語(yǔ)法填空之科普篇-高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

語(yǔ)法填空之科普篇（含參考答案與原文翻譯）/r/n為什么人愛(ài)追求新鮮感/r/n、多巴胺、/r/n二十大閉幕時(shí)為什么要演奏《國(guó)際歌》？/r/n語(yǔ)法填空1為什么人愛(ài)追求新鮮感/r/nWealllikenoveltyinonewayoranother.It'sactuallyhardwiredintomybrain—andyours—toappreciateandseekoutnovelty.There/r/ni/r/ns/r/n1._________/r/nregioninourmidbraincall/r/ned/r/nthesubstantianigra/ventralsegmentalareaorSN/VTA.Thisisessentiallythemajor"noveltycenter"ofthebrain,/r/n2._________/r/nrespondstonovelstimuli.TheSN/VTAis/r/n3._________(/r/nclose/r/n)/r/nlinked/r/nto/r/nareasofthebrain/r/n4._________(/r/ncall/r/n)/r/nthehippocampusandtheamygdala,bothofwhichplaylargeroles/r/n5._________/r/nlearningandmemory./r/n/r/nThehippocampuscomparesstimuliagainstexistingmemories,whiletheamygdalarespondstoemotionalstimuliand/r/n6._________(/r/nstrengthen/r/n)/r/nassociatedlong-termmemories./r/n/r/nTheyshowedthesubjectsimagessuchasindoorandoutdoorscenesandfaceswithoccasionalnovelimagesthrownin./r/n/r/nTheexperiment/r/n7._________(find)/r/nthattheSN/VTAwasactivatedbynovelimages—thatis,brandnewimagesthathadn'tbeenseenbefore.Imagesthatonlyslightlydeviatedfrommorefamiliaronesdidn'thave/r/n8.________/r/nsameeffect,andneitherdidimageswithstronglynegativeemotionalcontextsuchascar/r/n9._________(/r/ncrash/r/n)/r/norangryfaces.Thedopaminepathwaysareactivated/r/n10._________/r/nweareexposedtonovelty./r/n語(yǔ)法填空2多巴胺/r/nDopamineisaneurotransmitterandchemicalmessengerthat1.__________(send)messagesbetweenneuronsinthebrain.Notonlydoesitcontrolmentalhealthandemotionalresponses,2._________physicalreactionsaswell.3.________particular,dopamineisafeel-goodhormoneresponsibleforexperiencing4.__________(happy).Animalstudiesaroundthebrain's5._________(react)tonoveltyhavesuggestedincreaseddopaminelevelsinthecontextofnovelty.Sothebrainreactstonoveltybyreleasingdopamine6.__________makesuswanttogoexploringinsearchofareward.Dr.EmrahDüzelsaidthisabout7.__________noveltymotivatesus:/r/n“/r/nWhenweseesomethingnew,weseeithasapotentialforrewardingusinsomeway.Thispotentialthatliesinnewthingsmotivatesus8._________(explore)ourenvironmentforrewards.Thebrainlearnsthatthestimulus,oncefamiliar,hasnorewardassociated9.________itandsoitlosesitspotential.Forthisreason,only10._________(complete)newobjectsactivatethemidbrainareaandincreaseourlevelsofdopamine./r/n”/r/n語(yǔ)法填空3二十大閉幕時(shí)為什么要演奏《國(guó)際歌》？/r/nTheweek-long20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)concluded1._________SaturdayinBeijing.ThistraditiondatesbacktoJune1923,2._________theThirdCPCNationalCongressconcludedattheHuanghuagangRevolutionaryMartyrs'CemeteryinGuangdongprovinceandthedelegates3.__________(sing)/r/nTheInternationale/r/ntogetherinmemoryofdeadrevolutionaries.QuQiubai,4.__________earlyCPCleaderandarevolutionaryhero,translatedthelyrics5._________ChineseanditwaspublishedinXinqingnian(LaJeunesse),amagazineconsideredtobeatthecenteroftheNewCultureMovement,justfivedaysbeforethecongress.Sincethen,playing/r/nTheInternationale/r/natthe6.__________(conclude)oftheCPCNationalCongress7.