英漢互譯翻譯與實踐技巧1-12單元參考答案

英漢互譯翻譯與實踐技巧1-12單元參考答案英漢互譯翻譯與實踐技巧1-12單元參考答案英漢互譯翻譯與實踐技巧1-12單元參考答案英漢互譯翻譯與實踐技巧1-12單元參考答案編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Unit1Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.人生總是有苦有樂,甘苦參半。(人生的道路既鋪滿鮮花,又充滿荊棘.)I’llhaveLisawhereIwanther.我要麗莎去哪里她就得去哪里Hecarriedhisageastonishinglywell.他一點兒都不顯老，面容年輕得令人驚訝。She’dneveragainbelieveanythingintrousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.Hewasadead,hemethisWaterloothistime.他是一個神槍手，可這一次卻遭到慘敗。/他遭遇了滑鐵盧。Nixonwaspleasedbythedistinction,butnotoverwhelmed.尼克松對受到的破格禮遇非常高興，但并沒有受寵若驚。YetChinawasalandofconstantsurpriseandshiftingimpression.而中國是一片令人驚訝、日新月異的土地。Afterthefailureofhislastnovel,hisreputationstandsonslipperyground.、他上一篇小說寫砸了,他的名聲從此岌岌可危.lookedradiant,too,andforthefirsttimegobbledupherdinnerlikealittlepig.索耶太太也容光煥發(fā)，第一次大口大口吃飯，活像一只小豬。Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.他走在送葬隊伍的前頭，還不時有哪個一條大手絹抹去他那鱷魚的眼淚。Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.還是那句老話：物失方知可貴，病時倍思健康。Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlesswegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.當我們年富力強時，死亡幾乎是難以想象的事。我們很少想到死。來日方長，前途無量。于是，我們忙于瑣碎的事物，根本意識不到我們對生命的漠然態(tài)度Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,patabacklightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,bostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.一張賀卡可以溫暖一顆心，握緊一雙手，傾聽肺腑言，輕拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，繚的心癢癢，抹去淚汪汪；它給孩子以驚喜，給戀人一溫存，給新娘以祝福，給路人以歡迎；它可用以揮手告別，高聲喝彩，送上飛吻，也可以平息爭吵，減輕痛苦，提高士氣，解除憂慮，開創(chuàng)一種新風尚。Unit2Needingsomelighttoseeby,theburglarcrossedtheroomwithalightsteptolightthelightwiththelightgreenshade.夜賊需要一點亮光來辨識四周，于是輕步穿過房間，去點亮帶有淺綠色燈罩的燈。Allcitizensinthisnationaresubjecttothelaw.這個國家的全體公民都必須服從法律。Paymentaresubjecttochangeinkeepingwithinflation支付隨通貨膨脹的變化而變化。.Subjecttothefulfilmentofotherformalities,theyshallbegrantedallnecessarypermits.在他們履行其他正式手續(xù)的條件下，可授予他們一切必要的執(zhí)照Beforeitbeginstowork,theyeastissubjecttodisruptioncausedbyfluctuationsintemperature.酵母在發(fā)酵之前，易受溫度起伏變化的干擾。Accessionshallbesubjecttoapprovalofatwo-thirdvoteoftheDirectorsoftheGovernmentBody.就任須得到董事會三分之二以上的成員同意。Samplesaresubjecttoaseriesoftestsinthelab,teobjectofwhichislargelytodeterminethecorrectprocessingmethodstobeadoptedineachcase.樣品在實驗室經過一系列的檢驗，其主要目的在于針對不同情況來決定采用恰當的加工方法。Themechanismotheprocess,slowanddelicate,oftenescapesourattention.這種作用過程既緩慢又微妙，經常逃過微妙的注意。Undercapitalismdrugsandalcoholareusedbysomeasanescapemechanism.在資本主義社會，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避現(xiàn)實的途徑。Butpeopleareapttomarvelataningeniousmechanismandobliteratethemanwhomakesit.但是人們往往對精巧的器械大為驚異，卻忘記了制造它的人。Perhapsthisistheverymechanismofthecreatorsofournationwhoholdthesetruthstobeself-evident.我們國家的締造者們認為這些真理是不言而喻的，或許這正是他們的匠心所在。And,againasaresultofthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,mechanisminphilosophybecameanupstart.隨著現(xiàn)代技術的發(fā)展，哲學中的機械論再度變得盛極一時。Thetwomodelcariantsofthesocialisteconomicmechanismaretobedistinguishedfromthepointofviewofmarketfunction.對于社會主義經濟體制的兩種模式需要從市場功能的觀點來加以區(qū)別。