearthquakeswithmoreaccuracy.Weshouldbuildhouseswhichcansurvivethedestructiveearthquakes.Andwealsoshouldbetterthemechanismtofacetheemergenciesandcrisis.

Secondly,crisessometimescontributetoourlifetreasureinawaythatfewcanimagineifwehavehopeandconfidence.Theycanweatherusandmakeusstrongenoughtofaceourselveswhenwefeelweak.Eric,myuncleisacaseinpoint.Hehadhardtimeinhischildhoodgoingthroughsuchafataldisease.Buthedidn’tgiveupthehopeofliving.Eventually,hewassavedbydoctors.Eversincethenhehasbeensogratefultotheworldthathehasbeendoingwhateverhecantogivebackinthesamemeasuretootherfellows.Andnowheislivingahappyandsuccessfullife.

Asawell-knownancientChinesenotiongoes,thepastlessonsifnotforgottencanbegoodteachersforusall.Insteadofavoidingcrises,weshouldtakethelessonsfromcrisesandregardthemasachancefornewgrowth.

4.單選題

AseniorUnitedNationsChildren’s（UNICEF）officialonMay29praisedChinaforitsremarkableachievementsinchildren'swelfare.

A.H.M.Farook,UNICEF’soperationsareaofficerforChinaandMongoliasaidthatChina“canbeverysatisfiedtotellthewholeworldwhatcanbedonewithlimitedresourcestohelpitschildrentogrowhealthilyandhappily.”

China’schildpopulationmakesupone-fifthoftheworld'stotal.“ThereasonbehindthetremendousachievementisChina’slongtraditionofcaringforchildrenbothathomeandinsociety,hesaid.”

“What’smoreisthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysgivenspecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed.”TheUNofficialmadetheremarkswhenaddressingagroupof50childrenandstafffromtheBeijingChildren’sWelfareHomeattheShangri-laHotel.Beijing.

Thehotelinvitestheorphanstosharesnacks,sing,danceandplaygamesataparkinsidethehotelfora“SharetheSunshine”party,asapreludetocelebrationstomarktheChildren’sDay.

TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.

Aleadingofficialofthewelfareinstitutionsaidthatthechildrenliveahappylifeandthattheagencyspends400-500yuanamonthforanaverageorphan.AnaverageChineseworkersearned440yuanamonthduringthefirstquarterthisyear.GoXiaojin,deputysecretary-generaloftheChinaYouthDevelopmentFoundation（CYDF）saidpeoplefromallwalksoflifehavecontributedtothewelfareoftheChinesechildren.ShesaidthatCYDFsetuptheProjectHopein1989,whichcallsonpeopleacrossthecountrytodonatemoneytohelppoorchildrentocontinuetheirschooling.

Bytheendoflastyear,shesaid,CYDFhadcollectednearly700millionyuanindonations,whichhashelpedtheestablishmentof2,074hopeprimaryschoolsandenabledmorethan1.25milliondropoutstoreturntoschoolclassrooms.Three“HopeStars”alsoattendedtheparty.Theyweremode1teenagerschosenamongstudentswhoareeconomicallysupportedbytheProjectHopetofurthertheirnine-yearcompulsorystudiesinthepoverty-strickenregions.TheywillbetorchbearersfortheChineseTeamfortheupcomingAtlantaOlympicGamesthisyear.

1.Childrencangrowhealthilyandhappilyaslongas（）.

2.EveryyeartheBejingChildren’sWelfareHomespends（）ontheorphans.

3.CYDFcollected700millionyuanwiththepurposeof（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat（）.

5.Itispossiblethatthispassagewaswrittenin（）.

問題1選項

A.parentstakegoodcareofthembothathomeandinsociety

B.thewholesocietycareforchildrenaswellastheirparents

C.Schoolsandteacherspaymuchattentiontothegrowthofchildren

D.Chinesepeoplealwaysgivespecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed

問題2選項

A.1,920,000yuan2,160.000yuan

B.2,160.000yuan

C.over2,400.000yuan

D.2.200.000yuanorso

問題3選項

A.reducingdropouts

B.helpinghomelessorphans

C.supportingtheChineseTeamforthecomingAtlantaOlympicGames

D.establishing2,074Hopeprimaryschoolsalloverthecountry

問題4選項

A.everyChinesechildhasitsownspecialneed,soweshouldpayspecialattentiontoeach

B.allthechildreninthepoverty-strickenregionsofChinaaretoopoortogotoschool

C.eversinceliberation,theChineseCommunistPartyhasbeenconcernedaboutthegrowthoftheyoungergeneration

D.withthehelpofUNICEFofficials,therearenomoredropoutsinChina

問題5選項

A.1992

B.1996

C.1998

D.2000

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第一段“ThereasonbehindthetremendousachievementisChina’slongtraditionofcaringforchildrenbothathomeandinsociety,hesaid.他說，這一巨大成就背后的原因是在中國，家庭和社會都照顧兒童的悠久傳統(tǒng)?？芍袊『⒖梢越】悼鞓烦砷L的原因是社會和家庭對兒童的共同關(guān)心。故B項正確。A項只強調(diào)了父母的作用；C項只強調(diào)了學校和老師的作用；D項“中國人總是關(guān)注那些有特殊需要的孩子”這句話只提到了有特殊需要的孩子(比如孤兒)，而題干問的是在什么樣的條件下，孩子們才能健康快樂成長，顯然題干是指所有的中國孩子。故D項不選。答案B。

2.推理計算題。由第六段TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.以及第七段Aleadingofficialofthewelfareinstitutionsaidthatthechildrenliveahappylifeandthattheagencyspends400-500yuanamonthforanaverageorphan.可知用于400多名孤兒的福利院的開支為400x12x400=1920,000到400x12x500=2400,000之間，因為文中并未給出孤兒的確切數(shù)量和每個孤兒每月的確切開支，故福利院每年用于孤兒身上的開支是不確定的，只能是一個大概范圍內(nèi)的數(shù)字，范圍為1920000-2400000之間。故D項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段Bytheendoflastyear,shesaid,CYDFhadcollectednearly700millionyuanindonations,whichhashelpedtheestablishmentof2,074hopeprimaryschoolsandenabledmorethan1.25milliondropoutstoreturntoschoolclassrooms.她說，截至去年年底，中國青少年發(fā)展基金會已籌集7億元捐款，幫助建立了2074所希望小學，使125多萬失學兒童重返校園?？芍狣項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第六段“TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.北京兒童福利院成立于新中國成立（1949）后不久，目前有400多名兒童?？芍孕轮袊闪⒁詠?，北京福利院接收了400多名兒童，中國政府一直關(guān)心兒童的成長。故C項正確。A項“給每個孩子特特殊關(guān)注”是對原文“What’smoreisthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysgivenspecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed.”的曲解。BD兩項表述有誤。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一句TheywillbetorchbearersfortheChineseTeamfortheupcomingAtlantaOlympicGamesthisyear.他們將成為今年亞特蘭大奧運會中國隊的火炬手?？芍@篇文章寫于亞特蘭大奧運會舉辦的那年，也就是1996年。故B項正確。

5.單選題

Manyyearshad（）beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

問題1選項

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.preceded

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】float漂流；elapse時間流逝；precede領(lǐng)先，在…之前；proceed開始，繼續(xù)進行。句意：許多年過去了，他們才回到原來的城市。這里指時間流逝，所以選項B正確。

6.單選題

Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit（）aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.

問題1選項

A.turnedup

B.turnedin

C.turnedon

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)，折起”；turnin“上繳，出賣”；turnon“打開，發(fā)動”；turnout“結(jié)果是，證明是”。句意：去年夏天我姨媽的貓丟了，但是一周后它出現(xiàn)在鄰村的一戶人家里。選項A符合題意。

7.翻譯題

雨落無聲，記憶擱淺。用心觸摸著那絲絲微雨的柔美，透過時空的壁壘，蒼老的故地，深沉的腳印，朦朧的身影，和那被歲月侵蝕的滿懷柔情，在腦海里徘徊得太過雜亂無章，每當想要細細品味時，卻不知從何道來。于是只能介乎在半夢半醒之間，任滄桑褪盡昔日芳華，孑然一身，譜寫出風花雪月的篇章。人生若只如初見，那冥冥中注定的驚鴻一瞥，定格一瞬間，卻又轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，帶走了無限的想象和無盡的回憶。

【答案】Rainfallssilently,andmemoryisstranded.Thesoftnessofthegentlerainistouchedbytheheartthroughthebarriersoftimeandspace,theoldhometown,thedeepfootprints,thehazyfigure,andthetenderfeelingsthathavebeenerodedbytheyears.Wanderinginthemessymind,wheneverIwanttoponderit,IdonotknowwhereIshouldstart.ThenIcanonlylettheyouthfadewithvicissitudesoflifebetweendreamsandawakenings.Withbeingallaloneintheworld,Iwritearomantictheme.Iflifeisonlyasitwasatthefirstsight,thedestinedglancebecomesafrozenmoment,andthenitpassesawayinaflash,takingawaytheinfiniteimaginationandendlessmemories.

8.單選題

Theconceptofpersonalchoice（）healthbehaviorsisanimportantone.

問題1選項

A.infaceof

B.incaseof

C.inrelationto

D.inchargeof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項infaceof“面對、面臨”；B選項incaseof“假如、萬一”；C選項inrelationto“關(guān)于、涉及”；D選項inchargeof“負責、掌管”，句意：個人選擇與健康行為的關(guān)系是一個重要的概念。個人選擇與健康行為是相關(guān)的關(guān)系，因此選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof（

）tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.

問題1選項

A.exposure

B.exploit

C.explosion

D.exponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。exposure“暴露”；exploit“功績”；explosion“爆炸”；exponent“倡導者，鼓吹者”。句意：人們傾向于忽視接觸化學物質(zhì)的遲延效應(yīng)，因為這些危害不會立刻表現(xiàn)出來。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s—（

）policies.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.economic

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項economical“經(jīng)濟的，實惠的，節(jié)儉的”；B選項economic“經(jīng)濟上的，經(jīng)濟學的，有利可圖的”；C選項economy“經(jīng)濟，經(jīng)濟情況”；D選項economics“經(jīng)濟學”?？崭裉帪樾稳菰~作定語修飾名詞policies，B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：史密斯博士本人雖然不是經(jīng)濟學家，但長期以來一直嚴厲批評政府的經(jīng)濟政策。

11.單選題

They（）thehallwithpictures.

問題1選項

A.adorned

B.ornamented

C.supplied

D.trimmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。adorn“裝飾”，一般指為了“美觀”而裝飾；ornament“裝飾，修飾”，多指比較“浮夸”的裝飾品，通常在描述很大的豪宅時用ornament比較多；supply“提供，供應(yīng)”；trim“修剪，切除”。句中指的是用畫來裝飾大廳，所以選項A更恰當。

12.單選題

Intheprofessionswherewomen（）numerically,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthemtoholdseniorpositions.

問題1選項

A.tolerate

B.integrate

C.predominate

D.accumulate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使...完整；predominate支配，主導，在...中占優(yōu)勢；accumulate累積，積聚。句意：在婦女數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢的職位中，期望她們擔任高級職位也是合情合理的。所以選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Inthelastfewyears,intensivedesignanddevelopmenteffort______totheintroductionofelectronicexchanges.

問題1選項

A.havebeenapplied

B.hasbeenapplied

C.isbeingapplied

D.wouldbeapplied

【答案】A

【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在過去幾年中，密集的設(shè)計和開發(fā)努力已應(yīng)用于電子交換的引進。根據(jù)謂語動詞apply的動作從過去開始發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；根據(jù)主語intensivedesignanddevelopmenteffort是復數(shù)確定用復數(shù)形式，所以A選項havebeenapplied符合題意。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

TheAppleProject,code-named“Titan”,employedseveralhundredpeopleworkingafewmilesfromApple’sheadquartersinCupertino,and（）autoindustryexperts.

問題1選項

A.allowed

B.sponsored

C.gathered

D.recruited

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項allowed表示“允許，承認，接受”，B選項sponsored表示“贊助，發(fā)起，籌款”，C選項gathered表示“聚集，集中”，D選項recruited表示“招聘，雇傭，招募”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空缺處缺少部分為句子謂語動詞。由前文關(guān)鍵信息“employedseveralhundredpeople”可知，后文也應(yīng)表示“招聘了一些自動化專家”，因此本題正確答案為D選項。

15.單選題

Justlikelastyear’ssmartphone,theMate10modelswill________performanceovertimebylearningwhichappsyouuseregularly.

問題1選項

A.optimize

B.substitute

C.legitimate

D.mobilize

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.optimize優(yōu)化，充分利用B.substitute代替，取代

C.legitimate使合法，使正當D.mobilize組織，動員

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“performance（性能）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，表示Mate10這款手機會怎么樣自己的性能，它的方式是“通過了解你經(jīng)常使用的（useregularly）應(yīng)用程序”，由此可知，這樣會使手機的性能更好。optimize指使某物盡可能好或以最好的方式使用某物，因此A選項optimize“優(yōu)化，充分利用”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項substitute“代替，取代”指用某事物取代另一事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項legitimate“使合法，使正當”指使某物或某人合法化，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項mobilize“組織，動員”指組織一群人為達到某一特定目標而共同努力，不能和“performance（性能）”進行搭配。

【句意】就像去年的智能手機一樣，Mate10將通過了解你經(jīng)常使用的應(yīng)用程序，隨著時間的推移來優(yōu)化性能。

16.單選題

Shehasalways（）herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.

問題1選項

A.beenfedupwith

B.beenongoodtermswith

C.gottenaroundto

D.gonealongwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直與自己的鄰居保持著良好的關(guān)系。

語法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”與“hasalways—直”可知此處表示延續(xù)狀態(tài),所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(hasbeen),故排除C，D。befedupwith表示“厭煩”,不是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Beongoodtermswith同某人關(guān)系好,是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。故選B。

17.單選題

Eachmonth5Yuanis（

）frommysalaryforhouse-repairingpayment.

問題1選項

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項exclude“排除”；B選項expel“驅(qū)逐，開除”；C選項compel“強迫”；D選項dock“使靠碼頭，從（工資）中扣除（一部分的錢）”。句意：每個月從我的工資中扣去5元用于修房子。選項D符合句意。

18.單選題

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

問題1選項

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

問題2選項

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

問題3選項

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

問題4選項

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

問題5選項

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因為我們每個人在遺傳能力和表達這些能力的有利環(huán)境方面都有獨特的差異，所以我們必須廣義地定義成功?！庇纱丝芍h(huán)境和能力是成功的必要因素。C項正確。

2.詞義題。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“對一些人來說，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨過自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些內(nèi)心平靜的可憐的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人與家人一起在大自然的美景中享受簡樸的生活。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起來擁有豐富的物質(zhì)財富，他們中的許多人似乎是悲慘的，當以他們自己的成功目標來判斷時，他們認為自己是不成功的?？芍蝗苏J為自己不成功是因為從他們自己的目標來衡量時并不夠富有。故D項正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顧問補充說:“你并沒有真正失敗，也沒有破壞你成功的機會，直到你在你真正喜歡的事情上失敗了，并為此付出了最大的努力?？芍狣項正確。ABC三項與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要第一段講述了成功的定義，第二段和第三段分別舉例說明什么是成功。故A項正確。

19.單選題

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals'seemtobe_______,andtherefore_______externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

問題1選項

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】learned...immuneto學到的不受感染;innate...unaffectedby先天的不受影響;intricate...belongto復雜的屬于;specific...confusedwith特定的混淆。句意：某些動物的行為,如交配儀式,似乎是與生俱來的,因此不受外部因素的影響,如氣候變化,食物供應(yīng),或其他動物相同物種的存在。選項B符合句意。

20.單選題

Long-termwateravailabilityislargelydeterminedbytheaverageconditionsinariverbasin,butitisoftenextremeeventsthatcauseacutewaterinsecurity.

問題1選項

A.occasional

B.constant

C.urgent

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.occasional偶爾的，偶然的B.constant連續(xù)發(fā)生的，不斷的

C.urgent緊急的，緊迫的D.serious嚴重的，有危險的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】acute的意思為“十分嚴重的”，這里指極端事件讓水變得非常不安全，有嚴重的安全問題，serious與之詞義相近，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】長期來說，水資源的可用性在很大程度上取決于流域的平均條件，但往往是極端事件導致嚴重的在水安全方面的問題。

21.單選題

Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().

問題1選項

A.tobeshown

B.tohavebeenshown

C.tohaveshown

D.beingshown

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成；待處理”為固定用法。句意：一些人對研究結(jié)果持謹慎態(tài)度，指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項符合題意。

22.單選題

Thereareavarietyofwaystothinkabouttheself.Twoofthemostwidelyusedtermsareself-conceptandself-esteem.Self-conceptgenerallyreferstothetotalityofacomplex,organized,anddynamicsystemoflearnedbeliefs,attitudesandopinionsthatpeopleholdaboutthemselves,whileself-esteemgenerallyreferstohowwefeelaboutorhowwevalueourselves.Thereisagreatdealofresearchwhichshowsthattheself-conceptis,perhaps,thebasisforallmotivatedbehavior.Itistheself-conceptthatgivesrisetopossibleselves,anditispossibleselvesthatcreatethemotivationforbehavior.Self-conceptisrelatedtoself-esteeminthatpeoplewhohavegoodself-esteemhaveacleardifferentiatedself-concept.Whenpeopleknowthemselves,theycanmaximizeoutcomesbecausetheyknowthatwhattheycanandcannotdo.Itwouldsee,then,thatonewaytoimpactself-esteemistoobeythesomewhatoutwornclineof“Knowtheyself.”

Thereareseveraldifferentcomponentsofself-concept:physical,academic,socialandtranspersonal.Thephysicalaspectofself-conceptrelatestothatwhichisconcrete:whatwelooklike,oursex,height,weight,andwhatkindofclotheswewear.Ouracademicself-conceptrelatestohowwellwedoinschoolorhowwellwelearn.Thesocialself-conceptdescribeshowwerelatetootherpeopleandthetranspersonalself-conceptdescribeshowwerelatetoothersupernaturalorunknownonanemotionalorspirituallevel.

Thoughself-reflection,peopleoftencometoviewthemselvesinanew,morepowerfulway,anditisthroughthisnew,morepowerwayofviewingtheselfthatpeoplecandeveloppossibleselves.Wedevelopandmaintainourself-conceptbytakingactionandthenreflectingonwhatwehavedoneandwhatotherstellusaboutwhatwehavedone.Wereflectincomparisontoourexpectationsandtheexceptionsofothersandtothecharacteristicsandaccomplishmentsofothers.Self-concept,thusisnotinnate,butisdevelopedbytheindividualthroughinteractionwiththeenvironmentandreflectingonthatinteraction.Thisdynamicaspectofself-conceptisimportantbecauseitindicatesthatitcanbemodifiedorchanged.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheideasof“knowthemselves”is（）.