__________(become)atradition.WithlyricsbyEugènePottierandcomposedbyPierreDeGeyter,/r/nTheInternationale/r/npraisesthenobleidealsandspiritofthe8._________(soldier)oftheParisCommune.IthasbeenadoptedastheanthemoftheproletariatandwaspassedontoChinainthe1920s.WhentheThirdCPCNationalCongress9._________(hold),therewerearound420CPCmembersinChina,now,thenumberhasgrown10._________over96million.Throughouttheyears,/r/nTheInternationale/r/nhasremainedabeaconofidealsfortheCPCmembersinChina./r/n參考答案1/r/n1.a/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n2.which/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n3.closely/r/n /r/n /r/n4.called/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n5.in/r/n6.strengthens/r/n /r/n /r/n7.found/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n8.the/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n9.crashes/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n10.when/r/n我們都喜歡追求新鮮感，事實(shí)上，我們的大腦天生就會(huì)欣賞和追求新鮮事物。人的中腦（midbrain）存在一個(gè)黑質(zhì)致密部/中腦腹側(cè)被蓋區(qū)（SN/VTA）。它是人腦的“新奇中心”，會(huì)對(duì)新刺激做出反應(yīng)。該區(qū)域與大腦中的海馬體（hippocampus）和杏仁核（amygdala）區(qū)緊密相連，后兩者在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶中發(fā)揮著重要作用。海馬體負(fù)責(zé)將新刺激與已有記憶比較，而杏仁核則對(duì)情緒刺激做出反應(yīng)，并加強(qiáng)相關(guān)長(zhǎng)期記憶。研究人員用功能性磁共振成像技術(shù)（fMRIimaging）觀察人的大腦對(duì)新奇事物的反應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑質(zhì)致密部/中腦腹側(cè)被蓋區(qū)（SN/VTA）會(huì)被以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的新圖像激活，而比較熟悉的圖像和帶有強(qiáng)烈負(fù)面情緒的圖像，如車禍或憤怒的面孔，則不會(huì)引起類似反應(yīng)。在我們接觸到新鮮事物時(shí)，多巴胺（dopamine）神經(jīng)路徑就會(huì)被激活。/r/n參考答案2/r/n1.sends/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n2.but/r/n /r/n /r/n3.In/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n4.happiness/r/n /r/n /r/n5.reaction/r/n6.which/that/r/n /r/n /r/n7.how/r/n /r/n /r/n8.toexploring/r/n /r/n /r/n9.with/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/pletely/r/n多巴胺是一種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)和化學(xué)信息物質(zhì)，能夠在大腦神經(jīng)元之間傳遞信息。這種物質(zhì)不僅能控制心理健康和情緒反應(yīng)，還能控制身體反應(yīng)。特別的是，多巴胺是一種讓人感覺(jué)良好的激素，能夠產(chǎn)生幸福感。關(guān)于大腦對(duì)新奇事物反應(yīng)的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，處于新奇環(huán)境中時(shí)，多巴胺水平會(huì)上升。因此，大腦對(duì)新事物的反應(yīng)就是釋放多巴胺，從而激勵(lì)我們?nèi)ヌ剿?、尋找?jiǎng)勵(lì)。關(guān)于新鮮感是如何激勵(lì)我們的，埃姆蘭·迪澤爾博士解釋道：“當(dāng)我們見(jiàn)到新事物時(shí)，我們視其為潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。這一可能性促使我們?nèi)ヌ剿鳝h(huán)境，以尋得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。而一旦這樣的刺激是我們所熟悉的，那么大腦就會(huì)知道，這不是獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，也不存在未知的可能。因此，只有全新的事物才能激活中腦區(qū)域，提高我們的多巴胺水平?！?r/n參考答案3/r/n1.on/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n2.when/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n3.sang/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n4.an/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/o/r/n6.conclusion/r/n /r/n /r/n7.hasbecome/r/n /r/n /r/n8.soldiers/r/n /r/n /r/n9.washeld/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n10.to/r/n10月22日，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)