考研考博-英語-云南城市建設(shè)職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南城市建設(shè)職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

人們要想得到工作的勝利即得到預(yù)想的結(jié)果，一定要使自己的思想符合于客觀外界的規(guī)律性，如果不符合，就會在實踐中失敗。人們經(jīng)過失敗之后，也就從失敗中取得教訓(xùn)，改正自己的思想使之符合外界的規(guī)律性，人們就能變失敗為勝利，所謂“失敗乃成功之母”，“吃一塹長一智”，就是這個道理。

【答案】Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourworkasyouexpected,youmustmakeyourthoughtsconformtoobjectiveobjectslawsoftheworld.Ifnot,youwouldbefailinpractice.Afterexperiencingfailure,youwouldlearnlessonsfromfailureandadjustyourthoughtstoobjectivelaws.Youcanturnfailureintovictory,whichiscalled“failureisthemotherofsuccess”and“afallintoapit,againinyourwit”.

2.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Dinbox27ontheAnswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Bullying:whatparentscando

B.Bullying:arethemediatoblame?

C.Bullying:thelinkwithacademicfailure

D.Bullying:fromcrisismanagementtoprevention

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章的SectionA-C部分首先對欺凌問題進行了總體介紹和概括，下文對學校欺凌現(xiàn)象進行了討論，主要提到了欺凌對學生帶來的影響，以及學校對欺凌事件的反應(yīng)。SectionD部分對學校的管控和措施進行了介紹。SectionE-F提出了控制欺凌的有效措施和影響?？膳袛喑稣恼轮饕獓@對學校欺凌現(xiàn)象的管理和防止展開。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamakeupexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparents（）atthetime.

問題1選項

A.hadbeenill

B.wereill

C.wouldhavebeenill

D.shouldhavebeenill

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。句子是對過去的虛擬,

但“父母病了”是客觀事實,

故不需要用虛擬形式hadbeen,

直接用過去式即可,

選項B正確。

4.單選題

Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat（

）loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

問題1選項

A.compressing

B.terminating

C.conforming

D.contending

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:這些問題應(yīng)該認真的探討，要充分意識到終止貸款協(xié)議及其他事項是要花成本的。

compress(被)壓緊;精簡;濃縮;壓縮;壓縮(文件等)。terminate(使)停止，結(jié)束，終止;到達終點站。conform順從，順應(yīng)(大多數(shù)人或社會);隨潮流;遵守。contend(尤指在爭論中)聲稱，主張，認為;競爭;爭奪。

5.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay.WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamilyandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethebestwayisthroughpersonalexperience.

Comparetheadvantagesofthesetwodifferentways.Whichdoyouthinkispreferable?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourpreference.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Theelegantdecorations（）thegymintoastarlitballroom.

問題1選項

A.transplanted

B.transferred

C.transcended

D.transformed

【答案】D

【解析】transplant移植,遷移；transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,移交；transcend勝過,超越；transform改變,轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：優(yōu)雅的裝飾把體育館變成了星光燦爛的舞廳。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity-evencomfort-foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays-lackoffoodwarmth,shelter-wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility-insomecasesthepromise-oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested-thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’？

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,layoutunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein（

）

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof（

）.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause（

）.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

問題1選項

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

問題2選項

A.people’soutlookonlife.

B.people’slifestyles.

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues.

問題3選項

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

問題4選項

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture.

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment.

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending.

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan.

問題5選項

A.401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推斷題。本文講的是安然公司員工在商業(yè)歷史上的悲慘命運是經(jīng)濟安全問題的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。

2.細節(jié)題。原文指出:Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory,由此看出,人們在對生活的觀點態(tài)度方面有了一個重大的改變。

3.細節(jié)題。由第七段看出,退休金計劃的改變是政府在福利上削減的組成部分。

4.細節(jié)題。第七段指出:Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall,由此可知,安然公司讓投資者擁有他們公司的股票,因此很多員工選擇安然作為他們投資的唯一選擇。

5.推斷題。第六段指出：Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid,由此可知,A項(401（k）項資產(chǎn)應(yīng)置于多個投資選項中),B項(員工必須自負盈虧)正確。第一段指出:Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems,因此C項(這種情況可能會再次發(fā)生，因為改變?nèi)藗兊南敕ú⒉蝗菀?正確。故選D。

8.翻譯題

在全球經(jīng)濟放緩的情況下，為何大宗商品價格卻在飆升呢？流行的解釋似乎是“投機”。但是，由于投機是無時不在的，這無法解釋為什么現(xiàn)在價格猛漲。另一個流行的解釋是美國大幅放寬貨幣政策。但這很難解釋這樣一個事實：按照歐元計算，油價也在快速上漲。同時，投機也無法解釋那些沒有活躍期貨市場的大宗商品價格的上漲。

(參考詞匯：commodityprices;soar;speculation;ease;monetarypolicy;euro;futuresmarket)

【答案】

Whyarecommoditypricessoaringwhenworldeconomyisslowing?Thepopularexplanationseemstobe“speculation”.But,sincespeculationisalwayswithus,thiscannotexplainwhypricesaresoaringnow?AnotherpopularexplanationistheaggressiveeasingofUSmonetarypolicy.But,thishardlyexplainsthefactthatthepriceofoilisrisingrapidlyevenineuros.Nordoesspeculationexplaintheriseinthepricesofthesecommoditiesthatdonothaveactivefuturesmarkets.

9.單選題

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（）afterthefloodin1991.