3.Onecanconcludefromthetextthatbydevelopinggoodself-esteempeoplecan（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeidentifiedastranspersonalself-concept?

5.Themostappropriatetitleforthetextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorbelievesmostbehaviorislearned,notinnate

B.theauthordoesn'tbelievethatone'sself-conceptcanchange

C.self-conceptandself-esteemareoftenmistakenforeachother

D.theauthorhasdoubtsabouttheideathatself-conceptsisthebasisforbehavior

問題2選項

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.mixed

問題3選項

A.improvetheirinteractionsimmensely

B.beginimprovingtheirbehavior

C.begintodevelopaclearself-concept

D.correctdeficienciesintheircharacter

問題4選項

A.Ourconceptofhowinterestedandwellwestudysupernaturaltopics.

B.Ourknowledgeofourstrangeintuitionaboutpeoples'feelings.

C.Ourunderstandingofhowwerelatetoagodwebelievein.

D.Ourunderstandingofourrelationshipwithotherpeople.

問題5選項

A.TheCharacteristicsofSelf-Concept

B.TheChangeabilityofSelf-Concept

C.Self-ConceptandSelf-Esteem

D.NewResearchonSelf-Concepts

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)原文第一段中說到theself-conceptis,perhaps,thebasisforallmotivatedbehavior.（自我概念也許是所有動機行為的基礎(chǔ)），最后一段，作者再提到

Self-concept,thusisnotinnate（因此，自我概念不是天生的），由此可知，大多數(shù)的行為都是習得的，并非與生俱來。因此A選項正確。

2.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“...itisthroughthisnew,morepowerwayofviewingtheselfthatpeoplecandeveloppossibleselves.”可知，作者認為，只有了解了自己，人們才能發(fā)展出潛在的自我。所以作者對此的態(tài)度是正面的，積極的。選項B正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段“Self-conceptisrelatedtoself-esteeminthatpeoplewhohavegoodself-esteemhaveacleardifferentiatedself-concept.”可知，選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“thetranspersonalself-conceptdescribeshowwerelatetoothersupernaturalorunknownonanemotionalorspirituallevel.”超個人自我概念描述了我們?nèi)绾卧谇楦谢蚓駥用媾c其他超自然或未知的事物相處。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文可知，本文主要是講自我概念的特征。選項A更符合要求。其他三個選項都只是文中的一部分。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

23.單選題

Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalling（按次序排列成形）ofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth（怠惰）;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar.

Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruning（修剪）bystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.

Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.

Readnottocontradictandconfute（駁斥）；nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.

Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks,elsedistilled（蒸溜的）booksarelikecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit:andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedoesnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile（敏銳的）；naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend（爭論）.

Nay（不），thereisnostoodorimpediment（妨礙）inthewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies,likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins（腎臟）;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheschoolman;fortheyarecyminisectors[splittersofhairs].Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudythelawyers’cases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.

1.Accordingtothepassage,studiesareusefulonallthefollowingoccasionsEXCEPTwhen（

）.

2.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutstudiesistrueEXCEPTthat

（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatwhenyoureadabook,youshould

（

）.

4.Ifapersonwantstoexpresshisideaswithgreateloquence,heshouldreadabookon

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatschoolmanprobablyisa（

）.

問題1選項

A.onegivesaspeech

B.onemakesajudgment

C.oneclassisover

D.oneretiresfromthecrowd

問題2選項

A.scholarsmakejudgmentbasedontheknowledgeobtainedthroughstudies

B.sensiblemencanmakegooduseofthestudiestheyhavepursued

C.artisanslookdownuponstudies

D.asplantsneedpruning,one’sstudyabilitiesneedcultivating

問題3選項

A.agreewiththewriterofthebook

B.refutethewriter’sviewpoint

C.trytofindfaultwiththewriter

D.ponderuponwhatyouhaveread

問題4選項

A.history

B.rhetoric

C.speech

D.publicrelations

問