考研考博-英語-上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketwhich

A

B

C

dealersinbills,notesandotherformsofshort-termcreditcanbuyandsell.

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofitsown

B.somekind

C.which

D.short-termcredit

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。原句應(yīng)為dealerscanbuyandsellin，需要將介詞in提前，由“in+which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。

試題答案：C;inwhich

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Anyhopeofafountainofyouthtostoppeoplefromgettingolderisalongwayoff,withsciencejustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexgenetic,physicalandhormonalcausesofaging.Butexpertssaidtherewereinterestingtargetsforstudy,includinggenesinvolvedinAlzheimer'sdisease,thehormoneDHEAandtheroleofexercisesinkeepingpeopleyoung.

StevenLambertsandcolleaguesnotedthatlevelsofDHEAweremuchlowerinolderpeople.OnestudyinadultsshowedtakingDHEAtablets“inducedaremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeinginbothmenandwomenwithouthavinganeffectonsex”.OtherstudiesonratsshowedgivingthemDHEAcouldpreventobesityanddiabetes.Buttheysaidmuchmorestudywasneeded.

CableFinchandRudophTanzisaiditwasconceivablethatgeneticengineeringexperimentscouldtransfergenesfromonespeciestoanothertoalterlifespan.However,itseemsunlikelythatafewgenesdeterminethe25folddifferenceinlifespansbetweenratsandhumans.Aninstructiveexampleisthe10-folddifferenceinlifespansoffemaleworkerbeesandqueensofthesamegenotype,whichshowmuchsloweragingduringlifespansofmanyactiveyearsofeggproduction.Thedifference—whatthebeeswerefedasjuveniles.

OneinterestinggeneticcandidatewastheAPOEgene,mutationsofwhicharelinkedwithAlzheimer'sdisease.Oneversionofthisgenedoesseemtobelinkedwithlonglife,althoughmanymorestudiesareneeded.

Forthosewhodonotwanttowait,Lamberts'teamsaidexercisecanbekeytopreventingthefrailtythatagingbrings.Lossofmusclestrengthisanimportantfactorintheprocessoffrailty.Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowedasedentarylifestylegreatlycontributestothis.Supervisedresistanceexercisetrainingcoulddoublemusclestrengthandsignificantlyincreasegaitvelocityandstair-climbingpower.Thisdemonstratesthatfrailtyintheelderlyisnotanirreversibleeffectofaginganddiseaseandcanbereducedandperhapsevenprevented.

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer'sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto（）.

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould（）.

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby（）.

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(inPara.5),thelastword“this”refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenes

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofaging

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodies

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.certainlymakepeopleyounger

B.helpyoulosesomeweight

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdrive

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrength

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.transferringcertaingenes

B.differentstrainsbetweenspecies

C.natureofone'slifelongwork

D.thedietonetakes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.exercisetraining

B.preventionoffrailty

C.lossofmusclestrength

D.processofcuringthedisease.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer’sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto______.1.將阿爾茨海默病作為研究對(duì)象的具體目的是______。

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenesA.找到一種解碼所有人類基因的方法

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofagingB.找出導(dǎo)致衰老的遺傳原因

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodiesC.在人體中找到青春的源泉

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouthD.探討運(yùn)動(dòng)在保持青春中的作用

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“一個(gè)有趣的候選基因是APOE基因，這種基因的突變與阿爾茨海默病有關(guān)。這種基因的一個(gè)版本似乎確實(shí)與長(zhǎng)壽有關(guān)，盡管還需要更多的研究。”，從中可知，APOE基因與長(zhǎng)壽有關(guān)，而該基因的變異與Alzheimer疾病有關(guān)。說明阿爾茨海默病會(huì)造成衰老。所以阿爾茨海默病是為了找出衰老的基因，B項(xiàng)符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“找到一種解碼所有人類基因的方法”中的all太夸張，曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“在人體中找到青春的源泉”表述錯(cuò)誤，研究阿爾茨海默病是為了找出導(dǎo)致衰老的基因，而不是保持青春的基因，曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“探討運(yùn)動(dòng)在保持青春中的作用”與阿爾茨海默病研究無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould______.2.第二段暗示服用脫氫表雄酮片劑______。