問題1選項

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。survive“幸存”；suspend“延緩，推遲”；suffer“遭遇”；subject“使臣服”。句意：在政府幫助下，有很多人在1991年的那場洪澇災(zāi)害中幸存了下來。A項符合題意。

10.單選題

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

問題1選項

A.message

B.theory

C.version

D.comment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項message“消息”；B選項theory“理論，原理”；C選項version“版本，說法”；D選項comment“評論，意見”。句意：每個人對實際發(fā)生的事情都有不同的說法，但她的說法更可信。選項C符合語境。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Acomplexadaptivesystem(CAS)isasystemcomprisedofheterogeneousagentsthatinteractlocallywitheachotherbasedonlocalschema,suchthatthebehaviorofthesystemarisesasaresultoffeedbackrelationshipsbetweentheagents,andthesystemevolvesastheschemataoftheagentsadaptbasedonthefeedback.

Theactualnatureofagentswilldependonthekindofsystemunderconsideration.Forexample,inchemicalsystems,theagentsmaybemolecules,whileinthecaseofacolonyofants,theagentsaretheindividualants.Insocialsystems,theagentsareusuallytakentobeindividualhumanbeingsorgroupsofhumanbeings.Sincetheagentsareabletoadapttheirschemataandtheirbehaviorsbasedonfeedbackthroughtheirinteractionswithotheragents,thesystemhasanadaptivecapability.

TheheterogeneityofagentsisimportantasitaccentuatesthediversityandpluralitythatmakeuptherichnessofCAS,andisespeciallyimportantwhenapplyingCAStosocialsystems.Itisimportanttonotethatnoagentcanunderstandthewholesystem,nordoesanysingleagentorsmallgroupofagentsdirectthebehaviorofthesystem.Thebehaviorofthesystememergesfromtheinteractionofagentsthroughmultiple,nonlinearfeedbackrelationships.

【答案】復(fù)雜自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)(CAS)是一個包括各種各樣的要素所組成的系統(tǒng)，這些要素局部地基于局部模式相互作用，以致該系統(tǒng)的行為由于要素之間的反饋關(guān)系而出現(xiàn)，并且該系統(tǒng)隨著要素模式基于反饋的改變而演化。

要素的本質(zhì)將取決于在考慮中的系統(tǒng)種類。例如，在化學系統(tǒng)中，要素可能是分子，而就一群螞蟻來說，要素是單個的螞蟻。在社會系統(tǒng)中，要素通常被認為是人類個體或團體。由于要素能基于通過它們與其它要素的相互作用而產(chǎn)生的反饋來改變它們的基模，因此該系統(tǒng)有一種自適應(yīng)能力。

要素的異質(zhì)性是重要的，因為它強調(diào)構(gòu)成自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)豐富性的多樣性和多元性，且當將自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)用到社會系統(tǒng)上時，它尤其重要。需要注意的是，沒有要素能夠理解整個系統(tǒng)，或沒有任何單個的要素或小的要素群體管理該系統(tǒng)的行為。該系統(tǒng)的行為來自于要素通過多個非線性反饋關(guān)系而進行的相互作用。

12.單選題

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

問題1選項

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

問題2選項

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

問題3選項

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

問題4選項

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題目提問‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法國悖論”是為了……?！鶕?jù)第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.這已經(jīng)不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處了，1991年呼吁人們注意所謂法國悖論就是其中的一次?！贝_定B選項‘為關(guān)于紅酒的新科學發(fā)現(xiàn)提供更多信息‘正確。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘第1段的最后一句意味著……?！鶕?jù)第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結(jié)，它提出了一個耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因為它味道好，而且我們喜歡它?”確定這里作者想說的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B選項‘只要酒的味道是我們喜歡的，我們就可以直接多喝些‘正確。

3.推斷題。題目提問‘作者的目的是……?！鶕?jù)文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.這不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處。”中的trumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結(jié)，它提出了一個耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因為它味道好，而且我們喜歡它?”可以確定作者的態(tài)度是帶有批評意味的，C選項正確。

4.推斷題。題目提問‘在最后一段，“阿爾茨海默病”是作為一個……例子?！鶕?jù)最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜蘆醇可以延緩衰老過程，預(yù)防許多老年疾病?！迸c第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.幾年前，科學家報告說，白藜蘆醇可能會阻止這種疾病的發(fā)生.”兩句的關(guān)系（前面提出與后面證明）確定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）與第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互對應(yīng)的，所以C選項正確。

13.單選題

Ifnoacquisitionwascognizedasrightfuleveninaprovisionalway（）enteringthecivilcondition,thecivilconditionitselfwouldbeimpossible.

問題1選項

A.anteriorbefore

B.posteriorto

C.priorbefore

D.priorto

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posteriorto“晚于”；priorto“居先”；prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：如果獲取行為被認為是合理的，甚至是以暫時的方式提前申請民用條件，那么民用條件本身變得不可能。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Themembersofthebranchwereindignantthatgovernmenthadplantedtwospiesamongthem.

問題1選項

A.irate

B.indifferent

C.insensible

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項irate“生氣的；發(fā)怒的”；B選項indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的；中等的”；C選項insensible“昏迷的；無知覺的；麻木不仁的”；D選項inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的；能力卓越的；借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”。句意：支部的成員對政府在他們中間安插了兩名間諜感到憤怒。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語plantedtwospiesamongthem“安插了兩名間諜”，可推測支部的成員會對此十分氣憤，得知A選項正確。

15.單選題

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurersandgovernments.

Thebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviorarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviorandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.?

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavorcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviorifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviorofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm，fair,transparent,andconsistent.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?

5.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.

B.Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

C.Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.

D.Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagement