(新高考)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 語法專項(xiàng)突破 專題1 第1講　謂語動(dòng)詞 (含答案)

第1講謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)Atfirst，XiaoMingdidn’tlike①schoolandwas①addictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherasked①himwhathewasdoing②beforegoingtobed，theanswerwasthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadbeaten③himmanytimesbeforeXiaoMingwenttomiddleschool，soXiaoMingpromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandwouldn’tplaygames.However，XiaoMinghaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.Whenothersaskabouthim，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Heisdoinghomework⑦athome.Hehasbeenstudying⑧forseveralhours.”XiaoMingwillenter⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeafter3yearshewillbestudying⑩inafamousuniversity.①是一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的一般過去式形式。②是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞。③是過去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had＋過去分詞。④是過去將來時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：would＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑤是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：has/have＋過去分詞。⑥是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。⑦是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑧是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑨是一般將來時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑩是將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞。一、詞形變化在時(shí)態(tài)的變化中，動(dòng)詞的形式需要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。動(dòng)詞形式不正確已經(jīng)成為英語寫作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同時(shí)態(tài)中的詞形變化。形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞原形see，finish，teach，touch三單一般情況直接加-slook—lookswrite—writes以-ch，-sh，-s，-x結(jié)尾加-esteach—teachesfinish—finishesguess—guessesmix—mixes以“輔音＋o”結(jié)尾加-esdo—doesgo—goes以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i加-estry—triescry—cries過去式一般情況直接加-edstay—stayedlook—looked以不發(fā)音-e結(jié)尾直接加-ddecide—decidedhope—hoped以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-edstop—stoppedadmit—admitted以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i加-edcarry—carriedtry—tried現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況直接加-inggo—goingread—reading以不發(fā)音-e結(jié)尾去e加-inghave—havingwrite—writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-ingcut—cuttingrun—running二、核心考點(diǎn)高考中通常把時(shí)態(tài)和語境結(jié)合起來考查(常在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中考查)。題干中往往沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，需要考生搜索出時(shí)間參照信息。英語有16種時(shí)態(tài)，中學(xué)階段常用的是10種。1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)常常表示人的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業(yè)。(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。(3)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2．一般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday，lastyear，theotherday等時(shí)間狀語連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。(2)根據(jù)上下文或主從句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我沒有通過考試，這讓我父母很生氣。3．一般將來時(shí)表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或臨時(shí)做出的決定，常用will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow，nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.據(jù)說他將于下月卸任。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1單句語法填空1．Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltell(tell)youthestory.2．Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysitis(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.(2018·全國Ⅰ)3．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclared(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·全國Ⅱ)4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。(2)某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.約翰和姐姐明天早上要?jiǎng)由砣|京。5．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或過去某一個(gè)階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11點(diǎn)正準(zhǔn)備午餐。(2)表示動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那個(gè)男孩正在讀小說時(shí)老師進(jìn)來了。6．將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給我打電話，那時(shí)我們?cè)诔燥?。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)2單句語法填空1．Lisawasworking(work)asanurseinthehospitalwhenIvisitedhermomlastmonth.2．NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.Theywillbeplaying(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3．—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfilling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.7．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個(gè)沒有明確說出的過去時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響?！狪’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對(duì)不起，我沒完全明白你的話。你是說你們打算9月20號(hào)回來嗎？——對(duì)不起，我沒有表達(dá)清楚。我們打算10月20號(hào)回來。(2)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說自上個(gè)月出版以來獲得了許多好評(píng)。(3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，往往有較為明顯的時(shí)間狀語。如already，just，yet，since，for，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在過去的3小時(shí)里我已經(jīng)學(xué)了200多個(gè)英語單詞了。(4)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Ithasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名詞＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我所讀過的最有趣的小說。8．過去完成時(shí)(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來之前我已經(jīng)把手機(jī)收起來了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里跑出來房子就燒塌了。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)3單句語法填空1．Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearned(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaid(say)tomealtogether.(2017·全國Ⅰ)2．Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，Ihavegot(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3．Nosoonerhadwebeen(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.9．過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她說她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道兒子緊接著要說什么。10．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來，他們一直為我們雜志寫稿。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見面。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)4單句語法填空1．—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhavebeenwriting(write)hisessaythereeversince.2．AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathewouldbe(be)afamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchange(change)theworld.考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過去分詞。②是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過去分詞。③是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：hadbeen＋過去分詞。④是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過去分詞。⑤是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/amare＋being＋過去分詞。⑥是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞。⑧是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般將來時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過去分詞。⑨是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的將來完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋havebeen＋過去分詞。⑩是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋bebeing＋過去分詞。1．不及物動(dòng)詞及短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，死了五個(gè)人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。2．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑了。3．漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，構(gòu)成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認(rèn)……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語的關(guān)鍵就是練習(xí)。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據(jù)報(bào)告，近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。4．下面的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來美味但營養(yǎng)不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法聽起來很棒但不切實(shí)際。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前還需潤色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.這些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書很有趣并且賣得不錯(cuò)。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2．Mywashingmachineisbeingrepaired(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，isregarded(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4．Ifyouleavetheclub，youwon’tbeallowed(not，allow)backin.5．Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuitwasruined(ruin)．單句語法填空1．IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI(make)overtheyears.(2019·全國Ⅱ)答案havemade解析根據(jù)該定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語“overtheyears”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。2．TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment(start)asoil-testingprogrammethatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2018·全國Ⅱ)答案started解析根據(jù)上下文可知作者在說2005年發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的一般過去式。3．Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全國Ⅱ)答案wereused解析文章敘述的是過去的事，且主語Steamengines與use為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“蒸汽機(jī)被用來拉動(dòng)車廂”，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4．I(walk)acrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.(2015·湖南)答案waswalking解析根據(jù)語境，句子是was/weredoing...when...固定句型。1．掌握獨(dú)特的時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志(1)題干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)題干中如用yesterday，lastnight，afewdaysago，theotherday等，用一般過去時(shí)。(3)題干中如用tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek等，用一般將來時(shí)。(4)題干中如用now，atpresent等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)題干中如用atthattime，then，atsixo’clockyesterday等，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(6)題干中如用atthistimetomorrow，from1o’clockto3o’clocktomorrow等，用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。(7)題干中如用since，sofar，uptonow，in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2．熟記固定句型中的時(shí)態(tài)(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when后面的句子常用一般過去時(shí)。(2)Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來已……”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句常用一般將來時(shí)。3．分清主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，辨析語態(tài)看到主語為物，且動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，要想到用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。考點(diǎn)三主謂一致1．語法一致原則Ilive①inBeijingwhilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven’t①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyunclesupport④myidea.Someonetells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.該原則要求謂語動(dòng)詞必須與主語在語法形式上保持一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：①根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)，來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。②主語是不定式或動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。③主語是從句，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。④主語后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞跟這些詞前面的主語一致。⑤主語為someone，anyone，everyone等不定代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞往往用單數(shù)。⑥定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。2．意義一致原則Ihavebeentravellingonabudgetforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon’t②understandme，themajorityofpeopleImetonmywayare③friendly.Theolddon’t④supportmycrazybehaviour，buttheyoungadmire④me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheyhavebeenusedtothis.①表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。②“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。③themajorityof，therestof，分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞，要根據(jù)名詞的數(shù)或者是否可數(shù)來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集體名詞，當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3．就近一致原則Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.①here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而且主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。②由or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。1．用and連接的并列主語，如果主語是同一個(gè)人，同一事，同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩人兼作家來了。(一個(gè)人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。(兩樣物)注意：用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，如：breadandbutter(黃油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2．若主語中有morethanone或manya/an，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋thanone作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。3．形復(fù)意單名詞如：news；以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如：physics，mathematics，economics；國名如：theUnitedStates；報(bào)紙名如：theNewTimes；書名如：ArabianNights《天方夜譚》；以及theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語法填空1．Theteacherandpoetoftengives(give)lecturesaroundthecity.2．Two-thirdsofthebooksare(be)aboutscience.3．NobodybutJimandMikeis(be)ontheplaygroundnow.4．AsfarasIknow，hisfamilyisnotverylargebutthefamilyareallmusiclovers.(be)5．Thepoorwere(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.6．NeitherhisparentsnorIam(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.7．Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcertshascaused(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagerssofar.8．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwhowears(wear)eveningdress.單句語法填空1．“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseit(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”(2020·全國Ⅰ)答案means解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)直接引語中的excites可判斷用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語是it，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2．Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)答案is解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語是asmallpart，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；此處說明事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。1.找準(zhǔn)句子中的主語，看主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.牢記特殊用法的結(jié)構(gòu)，用對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。3.注意結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)?？键c(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1．can/couldMary—MNancy—NM：Can①youreadthisword?N：Sorry，Ican’t①.M：Can/Could②Iuseyourdictionary?N：Ofcourseyoucan③，butwaitaminute.Whereismydictionary?M：Can④itbeinyourdormitory?N：No，itcan’t④be.Ineverstudyinmydormitory.M：Couldyouhavelent⑤ittoyourdeskmate?N：No，mydeskmatecouldn’thaveborrowed⑤adictionarybecausehehatesEnglish.ItmightbeinJane’sdesk，butIcan’t⑥touchherbookswithoutpermission.M：Anorganizedpersoncan⑦forgetthings.can/could的意義及用法①can表能力，意為“能夠”。②can表請(qǐng)求，could表示委婉語氣。③can表許可。④can表推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用于疑問句/否定句。⑤couldn’thavedone意為“不可能做過某事”，couldsb./sth.havedone...?意為“某人做過某事嗎？”，表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，用于疑問句或否定句。⑥can’t表示客觀條件不允許。⑦can表示客觀上存在這種可能性但不一定發(fā)生。2.may/mightMike—MTeacher—TM：May/Might①Icomein?T：Yes，youmay②.You’realmostlate，andwhereisyourdeskmate?M：Hmm，Idon’tknow.Hemay/might③beonthewaytoschool.T：Hemight③be；thatis，hemightnot③beonhiswaytoschool.Mike，youmayaswell④tellmethetruth.Whyhasn’thecomeyet?M：Hemighthavestayed⑤uplatelastnight，andhemightnothaveset⑤thealarmclock.may/might的意義及用法①表示請(qǐng)求。②表示許可，不用might。③表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的猜測(cè)，might表示語氣更不肯定。④mayaswell還是……好。⑤mighthavedone表示對(duì)過去的猜測(cè)，意為“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意為“可能沒做某事”，常用于疑問句或否定句。3.mustJane—JMother—MJ：Mom，must①Itakethismedicine?M：Yes，youmust①.J：Must①Itakeitrightnow?M：No，youneedn’t②.Youcantakeitlater.J：Butitmustbe③bitter.M：I’vetoldyoutowearyourcoat，butyoumust④wearyourT-shirt.Besides，youmusthaveplayed⑤outdoors.Youmustn’t⑥doitagain.must的意義及用法①must表必須，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③mustbe表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的猜測(cè)，只用于肯定句。