A.certainlymakepeopleyoungerA.當(dāng)然讓人更年輕

B.helpyoulosesomeweightB.幫助你減肥

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdriveC.不會(huì)增加性欲

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrengthD.會(huì)像增強(qiáng)身體力量一樣對(duì)健康沒有什么影響

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章第二段，第二句提到“一項(xiàng)針對(duì)成年人的研究表明，服用脫氫表雄酮片可以顯著提高男性和女性的身體和生理健康水平（aremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeing），但不會(huì)對(duì)性生活產(chǎn)生影響（withouthavinganeffectonsex）”，從中可知，服用脫氫表雄酮片對(duì)男女身心健康都有極大的促進(jìn)，但是對(duì)性生活沒什么影響，C項(xiàng)“不會(huì)增加性欲”符合原文。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然讓人更年輕”沒有體現(xiàn)，無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“幫助你減肥”，第二段提到的是“注射脫氫表雄酮可以預(yù)防肥胖和糖尿病”，預(yù)防肥胖不代表可以幫助減肥，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“會(huì)像增強(qiáng)身體力量一樣對(duì)健康沒有什么影響”與原文不符，文中提到服用脫氫表雄酮片可以顯著提高身體健康，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby______.3.在芬奇和坦齊引用的例子中，壽命最有可能受到______的影響。

A.transferringcertaingenesA.某些基因轉(zhuǎn)移

B.differentstrainsbetweenspeciesB.物種間的不同菌株

C.natureofone’slifelongworkC.一生工作性質(zhì)

D.thedietonetakesD.飲食

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段列舉的工蜂和蜂王的例子可知，蜂王在積極地大量產(chǎn)卵期間，生命老化得較慢；這也就是說壽命受到終身工作的影響。C項(xiàng)“一生工作性質(zhì)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“某些基因轉(zhuǎn)移”是基因工程的實(shí)驗(yàn)，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“物種間的不同菌株”沒有提到，無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“飲食”，第二段最后一句提到“區(qū)別在于，蜜蜂幼年時(shí)吃的是什么”，根據(jù)常識(shí)，蜂王幼年時(shí)只吃蜂王漿，而工蜂幼年時(shí)吃花粉等其他蜜蜂食物，所以“蜜蜂幼年時(shí)吃的是什么”決定了它們?cè)谝院蟮墓ぷ髀殬I(yè)將是什么，歸根到底壽命的長(zhǎng)短還是受到終身工作的影響，該項(xiàng)只是解釋蜂王和工蜂的區(qū)別，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(Para.5),thelastword“this”refersto______.4.在第五段的“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”中，最后一個(gè)單詞“this”指的是______。

A.exercisetrainingA.運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練

B.preventionoffrailtyB.預(yù)防衰弱

C.lossofmusclestrengthC.肌力喪失

D.processofcuringthediseaseD.治療疾病的過程

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句“一項(xiàng)針對(duì)老年人的家庭研究表明，久坐的生活方式在很大程度上對(duì)此（this）起了極大作用”，結(jié)合上文“肌肉力量的喪失（Lossofmusclestrength）是衰弱過程中的一個(gè)重要因素”，從中可知，this指的就是上文提到的“肌肉力量的喪失（Lossofmusclestrength）”，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練”、B項(xiàng)“預(yù)防衰弱”和D項(xiàng)“治療疾病的過程”不符合上下文連接，曲解原文。

3.單選題

Ifyoudriveamotorcartothedangerofthepublic,youmaymakeyourself（）aheavyfine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liableto

B.acquaintedwith

C.alertto

D.relevantto

【答案】A

【解析】liableto容易；acquaintedwith熟悉,

了解,

與...相識(shí)；alertto警告；relevantto與...有關(guān)的,

相應(yīng)的。句意：如果你駕駛一輛汽車對(duì)大眾造成了危害,

你有可能會(huì)受到重罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Medicineachieveditssplendideminencebyapplyingtheprincipleoffragmentationtothehumancondition.Ourbodilyillshavebeensplituprelegatedtodifferentexperts:anitchtothedermatologist,atwitchtotheneurologistandifallelsefails,avisittothepsychiatrist.Forthislast,intangiblefunction&thefamilydoctorhasbeentakenoverbythespecialistconfessional.

InIsrael,youqueueatonedeskforacutfinger,atanotherforasprain,andathirdforshock-evenifallthreesymptomsresultedfromoneaccident.InBritain,boththegrowingimportanceofhospitalfacilitiesandthereluctanceofGE.stounittheirresourceshasgonefartowardsmakingthesurgeryababyorcalminganeurotic.

ConsultantsandG.Psbeginthesameway,asmedicalstudentsobligedtocultivatedetachment.Butwhereasfamilydoctorgetsinvolvedintheintimatedetailsofhis“parish”，theconsultantneedonlymeetaspectsofthepatientrelevanttohisspecialty.Themoreheendeavorstospecialize,themoreextraneousphenomenamustbeshutout.Beyondthetokenbedsideexchangesheneednotgo.

Consequently,inasurgicalward,therearenopeopleatall:onlyanappendectomy,atumor,twohernias,anda“terminalcase”(hospitalsavoidtheword“dying”).Tomakeimpersonalityeasier,bedsarenumberedandpatientsareknownbynumbers.Remotenessprovidesthehospitalwithapracticalworkingcode.

Nursestoohaveevolvedtheirowndefensesystem.Sincetheycareforindividuals,theycouldwithdangerouseasebecometooinvolved.Thenursingprofessionhasthereforeperfecteditsowntechniqueoffragmentation,taskassignment”.Thisenablesonepatient’sneedstobesplitupamongmanynurses.Onejuniorwillgodownarowofbedsinsertingathermometerintoarowofmouths.Whethertheownersareasleepordrinkingteaisirrelevant;thejobcomesfirst,inherfinalyear,astudentwillundertakethepre-medicationofpatientsontheatre-list.Shehasbythattimelearnttoseethemasobjectsforinjection,notfrightenedpeople.

Nursingleadersrealizethedrawbacksinthissystem.There-hasbeentalkofgroup-assignmenttolinknurseswithparticularpatientsandgivesomecontinuity.Buttheactualnumberofexperimentscanbecountedononehand.Nurses,astheyoftenplead,touchingly,“areonlyhuman”.Theyshunresponsibilityforlifeanddeath,ifresponsibilityissplitintoakaleidoscopeofurines,itweighslessonanyoneperson.

1.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenursesare（

）.

3.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothewriterstheattemptsbynursingleaderstoimprovethesystem

5.Theword“shun”inthelastparagraphmeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.overpaidanduncaring

B.overworkedandunfairlycriticized

C.overwhelmedandundervalued

D.uncaringbutefficient

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.astepinthefightdirection

B.impressive

C.few

D.flawed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dodge

B.claim

C.appreciate

D.undertake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理。作者通篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員不把病人當(dāng)活生生的人，而只是看成需要處理改善的對(duì)象。故選B。

2.歸納推理。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,護(hù)士們雖然冷漠但是高效。

3.判斷推理。本篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員只把病人看成一個(gè)個(gè)的需要處理改善的對(duì)象而不是有感情的人。因此推測(cè)本題選B項(xiàng)(醫(yī)護(hù)變得冷漠了)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文中倒數(shù)最后一段第二行"Buttheactualnumberof...canbecountedononehand."可以得出答案。

5.詞義題。單詞“shun”所在句句意:他們逃避對(duì)生命和死亡的責(zé)任。shun意為“避免，躲開’，因此選A項(xiàng)dodge(閃開躲開)。

5.單選題

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)override“推翻；不顧；踐踏”；B選項(xiàng)avert“避免，防止；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項(xiàng)reinvigorate“使再振作，使復(fù)興”；D選項(xiàng)ownupto“承認(rèn)；承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，坦白”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，重振歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的途徑在于公私雙方共同參與的合作方式。本句表示“使歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新重振的途徑”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

Thetrampseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumorandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare.EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas,sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame.Hesubmitted,cheerfullyenough,tobeingtakenawaybythepolice.PerhapshehadhadabetterChristmasthanusual.Hewassenttoprisonforsevendays.Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed.Theyhad,inhisopinion,alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision.

