考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedamagetohiscarwas______;therefore,hecouldrepairithimself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.appreciable

C.negligible

D.invisible

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.considerable相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的B.appreciable（大得）可以覺(jué)察到的，足以認(rèn)為重要的

C.negligible微不足道的，不重要的

D.invisible看不見(jiàn)的，隱形的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“因此他可以自己修理”可知，他的汽車(chē)損壞是非常小的，因此該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】他的汽車(chē)損壞很小，因此他可以自己修理。

2.單選題

Sandisfoundinabundanceontheseashoreandisoftenblowninlandtoformsandhillsanddunes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atrandom

B.athightide

C.indrymounds

D.ingreatquantities

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inabundance表示“大量的”。A項(xiàng)atrandom“胡亂地，隨便地”，B項(xiàng)athightide“處于高潮中”，C項(xiàng)indrymounds“在干土堆中”，D項(xiàng)ingreatquantities“大量”。句意：海灘上有大量的沙子，經(jīng)常被吹到內(nèi)陸形成沙丘和沙山。根據(jù)題意該題選D。

3.單選題

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。auction“拍賣(mài)，競(jìng)賣(mài)”；sample“品嘗，體驗(yàn)”；enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)迫”；wrap“包，纏繞”。句意：在這里你可以選擇最合你口味的，在做決定之前，你甚至可以品嘗他們。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知這里提及的是一種食物，然后可推知在決定購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前可以品嘗。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Mr.Smith（

）withthegovernmentforthirty-sevenyearsbythetimeheretires.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.willbeworking

D.willhavebeenworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中“by+thetime”可知，這里應(yīng)為完成時(shí)，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；Mr.Smith和work之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.單選題

（）herfamousfamily,VictoriaBeckhambroughtasexyvisionoffall/wintertoNewYorkrunawayshowSundayandconfidedplanstoopenasecondstoreinAsia.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Confrontedwith

B.Acquaintedwith

C.Supportedby

D.Cheeredby

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空缺處為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)Confrontedwith表示“面臨，面對(duì)”，B選項(xiàng)Acquaintedwith表示“熟悉，了解，與……相識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)Supportedby表示“由……支持”，D選項(xiàng)Cheeredby表示“受到……的喝彩”。由后文關(guān)鍵信息“confidedplanstoopenasecondstoreinAsia”可知，維多利亞?貝克漢姆在時(shí)裝秀上透露了她要在亞洲開(kāi)第二家店的計(jì)劃。由此可知，她受到了家人的支持，因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

ThehighestmountainpassinEuropeis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of2,473meters

B.at2,473metershigh

C.2,473highmeters

D.2,473metershigh

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。表示某物的長(zhǎng)、高、寬時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的表達(dá)是“名詞+be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)量+形容詞”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為beof結(jié)構(gòu)，后面一般跟抽象名詞，表示“某物/某人具有某種品質(zhì)、性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)”；B項(xiàng)介詞at使用不正確；C項(xiàng)meters應(yīng)該緊跟在數(shù)字后面。句意：歐洲最高的山脈海拔2473米。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theseinstruments,whichbreakupstructuresonlytoexaminethemmorefully,demonstratehowdetailscanbe（）andseparatedfromthewhole.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amplified

B.magnified

C.exemplified

D.signified

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。amplify“擴(kuò)大，放大”，多指將聲音或者電流放大；magnify“放大”，多指通過(guò)放大鏡等物品將影像擴(kuò)大；exemplify“示例”；signify“表示，意指”。句意：通過(guò)將設(shè)備打開(kāi)而進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的檢查，這些工具展示了如何將細(xì)節(jié)擴(kuò)大并把它們從整體中區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Inthosedays,executiveexpectedtospendmostoftheirlivesinthesamefirmand,unlesstheyweredismissedfor（）toretireattheageof65.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.denial

C.incompetence

D.deduction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)integrity“完整，正直”，B項(xiàng)denial“否認(rèn)，拒絕”，C項(xiàng)incompetence“無(wú)資格，無(wú)能力”，D項(xiàng)deduction“扣除，減除”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dismissed（解雇）可知，只有C項(xiàng)可以成為被解雇的原因。句意：在那些日子里，高管們希望在同一家公司度過(guò)他們的大部分生命，除非他們因?yàn)闊o(wú)能而被解雇，否則他們將在65歲退休。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