④must表示非要，偏偏。⑤musthavedone表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定做過某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推測(cè)。4.shouldBoss—BJane—JSteven—SB：It’sninenowandeveryoneshould①behere.WhereisSteven?Heshouldhavearrived②tenminutesago.J：Reallystrange，Ican’timagineMrPunctualshould③belateforwork.B：Herehecomes.Whyareyoulate，Steven?S：I’mterriblysorry，sir.Ishouldn’thavedrunk②toomuchcoffeeyesterdayevening.Ikeptmyeyesopenuntilfouro’clockinthemorning.B：Apersonlikeyoushouldn’tdrink④toomuchcoffee，teaeither.S：Yes，Ioughttobepunctualasusual.should的意義及用法①表示推測(cè)，意思為“按理說應(yīng)當(dāng)”。②shouldhavedone意為“本應(yīng)做而沒做”，shouldn’thavedone表示“本不應(yīng)做卻做了”，含有虛擬的意味。③表竟然。④should(not)dosth.＝ought(not)todosth.(不)應(yīng)該做某事。5.shallMan—MWoman—WM：Hi，whereareyougoing?W：Ishall①gotoNewYork.M：Metoo！Oh，yoursuitcaseisheavy.Shall②Icarryitforyou，Miss？(carryingthesuitcasetothewoman’sseatandsittingbesidethewoman)W：Thankyouforhelpingme，butit’srequiredthateveryoneshall③sitonhisownseat.M：Itdoesn’tmatter.W：Stayawayfromme，orIwillcallthepolice.Youshall④besorryforwhatyoudo.Sir，Ineedyourhelp.(wavingtoapoliceman)shall的意義及用法①用于第一人稱，表將要做某事。②用于第一、三人稱疑問句，表請(qǐng)求。③用于第三人稱肯定句，表示按照正式的規(guī)定要做的事。④用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。6.need/dareMike—MJack—JM：Doyoudaretotake①yourcellphonetotheexamination?J：No，Idarenotdo②it；Ineedn’tdo③iteither.M：Youstudywell，soyoudon’tneedtocheat④.Iamdifferent.J：Stopthinkingaboutcheating，andyoucan’tgetawaywithit.Youneedto⑤studyhard.Nopains，nogains.need/dare的意義及用法?dare和need在作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，沒有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常用于疑問句和否定句。疑問句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法第②和③。?dare和need作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常用于肯定句中。如果構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，需要加助動(dòng)詞do/does，且其后要加todo。如用法第①④⑤。?其用法簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)為：有助有to，無助無to。7.will/wouldTom—TMary—MM：Howaboutthenewwatch?T：Iwill①neveruseitanymore.Itjustwon’t②givethecorrecttime.M：Hush！Grandmaissleeping.Shewill③haveanapatthistimethesedays.T：Atnine’clockinthemorning？Shewould/usedto④haveanapintheafternoon.M：Thephoneisringing，butIambusywithmywork.T：Okay，Iwill⑤answerit.will/would的意義及用法①表示意愿。②表示物的屬性。③表示人現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，意為“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示過去的習(xí)慣。⑤表示臨時(shí)起意。1．用于固定習(xí)語中：can’t...too/enough(無論……也不過分；越……越好)Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhencrossingabusystreet.＝Y(jié)oucan’tbecarefulenoughwhencrossingabusystreet.你橫穿馬路的時(shí)候，再怎么小心都不為過/越小心越好。2．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè)(1)musthavedonesth.“(過去)一定做了某事”；語氣比較肯定；用于肯定句中(2)may(might)havedonesth.“(過去)可能/也許做了某事”；語氣不確定；用于肯定句和否定句中(3)can(could)nothavedonesth.“(過去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句和疑問句，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或不確定表示“與過去事實(shí)相反”(1)couldhavedonesth.(過去)本可以做某事但實(shí)際上沒做(2)needn’thavedonesth.(過去)本不必做某事但實(shí)際上做了(3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.(過去)本應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上沒做(4)oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedonesth.(過去)本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了(5)mighthavedonesth.(過去)可能做某事但實(shí)際上沒做點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空(必要時(shí)加not)1．—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hemightnotcome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.2．Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3．Hecan’tbeourmanager.OurmanagerhasgonetoBeijing.4．Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.5．Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Shecouldn’thavespokenatthemeeting.6．Everyonepresentwillnotbelievesuchagentlemanshoulddothat.7．Youmustn’tplaywiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.8．Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.9．Itmusthaverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.10．Ineedn’thavetakentheumbrella，fortheweatherisfine.考點(diǎn)五虛擬語氣1．wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonlyMrZhang—ZMrWang—W(Besidetheriver，MrZhangandMrWangarequiveringasiftheywere①incoldwinter.)Z：IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W：IwouldratherIhadn’tinvited②youtogoout.Z：Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W：Ifonlyyouhadn’tfallen②intotheriver！Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn’tblame③thisonme.asif好像，wish希望，wouldrather寧可，ifonly要是……就好了，這四組詞后的從句往往用虛擬語氣。①對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句謂語用過去式(be的過去式用were)。②對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句謂語用had＋過去分詞。③對(duì)將來的虛擬，從句謂語用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。2.條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣MrZhang—ZWife—W(inthehospital)Z：Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill，Iwouldgofishing.①W：Ifyouhadn’tgonefishingyesterday，youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.②Z：Iwouldhavestayedathome，butMrWanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry，otherwiseIwouldn’thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W：IsitallLaoWang’sfault?Butfor/WithoutMrWang，youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z：Haditnotbeenforthebigfish，Iwouldn’thavefallenintothewater.⑥I’dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦?①②⑦為if條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，從句和主句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬：If＋主語＋did/were...，主語＋would/could/should/mightdo...對(duì)過去的虛擬：If＋主語＋haddone...，主語＋would/could/should/mighthavedone...對(duì)將來的虛擬：If＋主語＋did/should/weretodo...，主語＋would/could/should/mightdo...?⑥為條件虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝，結(jié)構(gòu)為：Had＋主語＋done，主語＋wouldhavedone...Were＋主語＋todo/Would＋主語＋do，主語＋woulddo...?③④⑤為含蓄虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主語＋wouldhavedone...，but過去的事實(shí)主語＋woulddo...，but現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)without/butfor＋n.，主語＋woulddo(與現(xiàn)在相反)without/butfor＋n.，主語＋wouldhavedone(與過去相反)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，otherwise＋主語＋woulddo過去的事實(shí)，otherwise＋主語＋wouldhavedone3.名詞性從句和定語從句中的虛擬語氣Yesterday，Mikeinsistedthathehadn’tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthatheshouldnotbepunished.①Theteacherorderedthatheshouldtakeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthatheshouldphonehisparentsrightnow.①M(fèi)ikerequestedthattheteachershouldnotcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteachershouldgivehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudentsshouldnottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMikeshouldstudyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheshouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④?某些特定的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句常用含有should的虛擬語氣。如①，這類動(dòng)詞包括“一堅(jiān)持”insist，“二命令”order/command，“三要求”require/request/demand，“四建議”suggest/advise/recommend/propose。?上述動(dòng)詞用于Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that從句時(shí)，從句使用帶should的虛擬語氣，如②。?上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表語從句或同位語從句用含有should的虛擬語氣，如③。?Itishigh/abouttimethatsb.did/shoulddosth.也是常見的虛擬語氣形式，如④。4.Itis＋adj.＋thatsb.shoulddo...Englishteacher：Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyoushouldlearnEnglishwell.Student：Why？AsaChinese，IthinkitisstrangethatIshouldlearnEnglishwell.某些Itis/was＋形容詞＋that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，這類形容詞包括important，essential，necessary，strange等等。1．當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說”之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，而使用陳述語氣。(1)Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的笑容表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。(2)Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthatheshouldnotbesenttohospital.這個(gè)老人堅(jiān)持說他沒有病，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該被送到醫(yī)院。2．錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句當(dāng)從句、主句所表示的行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所在的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteacheryesterday，youwouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.如果你昨天聽老師的，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)受這么多苦。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語法填空1．TheAntarcticaissomysticallydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyIhadbeen(be)therebefore!2．Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettled(settle)assoonaspossible.3．Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident；otherwisehewouldhavearrived(arrive)ontime.4．Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rained(rain)tomorrow，theywouldnotgooutforapicnic.5．Ifyouhadtaken(take)myadvice，youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.單句語法填空1．Jimsayswestayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.(2020·天津)答案can解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：吉姆說我們可以住在他的房子里，只要我們保持它干凈整潔。根據(jù)后面的“aslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy”可知，Jim許可我們待在他的房子里，即：我們“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。2．You(not)havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall，hehaddonehisbest.(2020·天津)答案shouldn’t解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone。句意為：你本不應(yīng)該因?yàn)樗憩F(xiàn)不好而責(zé)罵他。畢竟，他已經(jīng)盡力了。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知，此處表示“本不該”，是指做了本不該做的事，故填shouldn’t。3．IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers，I(not，be)whereIam.(2020·江蘇)答案wouldn’tbe解析考查虛擬語氣。句中條件句和主句時(shí)間并不一致，條件是對(duì)過去的虛擬，結(jié)果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，所以要用would＋do。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣解題“兩注意”注意一：若句中謂語動(dòng)詞為原形，在其前設(shè)純空格題時(shí)，注意考慮情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。然后根據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。注意二：一旦判斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，就要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等，特別是注意虛擬語氣中的時(shí)態(tài)。判斷虛擬語氣，除了常見的if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)注意其他常搭配虛擬語氣的句型。層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語法填空1．Itisthefirsttimethatmyson(meet)ZhongNanshan，therenownedChineseherofacetoface.答案hasmet解析Itisthefirsttimethat＋sb.have/hasdone，這是某人第幾次做某事。所以答案為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語為myson，所以填hasmet。2．Thegirl(shake)herheadhappily，andthepotofmilkonherheadimmediatelyfellontotheground.答案shook解析根據(jù)下文“andthepotofmilkonherheadimmediatelyfellontotheground”時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，前后時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致，所以用過去時(shí)。3．Thefatheraswellashiskids(discuss)wheretospendtheweekendnow.答案isdiscussing解析根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語now可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。4．Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.答案areremoved解析根據(jù)句意，此處為客觀事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語為fatandsalt，謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。主語fatandsalt與remove為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填areremoved。5．Thedayaftertomorrow，I，aswellasmyfriendsZhangMingandLiHua，(be)goingtobuybooks.答案am解析句意為：后天，我和我的朋友張明和李華將會(huì)去買書。根據(jù)句意可知此處為begoingto句型，aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就遠(yuǎn)原則，和I保持一致。6．Eitherthebeautifulviewsofthismoderncityoritslocalcustom(attract)thousandsofvisitorsduringthepastyears.答案hasattracted解析句意為：無論是這座現(xiàn)代化城市的美麗景色還是當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在過去的這些年都已經(jīng)吸引了成千上萬的游客。由“duringthepastyears”可知，這句話使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！癳ither...or...”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式與or后主語保持一致，itslocalcustom是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。7．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhich(be)savedforotherpurposes.答案were解析which指代先行詞materials。當(dāng)therest在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞，如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)。如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。本句中的materials是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填were。8．Onthestage(be)anumberoffamoussingers，whosesongsarewelcomedbythemajorityofyoungpeople.答案are解析句意為：有許多著名的歌手在舞臺(tái)上，他們的歌曲受大多數(shù)年輕人的喜歡。anumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，從“whosesongsarewelcomedby...”可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。9．Ifyoulistentorapmusic，youwillnoticehowthelyrics(歌詞)(speak)inthebackgroundofthesongs.答案arespoken解析notice后是一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，該從句中缺謂語，而且thelyrics與動(dòng)詞speak之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知這里講的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。10．Jennyhavekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.答案should解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone。句意為：詹妮本應(yīng)該信守諾言的。我想知道她為什么改變了主意。根據(jù)后一句“Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.”可知，詹妮沒有信守諾言，shouldhavedonesth.“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”符合句意。11．Accordingtoanewlyreleasedregulationononlinevideoservices，noonegenerate，releaseorspreadfakenewsorinformationbyusingsuchtechnologies.答案shall解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：根據(jù)最新發(fā)行的關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻服務(wù)的規(guī)章，任何人都不可以使用此類技術(shù)生成、發(fā)行或者傳播虛假消息。根據(jù)前面的regulation(規(guī)定)可知，本題填入shall更加合理。12．Everycoinhastwosides.Beautifulsongs，sometimes，justbenoisetoothers.答案may解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：任何事物都有兩面性。優(yōu)美的歌曲有時(shí)候?qū)e人來說也許是噪音。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)該表示可能的推測(cè)，故填may。13．Mycomputerdidn’tstartthismorning.Therehavebeensomethingwrongwithit.答案must解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：我的電腦今早怎么也啟動(dòng)不了了。一定是出了什么問題。musthavedone表示對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)。14．Whatapity!Theparentscouldhavesurvivedtheearthquake，they(not，come)backtosavetheirchild.答案had；notcome解析考查省略if的條件句。句意為：真遺憾！如果不是回來救孩子，這對(duì)父母本可以在地震中幸存下來。分析句子可知，此處為if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，與過去事實(shí)相反，從句應(yīng)為：iftheyhadn’tcome...，if可以省略，這時(shí)從句要用倒裝語序，即把had置于句首，從句可寫成“hadtheynotcome...”。15．Hewould(like)torepresenthiscountryinthe1984WinterOlympics，buttherewerealargenumberofcompetitors，andEdwardsdidn’tqualify.答案haveliked解析句意為：他本想代表他的國家參加1984年的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)，但參賽者眾多，愛德華茲沒有獲得參賽資格。根據(jù)本句后面的“Edwardsdidn’tqualify”可知，愛德華茲沒有成功獲得參賽資格，故用“wouldhavedone”虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意思是“本來會(huì)做”。16．Inthelastfewyears，China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.答案hasmade解析根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語“Inthelastfewyears”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。17．Alargepercentageofthepopulationinourcountry(be)farmers.答案is解析根據(jù)句意，此處為客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語是Alargepercentageofthepopulation，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。18．Itwasquitealongtimebeforehe(spot)hisoldteacherinthecrowd.答案spotted解析Itwasalongtime＋before＋sb.did...“過了多久之后才...”為固定句型。19．Thepublicati