【答案】流浪漢似乎是一個(gè)很有幽默感和哲學(xué)氣質(zhì)的人——實(shí)際上流浪漢通常都是這樣的。其他人都在享受圣誕節(jié)，所以他覺得沒有什么理由不讓自己也這么做。他很高興地讓警察把他帶走了。也許他圣誕節(jié)過得比平時(shí)好。他被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄7天。對(duì)于我們的流浪漢吃的食物和飲料，法官?zèng)]有判給連鎖店任何賠償。在他看來，他們已經(jīng)接受了從報(bào)紙和電視上的報(bào)道中獲得了寶貴的免費(fèi)宣傳。

7.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）

manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。retain“保持”；gain“獲得”，指通過努力獲得自己想要的東西；achieve“收獲，獲得”，指憑借長(zhǎng)期的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)；acquire“獲得”，指通過努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。通過分析，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Inmanaginginformationresources,themediummaybethekeytoaneffectivesystem.Themediumisavehicle,atool,oracontainerforholdinginformation;theinformationitselfisthethingofvalue.

Threepopularcategoriesofinformationmediaarepaper,film，andelectronicstoragedevices.Themediachoicemustnotbeviewedasachoiceamongthesethree,however;itmustbeviewedasanopportunitytoselectfromamultitudeofmediapossibilitiesincombinationsthatbuildeffectivesystems.Inmanyinstancesthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementisnotthepersonwhodeterminesthemediuminwhichinformationwillbecreated.Insuchacase,themanagerofafirm’sinformationresourcesfacesachallengeinmakingasignificantcontributiontotheorganization’sobjectives.

Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.Examplesincludekeyingorscanningpaperdocumentstoconvertthemtoelectronicmedia.Otherprocessesconvertelectronicmediafromoneformattoanother.Forexample,diskfilescreatedononesystemmaynotbecompatiblewithanothersystem.Varioushardwareandsoftwarecombinationscanbeusedtoconvertfilestoformatsthatequipmentwillaccept.Forinformationgeneratedwithinorganizations,thisnecessityofmakingsystemscompatiblemaybeeliminatedbycooperativeplanning.However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercisedoverthemediausedtogenerateinformationthatcomestoyourorganizationfromtheoutside.

Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.Forexample,apaperrecordmaybecreatedbecauseofitsportabilityandbecausenospecialequipmentisnecessaryforlaterreferencestothatinformation;electronictransmissionmaybeselectedbecauseitisthefastestmeansofcommunicatinginformation.Afirmmayuseelectronicmailbecauseanetworkalreadyexistsforon-linecomputercommunication.Theadditionalapplicationmaycostlessthanpostagetomailpapermemo.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

2.Thefirstparagraphaimsattellingthereader（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,（）

4.Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,themanagershould（）

5.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MediaSelectioninManagingInformationResources.

B.TheImportanceandNecessityofMediaConversion.

C.ThreeCategoriesofInformationMedia.

D.VariousMeansofCommunicatingInformation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofinformationresourcesmanagement

B.therelationshipbetweenthemediumandinformation

C.thegreatvarietyofmediaforholdinginformation

D.thenumerousresourcesofinformation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.paperisthebeststoragedevice

B.peoplehavethreechoicesinselectinginformationmedium

C.itisbettertoletthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementdeterminethemedium

D.themanagershouldbuildaneffectivesystembyselectingagoodcombinationofdifferentmedia

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.convertallpaperdocumentstoelectronicmedia

B.makemediaconversionwhennecessary

C.controlthemediausedtogenerateinformationbothinsideandoutsidehisorganization

D.useoneformatinprocessinginformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.paperrecordisthemostconvenientmediumforlaterreference

B.electronicmailcostslessthanpostagetomailpapermemos

C.differentmediaforinformationmaybeselectedfordifferentpurposes

D.byusingdifferentmedia，afirmcancreatevariousinformationforitsobjectives

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要是講信息資源管理中的媒介選擇。選項(xiàng)A正確，其余選項(xiàng)都是片面的觀點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知：媒介是一種承載信息的載體、工具或容器；信息本身就是有價(jià)值的東西。所以本段主要是講媒體與信息之間的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Themediachoice...thatbuildeffectivesystems.”媒體的選擇不能被視為這三種選擇之一；它必須被視為一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，從眾多的媒體選擇的可能性組合，以建立有效的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.”為了有效地管理信息資源，可能需要進(jìn)行媒體轉(zhuǎn)換。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.”信息媒體可能被選擇，以滿足在創(chuàng)建和傳播信息時(shí)存在的需要。也就是說不同信息媒體的選擇是出于不同的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

9.單選題

Justrememberonethingthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasty

B.prompt

C.urgent

D.instant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:請(qǐng)只需記住一件事，即輕率的決定經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致痛苦的遺憾。

考查形容詞辨析。hasty匆忙的，倉促而就的，草率的；prompt敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent緊急的，急迫的；instant立即的，緊急的，緊迫的。因此A符合句意。

10.單選題

Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.awfully

B.indicatively

C.crucially

D.ultimately

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)awfully“可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B選項(xiàng)indicatively“指示地，表示地；象征地；陳述地”；C選項(xiàng)crucially“關(guān)鍵地；至關(guān)重要地”；D選項(xiàng)ultimately“最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜劇藝術(shù)可以是，而且往往是極度的嚴(yán)肅，在這一點(diǎn)上很難對(duì)它進(jìn)行分類。結(jié)合此處語境，A為正確答案。

11.單選題

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,unalloyed,objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupplyinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalismtomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthing(withthepossibleexceptionofsuchcarelesswritingsassocietyandclubnews)as“l(fā)ocal”news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahaslocalreactioninmanpowerdraft,ineconomicstrain,interms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.

Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouengageininterpretation,youareenteringroughanddangerouswaters,theswirling(旋動(dòng)的,混亂的)tidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.

Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterortheeditorshallconfinehimselftothe“facts”.Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:Whatarethefacts?And:Arethebarefactsenough?

Astothefirstproblem,considerhowaso-called“factual”storycomesabout.Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspaceallotment(分配,規(guī)定)beingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph).ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeimpact,oronpagetwenty-four,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called“factual”of“objective”story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,inwhichthereporterandtheeditor,callingupontheirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir“newsneutralism”,arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arebothobjectiveratherthansubjectiveprocesses——asobjective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.(Noteinpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachieved,neverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbetheguidetotheobscurenewschannels).Ifaneditorisintentonslantingthenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatpropuphisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbytheplayhegivesastorypromotingittopageoneordemotingittopagethirty.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

2.Thewriterofanarticleselectstenoutoffiftyavailablefactsbecause（）.

3.Theauthorisimplyingthat（）.

4.Theleadsentenceshouldpresentthemostimportantfactbecause（）.

5.Oftheitemslistedbelow,whichonewouldtheauthorconsiderthemosteffectivewayof“slanting”thenews?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.InterpretingtheNews

B.EverythingCounts

C.SubjectiveversusObjectiveProcesses

D.ChoosingFacts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.spaceislimited

B.hiseditorisprejudiced

C.thesubjectisnotimportant

D.hewantstosimplifyacomplexstory

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inwritingafactualstory,thewritermustusejudgment

B.thewritershouldlimithimselftothefacts

C.thewritershouldmakethestoryinteresting

D.editorscontrolwhatthereporterswrite

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwillinfluencethereadertocontinue

B.somereadersdonotreadbeyondthefirstparagraph

C.itisthebestwaytowrite,accordingtotheschoolsofjournalism

D.itdetailsthegeneralattitudeofthewriter

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Limitingthelengthofparticularstories.

B.Presentingbarefactswithnoindicationoftheirrealsignificance.

C.Placingthestoryinainconspicuouslocationinthenewspaper.

D.Concentratingon“l(fā)ocal”newsasopposedtoworldnews

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是對(duì)新聞的解讀,選擇事實(shí)以及主觀和客觀的過程都是屬于解讀新聞的,所以選項(xiàng)A最恰當(dāng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.”可知,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C是記者在原文中明確提及,只有選項(xiàng)D是作者在第四段的時(shí)候暗指的。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段“Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph).”這是一個(gè)重要的決定,因?yàn)樵S多讀者讀完第一段就不會(huì)繼續(xù)讀下去了。選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句,如果一個(gè)編輯想要歪曲新聞,他可以用其他方法,比解讀更有效。他可以通過選擇那些支持他借口的事實(shí)來做到這一點(diǎn)。或者,他也可以通過他講述的故事來做到這一點(diǎn)——把它提升到第一頁,或者降低到第三十頁。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.單選題

Every___hasbeentakentoevacuatethestrandedsailorsfromHurricaneBetty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleasure

B.measure

C.pressure

D.leisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pleasure“快樂；希望；娛樂；令人高興的事”；B選項(xiàng)measure“測(cè)量；措施；程度；尺寸”；C選項(xiàng)pressure“壓力；壓迫，[物]壓強(qiáng)”；D選項(xiàng)leisure“閑暇；空閑；安逸”。句意：已采取一切___疏散貝蒂颶風(fēng)中擱淺的水手。本句表達(dá)“采取措施疏散水手”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游覽當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行計(jì)劃。

考查名詞辨析。expedition遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn);excursion遠(yuǎn)足，短程旅行;exploration探測(cè)；proposition命題，提議。根據(jù)“當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E”可知四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】previously以前，預(yù)先；predominantly主要地，顯著地；practically實(shí)際地，事實(shí)上；permanently永久地。句意：在美國，超過三分之一的華人居住在加州，主要居住在舊金山。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,know（1）personalexperiencehowdifficultthisreallyis.Formorethanayear,Iwas（2）hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollarsadayinvestingthemarket.Itseemedsoeasy.Idreamedof（3）myjobattheendoftheyear,ofbuyingasmallapartmentinParis,oftravelingaroundtheworld.Butthesedreams（4）toasuddenanddramaticendwhenastockI（5）,Texascellularphonewholesaler,fellbymorethan75percent（6）aoneyearperiod.Onthe（7）day,itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.Therewasrumorthecompanywas（8）salesfigures.ThatwaswhenIlearnedhowquicklyWallStreet（9）companiesthatmisrepresentthe（10）.Ina（11）,Isoldallmystockinthecompany,paving（12）margindebtwithcaseadvancesfrommy（13）card.BecauseIownedsomayshares,I（14）asmallfortune,halfofitfrommoneyIborrowedfromthebrokeragecompany.Onemonth,Iama（15）,thenextaloser.Thisonebiglosswasmyfirstlessoninthemarket.

Myfatherwasstockbroker,aswasmygrandfather（16）him.(Infact,hefoundedoneofChicago’searliestbrokeragefirms.)Butlikesomanythinginlife,wedon’tlearnanythinguntilwe（17）itforourselves.Theonlywaytoreallyunderstandtheinner（18）ofthestockmarketistoinvestyourownhard-earnedmoney.Whenallyourstocksaredoing（19）andyoufeellikeawinner,youlearnverylittle.It’swhenallyourstocksarelosingandeveryoneisquestioningyourstock-picking（20）thatyoufindoutifyouhavewhatittakestoinvestinthemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.from

D.by

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.spending

C.selling

D.buying

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.losing

B.retiring

C.getting

D.quitting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.turned

B.came

C.went

D.seemed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.owed

C.rented

D.sold

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.by

C.from

D.with

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.busy

B.slow

C.worst

D.fast

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.cheating

B.exaggerating

C.announcing

D.beating

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.punishes

B.defeats

C.tells

D.shows

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.trade

B.truth

C.lie

D.lies

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.despair

B.worry

C.panic

D.moment

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.off

C.over

D.up

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.identity

C.identification

D.loan

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.won

B.lost

C.gained

D.found

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.winner

B.champagne

C.genius

D.mentor

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.before

C.for

D.and

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.remember

B.live

C.imagine

D.experience

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.workings

B.innings

C.price

D.shares

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.great

C.much

D.up

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.facility

B.faculty

C.ability

D.power

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】第1題:考查介詞詞義辨析。at和in表示“在（地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所；時(shí)間；空間）”；by“通過；被；依據(jù)；經(jīng)由”；from“來自；從；由”，表示“從當(dāng)中知道”時(shí)，know應(yīng)該與介詞from搭配，句意：從個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道這有多難。故正確答案為C。