由小學(xué)到中學(xué)，所修習(xí)的無(wú)非是一些普通的基本知識(shí)。就是大學(xué)四年，所授課業(yè)也還是相當(dāng)粗淺的學(xué)識(shí)。世人常稱(chēng)大學(xué)為“最高學(xué)府”，這名稱(chēng)容易滋生誤解，好像過(guò)此以上即無(wú)學(xué)問(wèn)可言。大學(xué)的研究所才是初步研究學(xué)問(wèn)的所在，在這里做學(xué)問(wèn)也只算是粗涉藩籬，注重的是研究學(xué)問(wèn)的方法與實(shí)習(xí)。學(xué)無(wú)止境，一生的時(shí)間都嫌太短，所以古人皓首窮經(jīng)，頭發(fā)白了還在繼續(xù)研究，不過(guò)在這樣的研究中確有濃厚的趣味。

【答案】Fromprimarytosecondaryschool,whatwelearnisnothingmorethansomebasicknowledge.Evenduringthefouryearsofuniversity,thecoursesarestillquitesuperficial.Auniversityhasoftenbeenmisleadinglyregardedasthehighestseatoflearning,asiftherewerenothingmoretolearnbeyondit.Theresearchinstituteofauniversityistheplaceforthepreliminarystudyofknowledge,andthestudyhereisonlyaroughone,focusingontheresearchmethodandpractice.Learningisanendlessprocess,andone’slifeistooshort.Thatiswhysomeancientpeoplecontinuedtostudyevenwhentheywerehoary-headed.Theyweremotivatedbyanenormousinterestintheirstudies.

10.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質(zhì)，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質(zhì)，特性。句意：他年輕時(shí)的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊(duì)，而且對(duì)他的妻子也是一樣。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.todemandequalrightsforwomen

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成為一種?！眀ut在這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前面的內(nèi)容都是在講美貌所帶來(lái)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此可以推斷，liability指的是不利條件。A選項(xiàng)misfortune“不幸，災(zāi)禍”；B選項(xiàng)instability“不穩(wěn)定”；C選項(xiàng)disadvantage“不利條件”；D選項(xiàng)burden“負(fù)擔(dān)，責(zé)任”。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近，所以正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此，一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，但一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征。”由此可以推斷，傳統(tǒng)的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因?yàn)槲υ鰪?qiáng)了女性所需要的特質(zhì)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“結(jié)果顯示,有吸引力的男性完全擊敗了沒(méi)有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性總是得到最少的選票?！庇纱丝芍?，當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí)，吸引力對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)并不是一件好事，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的”；B選項(xiàng)prejudiced“懷有偏見(jiàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)old-fashioned“過(guò)時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)radical“激進(jìn)的”。文章內(nèi)容首先介紹了人們對(duì)美的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，然后介紹了人們認(rèn)為具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多來(lái)自運(yùn)氣，而不是能力；當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí)，具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人們對(duì)于美的看法通常是帶有偏見(jiàn)的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章第一段最后句就講到了美貌可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)不利因素，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容也主要是圍繞這一話題展開(kāi)，所以作者寫(xiě)本文的目的主要是討論吸引力帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

12.單選題

Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally（）becauseofthebadweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setoff

B.brokeoff

C.wornoff

D.calledoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A:setoff“出發(fā)；（使）開(kāi)始”；B:brokeoff“突然停止”；C:wornoff“磨損”；D:calledoff“取消”。句意：原定于上星期五舉行的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，由于天氣不好，最終取消。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，可知D為正確答案。

13.翻譯題

眾所周知，愛(ài)是幸福生活的關(guān)鍵所在。愛(ài)幫助我們?cè)跁r(shí)事艱難的時(shí)候保持沉著、平靜的心態(tài)，它能幫我們度過(guò)苦難的時(shí)光。愛(ài)是享受生命中的諸多驚喜，是完全滿足于生活的給予。愛(ài)是幸福生活的鑰匙，愛(ài)是對(duì)他人真摯的祝福。心中有愛(ài)的人讓世界充滿仁慈和儒雅之風(fēng)，讓周?chē)娜烁械桨踩?。他們求同存異，不把分歧?dāng)作歧視或爭(zhēng)端的理由。

【答案】【參考譯文】Asweallknow,loveisthecruxofahappylife.Lovehelpsusstaycalmandsereneevenwhenthingsaretough.Itcancarryusthroughthehardtimes.Loveisenjoyingthesurprisesoflife,andbeingtotallydelightedwithwhatlifegivesyou.Loveisthekeytohappinessanditisarealblessingtoothers.Peoplewholovemaketheworldakindandgentleplaceandotherpeoplefeelsafearoundthem.Theyappreciatedifferencesinsteadofmakingthemacauseforprejudiceorfighting.

14.單選題

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AfterWorldWarII,forinstance,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courtsandemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds—goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace—aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whichismosthelpfulindecidingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

10.Speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredthatmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans（）.

12.Ashortcomingofprotectivelaborlawsthatsingleoutaparticulargroupofworkersforprotectionis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anestimateofthenumberofwomenworkersinfavorofsuchlaws.

B.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcompliancewithsuchlaws.

C.Asurveyoftheactualeffectssuchlawshavehadonwomenworkers.

D.Aconsiderationoftherealintentionsheldbytheadvocatesofsuchlaws.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.makeitlesslikelythatwomenwillbeemployed

B.havelittleimpactofanykindonwomenworkers

C.modifythestereotypesthatemployersoftenholdconcerningwomen

D.increasethelikelihoodthatemployersdenywomendisabilityplans

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.meetminimumlegalrequirements

B.lackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkers

C.coveronlysomecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingwomen

D.paythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirth

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.suchlawsareoftentooweaktobeeffectiveatprotectingthegroupinquestion

B.employer’scompliancewithsuchlawsresultsinincreasedtensionamongworkers

C.suchlawsexertnopressureonemployerstoeliminatehazardsintheworkplace

D.compliancewithsuchlawsisoftencostlyforemployersconcerned

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.（即使對(duì)法院和雇主的歷史實(shí)踐進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的考察，也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些法律的結(jié)果是苦澀的：在實(shí)踐中，它們更多的是詛咒而不是祝福。），說(shuō)明調(diào)查這些法律的實(shí)際影響是最有助于決定婦女特殊勞動(dòng)保護(hù)法的價(jià)值的。因此C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查這類(lèi)法律對(duì)女工的實(shí)際影響”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)贊成這種法律的女工人數(shù)的估計(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)雇主遵守這類(lèi)法律的成本的分析”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)這類(lèi)法律的倡導(dǎo)者所持的真實(shí)意圖的思考”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.（最后，僅保護(hù)特殊群體的勞動(dòng)法往往無(wú)法保護(hù)實(shí)際工作中的工人。例如，一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)育齡婦女構(gòu)成生育風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；使用這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的制造商遵守保護(hù)婦女免受這些危險(xiǎn)的法律，拒絕雇用她們。），說(shuō)明保護(hù)女工的特殊勞動(dòng)法并不能保護(hù)她們的權(quán)益，反而會(huì)造成女性就業(yè)的困難。因此A選項(xiàng)“使女性就業(yè)的可能性降低”正確。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)女工影響不大”，C選項(xiàng)“改變雇主對(duì)女性經(jīng)常持有的刻板印象”，D選項(xiàng)“增加了雇主拒絕女性殘疾計(jì)劃的可能性”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“healthinsuranceplans”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.（立法者和法院繼續(xù)允許雇主為雇員提供醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃涵蓋所有已知的人類(lèi)醫(yī)療殘疾，但與懷孕和分娩有關(guān)的殘疾除外。），說(shuō)明醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃涵蓋大多數(shù)常見(jiàn)的疾病，但和女性相關(guān)的除外。因此B選項(xiàng)“缺乏對(duì)女工的特殊規(guī)定”正確。A選項(xiàng)“符合最低法律要求”，C選項(xiàng)“只涵蓋一些影響婦女的常見(jiàn)病癥”，D選項(xiàng)“支付與懷孕和生育有關(guān)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到第三段，第三段首先說(shuō)到Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.（最后，僅保護(hù)特殊群體的勞動(dòng)法往往無(wú)法保護(hù)實(shí)際工作中的工人。），后面又舉了化學(xué)工廠的例子Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.（在這些工廠中，對(duì)男性工人健康的危險(xiǎn)也不能被忽略，既然那些化學(xué)毒素能導(dǎo)致胎兒的生育缺陷或使婦女不育，那么推而廣之，其必然會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)的新陳代謝有害。），說(shuō)明將某一特定勞動(dòng)者群體單列出來(lái)加以保護(hù)的法律并不能解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題，比如化學(xué)工廠對(duì)工人造成的危害依舊存在，因?yàn)檫@些工廠不會(huì)消除化學(xué)毒素的危害，只會(huì)遵守保護(hù)女性避免這些危險(xiǎn)的法律而拒絕招聘她們。因此C選項(xiàng)“這些法律不會(huì)對(duì)雇主施加壓力，使其消除工作場(chǎng)所的危害”正確。A選項(xiàng)“這種法律往往太弱，不能有效地保護(hù)有關(guān)群體”，B選項(xiàng)“雇主遵守這些法律導(dǎo)致工人之間的緊張關(guān)系加劇”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)有關(guān)雇主來(lái)說(shuō)，遵守這些法律的成本往往很高”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