Unit3thepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmoremoreandmore.我對她的仰慕之情與日劇增haslongbeenanenemyofstiltedandpretentiousEnglish.他一向反對矯揉造作的英語audienceattendedtheperformancevariedfromtenstothousand.看演出的觀眾少則幾十人，多則數千人。observershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementyouhavemadeinthisdirection思想獨立的觀察家們對你們這方面所取得的成就給予了很好的評價。wonderthesightofitshouldsendthememoriesofquiteanumberofpeopleoftheoldgenerationbackto36yearesago.難怪老一輩的許多人一見到它就會想到36年前的往事。isabigincreaseindemandforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.目前我國各地對各種消費品的需求量已大大的增加。ofalltheglorioustaleswrittenabouttheforindependencefromBritainthefactishardlyknownthatablankmanwasthefirsttodieforAmericanindependence讀遍了關于美國為擺脫關于英國統(tǒng)治爭取獨立而進行革命的堂皇紀事，也很艱難弄清第一個為美國獨立捐軀的原來是個黑人。buriedmyheadunderthemiserablesheetandrug,andcriedlikeachild我心理十分難受，一頭扎進被單和毯子中，像孩子一樣哭了起來。thiefmadeatremblingconfessionofhiswrongdoing,小偷戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地坦白了所干的壞事。sailorsswarmedintoalaughingandcheeringaroundthetwomen.水手們歡歡樂樂，蜂擁而至，將這兩人圍城一團。enjoythecleanvoluptuousnessofthewarmbreezeonmyskinandthecoolsupportofwater.我喜愛那潔凈的暖風吹拂在我的皮膚上使我陶然欲醉，也喜愛那清涼的流水吧我的身體托浮在水面上。wasatruthofwhichIhadforsometimebeenconsciousthatafigurewithagooddealoffrontagewas,asonemightsay,almostneverapublicinstituin.一段時期以來，我注意到了一條普遍規(guī)律，不妨說，儀表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社會名流。Unit4donotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.海洋與其說是分隔了世界不如說是連接了整個世界。shecameto,shesawsmilingfacesaroundher.她蘇醒過來，看見周圍一張張笑臉。planetweliveonisnotjustaballofinertmaterial.我們居住的星球并不僅僅是一個由惰性物質組成的球體。4,。Thepupiloftheeyerespondstothechangeoflightintensity.瞳孔隨光線的強弱變化而縮小放大。inexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢過度，即成蠻勇，感情過度，即成軟弱，簡約過度，即成貪婪。makethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman..讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆寫使人準確。hostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealths.熱情的主義又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，談啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙個不停。digitalcameraiseasytooperate,versatile,compactandhasapleasingmoderndesign.這種數碼相機操作簡便，功能齊全，結構緊湊，造型美觀。scientifichypothesiscanbeproven-or,perhapsmoreimportantly,disproven-butapoem,apicture,orapieceofmusic,cannot.一條科學假設可以被證實，或被否定，后者可能更為重要。而一首詩，一張畫，或一曲音樂卻不能。makemenwise;poetswitty;mathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.讀史使人明智，讀詩人靈秀，數學使人周密，科學使人深刻，倫理使人莊重，邏輯修飾之學使人善辯。Unit51．Ifyougivehimaninch,hewilltakeamile.你要是遷就他，他會得寸進尺。troubleyourselfwithtroubletilltroubletroublesyou.不要自找麻煩。truejoyofjoysisthejoythatjoysinthejoyofothers.與人同樂才是真樂。isnotentirelyrighttosaythatifthereisfood,leteveryoneshareit.說有飯大家吃并不完全正確。wasnohasteorrestlessnessinhismannerbutapoisedfriendliness.他從容不迫，和藹可親。|他舉止不慌不忙，十分友好。maycauseillnessthatcouldbepassedontoourchildrenandgrandchildren.放射線可以引起遺傳性疾病。capableofcausingdiseaseareknownaspathogenic,ordisease-producinggerms.會引起疾病的細菌稱為致病菌。generations,coalandoilhavebeenregardedasthechiefenergysourcetotransportmenfromplacetoplace.世世代代以來，煤和石油一直被認為是人員運輸的主要能源。9．Patientswithinfluenzamustbeseparatedfromthewelllestthediseaseshouldspreadfrompersontoperson.