第2題:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。making“做；使得”；spending“花費(fèi)”；selling“賣”；buying“買”，根據(jù)dollars“美元”可知此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來與之搭配，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)詞表示“花費(fèi)”的意思，句意：我每天在市場(chǎng)上投資成百上千美元。故正確答案為B。

第3題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。losing“輸?shù)簟保籸etiring“退休”；getting“得到”；quitting“停止”，根據(jù)上下文可知作者妄想通過炒股賺錢，實(shí)現(xiàn)人生夢(mèng)想。根據(jù)oftravellingaroundtheworld“環(huán)球旅行”，可知此處表達(dá)的是作者辭掉工作，這樣才有時(shí)間環(huán)球旅行。句意：我夢(mèng)想在年底辭掉工作。故正確答案為D。

第4題:考查固定搭配。turned“轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；使旋轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)彎；翻過來”；came“來；開始；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；變成；到達(dá)”；went“走；達(dá)到；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；趨于”；seemed“似乎；像是；裝作”，cometoa...end是固定搭配，表示“導(dǎo)致一個(gè)……樣的結(jié)果”，故正確答案為came。句意：但這些夢(mèng)想突然戲劇性地結(jié)束了。判斷出此處B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。owned“擁有”；owed“欠”；rented“租”；sold“賣”，根據(jù)后文可知此處要表達(dá)的意思是“我擁有的一只股票”，故正確答案為A。

第6題:考查介詞詞義辨析。over“越過；在……之上”；by“通過；被；依據(jù)；經(jīng)由”；from“來自；從；由”；with“用；和；隨著”，此處表達(dá)的是“在一年之中”，此處表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過時(shí)要用介詞over。句意：在一年的時(shí)間里下降了75%以上。由此可知，答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第7題:考查形容詞詞義辨析。busy“忙的”；slow“緩慢的”；worst“最糟糕的”；fast“快速的”，根據(jù)下文可知此處是要選擇一個(gè)形容詞來描述“一天之內(nèi)跌了$15”的一天，這一天肯定是十分糟糕的。句意：在最糟糕的一天，它的股價(jià)下跌了超過15美元。故正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

第8題:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。cheating“欺騙；騙取”；exaggerating“使擴(kuò)大；使增大”；announcing“宣布；訴說”；beating“打；打敗”，根據(jù)rumor“謠言；謠傳”可知此處表達(dá)的是這個(gè)公司的一個(gè)不光彩的動(dòng)作，在salesfigure“銷售數(shù)據(jù)”上夸大了，作假了。句意：有傳聞?wù)f公司在夸大銷售數(shù)字。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。punishes“懲罰”；defeats“打敗”；tells“告訴；分辨”；shows“顯示；說明”，根據(jù)上下文可知該公司因?yàn)樵阡N售數(shù)據(jù)上作假，所以導(dǎo)致其股票價(jià)格不停地下跌，這是華爾街對(duì)這個(gè)公司的懲罰。句意：那時(shí)我才知道華爾街懲罰公司的速度有多快。故正確答案為A。

第10題:考查名詞詞義辨析。trade“貿(mào)易；交易；行業(yè)”；truth“真理；事實(shí)”；lies“謊言”。misrepresent是“歪曲”的意思，所以根據(jù)上文提到的夸大銷售數(shù)據(jù)可知此處應(yīng)該是“歪曲事實(shí)”，故正確答案為truth。

第11題:考查名詞詞義辨析。despair“絕望”；worry“擔(dān)心”；panic“恐慌”；moment“片刻；瞬間”，此處選擇的名詞與Ina搭配，表示的是作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心理狀態(tài)，聯(lián)系上下文，作者在目睹自己的股票在一夜之間下跌15美元之后，心理狀態(tài)應(yīng)該是十分驚慌的，所以他才將股票全部賣出，inapanic表示“驚慌地”，故正確答案為C。

第12題:考查固定搭配。payall“付出一切”；payoff“付清；還清”；payover無此搭配；payup“全部付清”，根據(jù)debt“債務(wù)”可知此處應(yīng)該從payoff和payup兩個(gè)詞組中選擇，payup是不及物的，接名詞時(shí)后面還應(yīng)該加介詞，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇payoff，句意：用預(yù)付款來償還保證金債