15.單選題

ThenewdocumentaryBullyispowerfulstuff.Trytogetthroughevenjusttheopeningsequencewithouttearingup.Hopefullyitwillwakeupparents,teachers,andschooladministrators.Butlet’salsohopetheyrespondthoughtfullytothisburningfilm,becausetooofteninourrushtoaddressaproblem,Americaneducatorsandpoliticianshaveawell-intentionedoverreactionthatminimizescommonsenseinfavorofblanketsolutions.

ManyschoolsintheUnitedStatesaregenuinelytryingtocurbchild-on-childabuseand,atlonglast,arepayingmoreattentiontothecruel,unpleasantremarks.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatnoteveryunpleasant,orevenadverse,interactionbetweenstudentsconstitutesbullying.Insomeplaces,anti-bullyingpoliciesarenowsoexpansivethattheymakeeye-rollingapunishableoffense,lumpingitinwithotherformsofverbalandphysicalassault.Doingsonotonlytakesaseriousissuetotherealmoftheabsurd,italsodilutestheimportanceofanti-bullyingeffortsingeneral.Ifeverythingisbullying,thennothingis.

Somekidshavealreadyfiguredouthowtoturnthenewsystemonitshead.Insomeschools’zealtoaddressbullying,everyclaimisimmediatelyelevatedbeyondtheclassroomteachertoameetingwiththeprincipal.AparentinCaliforniasaidthatlastmonththatanelementary-schoolbullybeganthreateningtoreporthervictimsasbulliessotheywouldhavetosufferthroughsuchameeting—andineffectcreatingabullyinghallofmirrors.

We’vebeenherebefore.Weaponsanddrugsinschoolsareaseriousproblem,too.Inresponse,schooldistricts,states,andthefederalgovernmentbegantofavorzero-tolerancepolicies.Inshortorder,“zero-tolerance”policiesbecamethejokingpointforlate-nightcomicsaskidsweresuspendedforbringingtoschoolaspirin,acnemedicine,oraG.I.Joedollwithasmallplasticgun.

Theobviouslessonthereandwithbullyingisthatthereisnosubstitutefordiscretionandjudgmentbytheadultsincharge.Insomecircumstances,eye-rollingcouldbeabusivebehaviorjustasaspirincanbeusedorabused.Butadultsshouldn’tgiveupthehardroleofmakingnuancedjudgmentcallsbycreatingridiculouslyrigiddisciplinecodes.Replacingthoughtlessinactionwiththoughtlessactionwon’tsolvetheproblem.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople’sreactiontobullying?

2.Whatisthestrategyofthekidsindealingwithanti-bullyingpolicies?

3.The“zero-tolerance”policiestowardsdrugsandweaponsendedupbeing（）.

4.Theword“there”inthefirstlineofthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywakeupthoughtfully.

B.Theydemonstratelittlecommonsense.

C.Theyattachimportancetothefilm.

D.Theygotoofar.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toassaulttheprincipalatthemeeting.

B.Toturntheclassroomintoawallofmirrors.

C.Topayattentiontokids’verbalremarks.

D.Torenderthemineffectivebyabusingbullying.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.elevated

B.suspended

C.ridiculed

D.condemned

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.witheye-rollingandpunishableoffenses

B.withverbalandphysicalassault

C.withaspirinandacnemedicine

D.withdrugsandweapons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...Americaneducatorsandpoliticianshaveawell-intentionedoverreactionthatminimizescommonsenseinfavorofblanketsolutions.”因?yàn)樵谖覀兗庇诮鉀Q問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中,美國(guó)教育家和政客往往出于善意,反應(yīng)過(guò)度,而忽略了有利于全面解決方案的常識(shí)。所以選項(xiàng)D（他們反應(yīng)過(guò)度）符合原文。選項(xiàng)B是選項(xiàng)D產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somekidshavealreadyfiguredouthowtoturnthenewsystemonitshead.”有些孩子已經(jīng)想出辦法如何顛覆這個(gè)新系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)本段的例子也可以看出,孩子們恃強(qiáng)凌弱使得系統(tǒng)失去效率。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后一句““zero-tolerance”policiesbecamethejokingpoint.”零容忍政策成為了一個(gè)笑柄。選項(xiàng)C與原文意思相近。

4.根據(jù)原文可知,前面兩段分別講了校園欺凌和毒品武器的問(wèn)題,最后一段總結(jié)這兩種事件給人們帶來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。所以there指的是持有毒品和武器,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

16.填空題

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate（靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)）todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持續(xù)的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.（當(dāng)我們的人口在2000年開(kāi)始時(shí)超過(guò)了60億，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有幾十種動(dòng)物和植物滅絕，包括100多年來(lái)第一個(gè)滅絕的靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物。）可以看得出動(dòng)植物物種都在減少，因此題干錯(cuò)誤。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.（沒(méi)有特定的事件可以直接歸咎于全球變暖，洪水和干旱將會(huì)更頻繁和嚴(yán)重。）可以看出目前并沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明是人口增多引起的，因此題干錯(cuò)誤。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.（在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，人類(lèi)盡其所能控制自然。我們?cè)诤恿魃现?，砍伐森林，耗盡土壤。）通過(guò)這句話可以得出題干是正確的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.（新世紀(jì)的目標(biāo)是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。這有可能嗎?這取決于我們對(duì)人類(lèi)是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持續(xù)發(fā)展指的并不是題干所說(shuō)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將充分利用自然資源”，而是人類(lèi)要意識(shí)到自己要和大自然共同發(fā)展，因此題干錯(cuò)誤。

5.根據(jù)全文來(lái)看，作者一直都是在說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的惡劣，以及人類(lèi)的責(zé)任重大，需要和自然好好相處，因此作者的意圖就是希望大家重視環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題。題干表達(dá)正確。

17.單選題

Thetwogovernmentsarecompletelyin______onthequestionsofpreservingpeace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.accord

C.conversion

D.dissertation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)paradox“矛盾”，B項(xiàng)accord“符合，一致”，C項(xiàng)conversion“轉(zhuǎn)換”，D項(xiàng)dissertation“專(zhuān)題，論文”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息onthequestionsofpreservingpeace“在維護(hù)和平的問(wèn)題上”，結(jié)合空格前面的in，可知填入accord符合語(yǔ)境，inaccord固定搭配，表示“符合，一致”。句意：兩國(guó)政府在維護(hù)和平的問(wèn)題上意見(jiàn)完全一致。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.slight輕微的，少量的B.periodic間發(fā)性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句句意“太陽(yáng)偶爾會(huì)沖破云層”，可以推測(cè)劃線單詞intermittent應(yīng)該表示“間歇性的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因?yàn)殛囉晔菙鄶嗬m(xù)續(xù)的，所以太陽(yáng)偶爾會(huì)沖破云層。

19.單選題

（）hewasintheUnitedStatesasstudentstudyingcomputerscience,butinrealityhewasspyingonSiliconValleyfirmsforGunDapSystems,hisemployer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Disingenuously

B.Discretely

C.Officiously

D.Ostensibly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。disingenuously“不誠(chéng)實(shí)地”；discretely“離散地”；officiously“過(guò)分殷勤地，非官方地”；ostensibly“表面上，外表”。句意：表面上他在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，但實(shí)際上，他是在為他的雇主GunDapSystems監(jiān)視硅谷的公司。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inorder“整齊，秩序井然”，B項(xiàng)inplace“適當(dāng)，在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩保珻項(xiàng)inneed“在危難中，在窮困中”，D項(xiàng)introuble表示“處于不幸中”。句意：在沒(méi)有明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下，醫(yī)院的管理人員有時(shí)會(huì)不知所措。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。hastens“催促，加速”；releases“釋放，發(fā)表”；devises“發(fā)明，圖謀”；initiates“發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起”。句意：如果貓?jiān)絹?lái)越靠近嘲鶇的巢，它將會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)一系列行動(dòng)去保護(hù)它的后代。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Thesubjectofsafetymustbeplacedatthetopofthe___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agenda

B.bulletin

C.routine

D.timetable

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)agenda“議程；日常工作事項(xiàng)；日程表”；B選項(xiàng)bulletin“公告，公報(bào)”；C選項(xiàng)routine“常規(guī)，慣例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套動(dòng)作；（計(jì)算機(jī)）例行程序”；D選項(xiàng)timetable“時(shí)間表；時(shí)刻表；課程表”。句意：安全問(wèn)題必須放在議程的首位。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Mr.Liisthepresent（

）ofthepresidentialchairofthecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.prescription

C.professor

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:李先生現(xiàn)任公司總裁。

transaction交易；事務(wù)；辦理。prescription藥方；指示；慣例。professor教授；教師。incumbent在職者；現(xiàn)任者。

24.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incredible“難以置信的”；B選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的、不輕信的”；D選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷漠的、不關(guān)心的”，句意為：當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)意外的消息時(shí)，他覺(jué)得不可思議，但我最終說(shuō)服了他。A選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此選A。

25.單選題

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vivacious“可愛(ài)的，活潑的”；B選項(xiàng)perilous“冒險(xiǎn)的，危險(xiǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)introverted“內(nèi)向的，不喜歡交往的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢(qián)的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。

26.翻譯題

新的一年才剛剛開(kāi)始，你就發(fā)現(xiàn)很難堅(jiān)持“告別垃圾食品、遠(yuǎn)離沙發(fā)、戒煙”這些新年決心了吧？我們很難改掉壞習(xí)慣是由于生物學(xué)的原因——這些壞習(xí)慣根植于我們的大腦中。

1.這并不是讓人放棄新年決心的借口。了解不健康的習(xí)慣怎樣變得根深蒂固可以啟發(fā)科學(xué)家研究出一些讓好習(xí)慣代替壞習(xí)慣的“技巧”。

諾拉?沃爾科夫博士說(shuō)：“為什么壞習(xí)慣更加頑固？因?yàn)樗軒?lái)即時(shí)的犒賞，而這種即時(shí)犒賞的力量很強(qiáng)大?！?/p>

那么這一點(diǎn)快樂(lè)的感覺(jué)是怎樣轉(zhuǎn)化為一種習(xí)慣的呢？這與一種感知快樂(lè)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)多巴胺有關(guān)。多巴胺使大腦不斷期望得到這種犒賞，從而不斷加強(qiáng)快樂(lè)感與這種行為之間的聯(lián)系，特別是當(dāng)它能從周?chē)h(huán)境中得到正確的暗示時(shí)。

2.

一項(xiàng)“為行為變化買(mǎi)單”的運(yùn)動(dòng)可能會(huì)對(duì)這種聯(lián)系加以利用，在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中，一些公司給雇員提供“即時(shí)報(bào)酬”或是“保險(xiǎn)回扣”，以激勵(lì)他們形成更好的習(xí)慣。不管這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)果如何，研究人員說(shuō)我們的確可以采取某些行為來(lái)對(duì)抗壞習(xí)慣對(duì)大腦的吸引力。

3.那就是，重復(fù)，重復(fù)，再重復(fù)你的新行為，使之成為每天固定時(shí)間的例行活動(dòng)。下決心鍛煉？那就每天早上固定時(shí)間鍛煉，而不要隨意找時(shí)間，這樣會(huì)使大腦最終接受這個(gè)新習(xí)慣。神經(jīng)學(xué)家沃爾科夫也是一個(gè)熱愛(ài)跑步的人，他說(shuō)：“如果你哪天沒(méi)鍛煉，便會(huì)感覺(jué)很糟糕?！?/p>

運(yùn)動(dòng)本身能提升多巴胺的水平，這樣盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)束后你的肌肉感覺(jué)酸痛，但是你的大腦還是會(huì)感覺(jué)良好。

【答案】1.That’snotanexcusetogiveup.Understandinghowunhealthybehaviorsbecomeingrainedcanenlightenscientistsonlearningsometricksthatmayhelpusreplace