流感病人必須與健康的人隔開，以免疾病傳播。the18speciesofpenguins,8havechosentheenvironsoftheSouthPoleastheirhabitats.在18種企鵝中，有8種棲息在南極四周。developingcountriescovervastterritories,encompassalargepopulationandaboundinnaturalresources.這些發(fā)展中國家，土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。ordertosurvive,tofeed,clotheandshelterhimselfandhischildren,manisengagedinaconstantstrugglewithnature.為了生存，為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行，人類和大自然不斷進行斗爭。isthebesttimetostudythegrowthoftrees.Althoughtheleavesaregoneandthebranchesarebare,thetreesthemselvesarebeautiful.冬天是研究樹木生長的最好季節(jié)；雖然樹葉落了，樹枝光了，但樹木本身卻很美麗。Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledge,hasgivenmanthepracticalresultofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthecalamitiesimposedbyothers.人類對科學的研究，對知識的尋求，其實際結果是使自己具有抵御天災人禍的能力。Unit6Itiseasytoseewhatweightcanbeovercomeandwhatthrustisnecessarytomaintainflight.要知道應該抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飛行，這很容易。Hewasdumb-foundedatherinsistencethatheexplainwhereeverycentofhisallowancehadgone.她非要他講清楚他的每一分錢都到哪兒去了，他啞口無言。Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關系的話，也是微不足道的。Behaviorist,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandothervantagesthatwhitesenjoy.相反，行為主義者認為，成績的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其他環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldyenturetodefyworldpublicopnionandactarbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑視世界公眾輿論而一意孤行，那他一定是個魯莽之徒。Iwasallthemoredelightedwhen,asaresultoftheinitiativeofyourgovernment,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.由于貴國政府的提議，才得以這樣快地重提訪問之事，這使我感到特別高興。Accountsaregivenofhugemountainssinking,offormerplaiinsseenheavedaloft,offiresflashingoutamidtheruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰噴射，周圍是一片廢墟，這些都有報道。Thepresidenthasalsocalledforanannualmomentofsilenceat8;46time,whenthefirstplanehitthefirsttower.總統(tǒng)也號召每年的這一天，在東部時間8:45，也就是當第一架飛機撞上第一座塔樓的時刻全國默哀。Nowadaysitisunderstoodthatadietwhichcontainsnothingharmfulmayresultinseriousdiseaseifcertainimportantelementsaremissing。如今人們知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物質，也會引起嚴重的疾病。Canyouforgeagainsttheseenemiesinagrandandglobalalliance,NorthandSouth,EastandWest,thatcanassureamorefruitfullifeforallmankindWillyoujoininthathistoriceffort?

你們能不能部分東南西北，建立起一個對付這些敵人的全球聯(lián)盟，以保證全人類享有更為豐富的生活你們是否愿意參與這一歷史的努力Manymorevisitorsthanitcancomfortablyaccommodatepouredintoit,offtheregularsteamers,offcharteredmotorboatsandoffyachts;alldaytheyambledupthetowpath,lookingforwhat?游客太多了，這小地方接待不過來。搭班船的、坐包船的、駕游艇的，一批批涌到，從早到晚，絡繹不絕，漫步爬上纖路。他們想看什么呢？Unit7Onecouldnotbetoocarefulinanewneighborhood.新到一個陌生的鄰里，越小心越好。I'mwiserthantobelievewhatyoucallmoneytalks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所說的金錢是萬能呢。Nothingissobeautifulbutitbetrayssomedefectoncloseinspection.再漂亮的東西，只要仔細觀察，也會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種缺陷。Hewoulddoanythinghewasaskedtodobutreturntohisoldlife.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再過以往那種日子就行。Iknowitisasquarepeginaroundhole;still,itservesafterafashion.我知道此物方枘圓鑿，十分不配；但盡管如此，還是勉強頂用。Africaisnotkickingoutwesternimperialisminordertoinviteothernewmasters.非洲將西方帝國主義踢出國門并不是為了請進其他的新主子。Bothsidesthoughtthatthepeaceproposalwasonetheycouldacceptwithdignity雙方都認為可以不失體面地接受這個和平方案。Allthechemicalenergyofthefuelisnotconvertedintoheat燃料中的所有化學能并非都可以轉化成熱能。AllgraduatesfromtheForeginLanguagesInstitutewillnotbeappointedtodotranslationwork.外語院校的畢業(yè)生并非人人被分配去做翻譯工作。Allthesevariouslosses,greatastheyare,donotinanywaycontradictthelawofconservationofenergy.所有這些能量耗散，盡管很大，卻都和能量守恒定律無矛盾。Allothersourcesofheatbesidesthesunwouldnotraisethetemperatureoftheeatth1/4degreeF.除了太陽的熱源以外，所有其他熱源都不能把地球的溫度升高四分之一華氏度。Notallsoundsmadebyanimalsserveaslanguage,andwehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoveryofecholocationinbatstoseeacaseinwhichthevoiceplaysastrictlyutilitarianrole.動物發(fā)出的聲音并不都起語言作用。只需以發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠的回聲定位這個不同尋常的事為例，我們就能知道聲音起著嚴格的功利作用。Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotorcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofiindependenceandfreedomthatownershipentails.當代社會崇尚汽車的現(xiàn)象其部分原因可以解釋為：一個人有了汽車，便可以自由行動，不依賴他人。Thetargetiswrong,foriinattackingthetests,criticsdicertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedoriincompetentuses.（把標準化測試作為抨擊）目標是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者不考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當。Onemayaswellbeasleeptoreadforanythingbuttoimprovehismindandmorals,andregulatehisconduct.讀書如果不是為了培養(yǎng)才德和端莊品行，還不如睡大覺好。Fewthingsareimpossibleinthemselves：anditisoftenforwantofwill,ratherthanofmeans,thatmenfailofsuccess.事情很少有做不成的；其所以做不成，與其說由于條件不夠，不如說由于缺乏決心。InonebroadcastAnnaRoosevelt,thewifeofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,said,”wecannotbetootiredtowinpeaceifourcivilizationistogoon.”富蘭克林·羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的夫人安娜·羅斯福有一次在廣播中說：“如果想使戰(zhàn)后的文明持續(xù)下去，我們付出多大的艱辛爭取也不過分?！盜tisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.為了搶占地鐵或公交汽車上的最后一個座位，身強力壯的中學生可以把老太太推開，更別提站起來給老太太讓個座了----這對他們來說簡直不算回事兒。他們本不應該這樣做。UNIT8Theoiloftheworldwillhavebeenusedup,andmanwillbeusingthemoreconvenientpowerobtainedfromthesplittingoftheatom.全世界的石油將會用盡，到那時人們將使用通過原子裂變獲取的更為方便的動力。Therearesomeradioactiveisotopeswhichareproducedartificiallybybombardmentofnucleiwithneutrons.有幾種放射性同位素是通過用中子轟擊原子核而人造出來的。Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneissubjectedtoloudcontinuousnoise.應當注意縮短人們在強噪聲環(huán)境中的停留時間。Muchhasbeensaidaboutthecomplexityofembryonicstem-cellresearch.關于胚胎干細胞研究的復雜性已經談的很多了Goodyear,anAmerican,hadbeentryingforyearstofindawayinwhichrubbercouldbemadehard,non-stick,andyetelastic.多年來，一個名叫古德伊爾的美國人一直在努力尋找一種方法把橡膠做的硬而不粘，但卻有彈性。Wearetaughtthatbusinesslettersshouldbewritteninaformalstyleratherthanapersonalone.我們學過，寫商務信件要用規(guī)范的格式，而不能像個人信件那樣隨便。Shetoldmethathermasterhaddismissedreasonhadbeengiven;noobjectionhadbeenmadetoherhadbeenforbiddentoappealtohermistress.她告訴我，男主人已經雇了她。沒有對她說明任何理由，對她的行為也沒提出任何異議。而且不許她向女主人申訴。TheincreasingspeedofscientificdevelopmentwillbeobviousifoneconsidersthatTV,spacecraft,andnuclear-powerships,whicharetakenforgrantednow,wouldhaveseemedfantastictopeoplewhoselivesendedasrecentlyas1920.電視機、宇宙飛船和核動力艦艇對今天的人們來說不是什么新鮮事物，但對于生活于20世紀20年代以前的人來說，卻似乎是不可思議的東西?？紤]到這一點，科學發(fā)展的速度之快就顯而易見了。Therustingofironisoneexampleofcorrosion,whichmaybedescribedasthedestructivechemicalattackofametalbymediawithwhichitcomesincontact,suchasmoisture,airandwater.可以認為，腐蝕狀態(tài)是金屬接觸濕氣、空氣和水等介質后形成的破壞性化學侵蝕，而鐵生銹只是其中的一個例子。Puresciencehasbeensubdividedintophysicalscience,whichdealswiththefactsandrelationsofthephysicalworld,andbiologicalscience,whichinvestigatesthehistoryandmakingsoflifeontheplanet.理論科學分為自然科學和生物科學，前者研究自然界各種事物和相互聯(lián)系，而后者則探討地球上生物的進化歷史和形成條件。Ithasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestockofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly.Studentsarerequestedtoremindthemnselvesoftherulesoftheborrowingandreturningofbooks,andtobearinmindtheneedsofotherstudents.Penaltiesforoverduebookswikkinthefuturebestrictlyenforced.近來我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本館的圖書庫存正在急劇下降，此事令人關注?，F(xiàn)提醒大家注意借書還書規(guī)則，別忘了其他同學也需要借閱。今后將嚴格執(zhí)行借書規(guī)則，凡逾期不還者將照章處罰。Acurrentsearchofthefilesindicatesthattheletterisnolongerinthisbureau’spossession.Itisnotedthattheletterwasreceivedtwomonthsago,andafterstudy,returnedtoyourviewoftheforegoing,itisregrettedthatyourofficehasnorecordofitstheletterisfound,itwouldbeappreciatedifthisbureauwasnotifiedatnoce.最近找到了卷宗，發(fā)現(xiàn)本局并無此信。根據記錄，該信于兩個月前收到，經研讀已寄還貴處。照此看來，貴處似無收信的記錄，甚為遺憾。如能查明此信，請即通知本局，不勝感激。Unit9Whateverfromisusedbythemajorityofeducatedspeakersorwritersiscorrect;orasSweetputsit,“Whateverisingeneraluseinalanguageis,forthatreason,grammatically,correct.”大多數受過教育的人說話或寫作時使用的英語就是正確的英語，或如斯威特所說：“凡是語言中廣泛使用的說法（僅僅這一理由）都可以認為在語法上是正確的。HeboaststhataslaveisfreethemomenthisfeettouchBritishsoilandhesellsthechildrenofthepooratsixyearsofagetoworkunderthelashinthefactoriesforsixteenhoursaday.他吹噓說，任何奴隸一踏上英國的土地就獲得自由，而他卻出賣窮人家六歲的孩子到工廠干活，每天十六小時，受盡鞭打責罵。Itisflatteringtobelievethattheyaretooprofoundtobeexpressedsoclearlythatallwhorunmayread,andverynaturallyitdoesnotoccurtosuchwritersthatthefaultiswiththeirownmindswhichhavenotthefacultyofprecisereflection認為自己的思想深奧，不可能表達得很清楚，讓任何人都能理解，這是一種虛榮的念頭。這樣的作家當然不會想到，問題還是出在自己腦子缺乏精確思考的能力。Itisnotthatthescaleintheonecases,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.這并不是說，使用磅秤和使用天平這兩種情況在構造原理或工作方式上存在什么差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計量上更準確的多。Thereareseveralreasonswhyhenolongerappearstobethemagiciantheworldpresshadmadehimouttobe,anillusionwhichhefailedtodiscouragebecause,ashewouldadmithimself,hehasatendencytowardmegalomania.全世界報界曾經把他渲染成魔術師一般的人物，他也沒有阻止人們制造這種錯誤印象，因為他自己也承認有一種自大狂的傾向?，F(xiàn)在他也不再像是這樣一種人物了，這里有幾個原因?！?butsincewhatusedtoseemtothegreatmajorityofcivilizedhumanitytheassuranceofanotherlifebeyondthegravehascometoseemtomoreandmorepeoplelesscertain,afeelingforthevalueofhumanlifehasbecomedeeperandmorewidespread.但是對于絕大多數受過教育的人過去所深信的所謂人死后另有生命，現(xiàn)今這種觀念已經為越來越多的人所懷疑，所以人們對生命的價值認識越來越深刻，其范圍也越來越廣。HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatwasobviouslya“stepup”towardwhatallAmericansarethoughttowantwhentheygrowup:moneyandpower.

所有美國人受的教育是長大后應該追求金錢和權力，而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個目標“邁進”的工作，他為之大為解。Hepouredintohiswritingallthepainsofhislifeandtheconvicionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseup.他在作品里傾訴了自己一生的痛苦和這種痛苦給他帶來的一種信念，認為如果受剝削的階級奮起反抗，世界就會變得更美好。Therehaslongbeenasuperstitionamongmarinersthatporpoiseswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemindefensiveformation.很久以來，海員中有一種迷信，認為海豚會把快四的人推到水面把他們救起，或者在溺水人周圍形成防御隊形，保護他們不受鯊魚傷害。Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業(yè)生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員。Forexample，theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality，andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.例如：測試并不彌補明顯的社會不公；因此，它們不能說明一個物質條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會有多大才干。Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對待人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。Unit10Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisiter.美國人的許多風俗習慣似乎令初來乍到的游客費解。Theysawthefirstglimmeringsofthe“neweconomicorder”forwhichmanyThirdWorldcountrieshavelongbeenclamoring.他們看到了許多第三世界國家長期呼吁的“經濟新秩序”的一線曙光。Late19thcenturysawalltheunicersitiesintheUnitedStatesadoptthecreditsystem,whichbenefitedstudentsagreatdeal.19世紀末，美國所有大學已實行學分制，學生們從中受益匪淺。Eachdaywemakechoicesthataffectourlivesandsometimesthelivesofothers.我們每天都要做出選擇，其選擇結果會影響自己的生活，有時也影響別人的生活。Whileatamueum,onecanfrequentlyrentasmallrecordingmachinethatwilleplaintheobjectsondisplayasyoumovethroughthemuseum.在博物館參觀的時候，常常可以租用一個小錄音機，一面參觀，一面聽有關展品的錄音解說。Thefireseasontakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge.勉強躲過洪水劫難的財物，又在火災多發(fā)期被吞噬了。Incountrieswherepeopleremaininonetownorcityformostoftheirlives,thesocialcustomsarequitedifferent.有些國家的人民幾乎終生未離開過某一鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或城市，所以其社會風俗大不相同。Infact,manyAmericanswhocouldaffordtohireacookordriverdonotemploythem.其實，許多美國人都花得起錢請廚師，雇司機，但他們不那么做。PriviteschoolsintheUShaveawiderangeofprogramsthatareofferedtomeettheneedsofcertainstudents.美國私立學校開設的課程很多，以滿足某些學生的各種需求。Nowtheintegratedcircuithasreducedbymanytimesthesizeofthecomputerofwhichitfromsapart,thuscreatinganewgenerationofportableminicomputer.現(xiàn)在集成電路成了計算機的組成部分，使計算機的體積大大縮小，從而產生了新一代的袖珍式微型計算機。Afewstarsareknownwhicharehardlybiggerthantheearth,butthemajorityaresolargethathundredsofthousandsofearthscouldbepackedinsideeachandleaveroomtospare;hereandtherewecomeuponagiantstarlargeenoughtocontainmillionsofmillionsofearths.人們所知道的幾個恒星并不比地球大多少，但絕大多數恒星卻非常巨大，每個星球容納成千上萬個地球還綽綽有余。我們不時可見大得足以容納億萬個地球的巨星。Thereisnothingmoredisappointingtoahostesswhohasgonetoalotoftroubleorexpensethantohaveherguestsointerestedintalkingpoliticsorbusinesswithherhusbandthathefailstonoticetheflavorofthecoffee,thelightnessofthecake,ortheattractivenessofthehouse,whichmaybethechiefinterestandpride.最令女主人失望的是，她花了許多心神和費用來招待客人，可是這位客人只顧津津樂道地與她丈夫談政治，談生意，卻沒注意到香噴噴的咖啡，松軟的糕點，或房間內講究的陳設，而這些卻可能是她最感興趣并最引以為榮的東西。Unit11WhenZhouEnlai'sdooropenedtheysawaslendermanofmorethanaverageheightwithgleamingeyesandafacesostrikingthatitborderedonthebeautiful.周恩來的房門打開了。他們看到了一位身材修長的人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，稱得上英俊。InexpressiblewastheastonishmentofthelittlepartywhentheyreturnedtofindthatMr.Pickwickhaddisappeared.當這一小伙人回來發(fā)現(xiàn)皮克威先生不見了的時候，那驚愕之態(tài)簡直無法形容。WhenItrytounderstandwhatisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwpcauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.為什么如此多的美國人不能如想象中那樣幸福呢？我認為原因有二，而兩者之間又有深淺之分。Theassertionthatitwasdifficult,ifnotimpossible,forapeopletoenjoyitsbasicrightsunlessitwasabletodeterminefreelyitspoliticalstatusandtoensurefreelyitseconomic,socialandculturaldevelopmentwasnowscarcelycontested.如果一個民族不能自由地決定其政治地位，不能自由地保證其經濟、社會和文化的發(fā)展，要享受其基本權利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。這一論斷，在那時幾乎無可置疑。Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthe19thcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisitfoundfre