考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南輕紡職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南輕紡職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

GreatBritainusedtobecalledempireonwhichsunneversets.Butitsnavalforcewasalmost（

）duringtheattack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annihilated

B.prohibited

C.diminished

D.empowered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)annihilate“徹底消滅”；B選項(xiàng)prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C選項(xiàng)diminish“減少，縮小”；D選項(xiàng)empower“使自主；授權(quán)”。填入一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，But表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由關(guān)鍵信息navalforce“海軍力量”可知annihilate“徹底消滅”的過(guò)去分詞annihilated符合題意，句意為：英國(guó)曾經(jīng)被稱作日不落帝國(guó)。但它的海軍力量幾乎在進(jìn)攻期間被徹底消滅。故答案選A。

2.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】ThehistoryofblackliberationmovementsintheUSAcouldbecharacterizedasastruggleoverimagesasmuchasastruggleforrightsandequalaccess.However,thecontroloverimagesmetmanysetbacks:itwasconsiderednotasimportantasequalaccess;thepowertosegregatewasmistakenlybelievedbymanyblacksasthegreatestpoweragainstthem;blackpeoplehavemadefewrevolutionaryinterventionsinit;racialdesegregationpartlyledmanyblackpeopletobelessattentivetoit;nationalistblackfreedommovementsoftenonlycaredaboutquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction.

3.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”；C選項(xiàng)competitive“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的”；D選項(xiàng)generalized“普遍的，廣泛的”。根據(jù)Even可知空格與varygreatly的意思相反，因此選B。句意：即使教科書通過(guò)學(xué)校系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，教學(xué)方法也可能有很大的不同。

4.單選題

Iwouldhavecometoseeyouhaditbeenpossible,butI（）sobusythen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeen

B.was

C.were

D.wouldbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用wouldhavedone，從句用一般過(guò)去式，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

He（）meanttogivehisopinion,nottostartanargument.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merely

B.sincerely

C.actually

D.definitely

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他僅僅是打算提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，并非想展開辯論。

考查副詞辨析。merely僅僅；sincerely真誠(chéng)地，誠(chéng)懇地；actually確實(shí)；definitely明確地；確定地。因此A符合句意。

6.單選題

In1906muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthat（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaded

B.ensued

C.encountered

D.emitted

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：1906，舊金山大部分地區(qū)被地震和隨后發(fā)生的火災(zāi)摧毀。因此選B。

7.單選題

Rightinthemiddleofthemayor'sspeechthatbroughtforthvariousreasonsfortherecentsharpriseinprices,anangryvoicewasheardinthecrowd,“thegovernment（

）hanged!”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.be

D.were

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在市長(zhǎng)的演講期間，他提出了價(jià)格最近急劇上漲的原因。人群中傳來(lái)憤怒的聲音：“政府應(yīng)該被絞死”。此處考查的是省略了should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此后面要用be，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.填空題

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并沒(méi)有像氣候模型預(yù)測(cè)的那樣變暖）中的predicted可知此處應(yīng)該是predictions.句意：《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，小型火山爆發(fā)可能是全球變暖速度沒(méi)有跟上之前預(yù)測(cè)的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞。選項(xiàng)中能與atmosphere搭配的形容詞是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（對(duì)地球表面和低層大氣的溫度的影響）符合句意。

68.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)程度副詞修飾little表示“相當(dāng)小”。根據(jù)句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在過(guò)去，研究人員觀察到溫室氣體水平的增加和全球變暖，但在過(guò)去的15年里，地球表面的溫度幾乎沒(méi)有顯示出相當(dāng)小的變暖跡象），可知應(yīng)該填入relatively程度副詞。

69.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法。前面有不定冠詞a和形容詞clear,此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有signal符合。句意：我們所展示的是，即使沒(méi)有任何計(jì)算機(jī)模型計(jì)算，也有明確的信號(hào)表明，這些早期的火山活動(dòng)對(duì)溫度和大氣反射的陽(yáng)光產(chǎn)生了影響。

70.

考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)hasbeenlargely…by判斷，這里是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，需要填動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有ignored是過(guò)去分詞。句意：到目前為止，這種降溫效應(yīng)在很大程度上一直被氣候科學(xué)家所忽視。

9.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decompose“分解,腐爛”;denounce“譴責(zé),告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;deduce“推斷,演繹出”。句意:炎熱地區(qū)的惡劣潮濕天氣會(huì)使植物迅速分解腐爛。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

（）thenewfund-raisingplanisapproved，wewillsoonhavemoremoneytobuildthegymnasium.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Given

C.Unless

D.Evenif

【答案】B

【解析】句意：新的融資計(jì)劃被批準(zhǔn),我們很快就會(huì)有更多的錢建造體育館。given鑒于，考慮到...符合句意。

11.單選題

Therehasnotbeenagreatresponsetothesale,（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesit

B.hasit

C.doesthere

D.hasthere

【答案】D

【解析】Therebe的反義疑問(wèn)句直接用be動(dòng)詞+there。

12.單選題

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C選項(xiàng)specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)convincing“有說(shuō)服力的”。句意：可以想象，這位州長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)真正的解決預(yù)算困境的辦法，但她可能會(huì)被誘導(dǎo)去搞一場(chǎng)騙局：一個(gè)_______的財(cái)政審慎行動(dòng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”搭配deception“騙局”比較合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

DespitetherecessioninBrazil,manyjobhuntersaretakingtheirlastsavingsandinvestinginEnglishlessonsbecausesomany_______employerswantworkerswithaknowledgeofEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevalent

B.proficient

C.prospective

D.prominent

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.prevalent普遍存在的，盛行的B.proficient熟練的，嫻熟的，精通的

C.prospective可能的，潛在的D.prominent著名的，杰出的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞jobhunters，可知這些求職者學(xué)英語(yǔ)是為了找工作，雇主是誰(shuí)還沒(méi)有確定，prospective符合語(yǔ)境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】盡管巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，許多求職者還是把最后的積蓄花在了英語(yǔ)課程上，因?yàn)楹芏酀撛诠椭鞫枷胍獣?huì)英語(yǔ)的員工。

14.單選題

Thosewerethesoldiers（

）tosavethetown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這些士兵的（）是保衛(wèi)城鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)句意答案選A；關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中職能作狀語(yǔ)，不能作主語(yǔ)，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；介詞+whom/which在定語(yǔ)從句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，D選項(xiàng)不符語(yǔ)法，B選項(xiàng)不符題意。而且responsibility一般不與in搭配。

15.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世紀(jì)50年代末，黑客團(tuán)體和麻省理工學(xué)院管理部門之間的關(guān)系可以用______來(lái)描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.關(guān)系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有點(diǎn)不穩(wěn)定的

C.hostileC.敵對(duì)的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“他們把大量的創(chuàng)造力投入到建造和編程MIT早期的大型機(jī)的任務(wù)中，與大學(xué)的技術(shù)人員在不穩(wěn)定但相對(duì)和睦的環(huán)境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，從中可知，20世紀(jì)50年代末，黑客團(tuán)體和MIT之間的關(guān)系是相當(dāng)和睦的。A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“有點(diǎn)不穩(wěn)定的”在文中雖然提及，但并不是重點(diǎn)之處，屬于本末倒置；

C項(xiàng)“敵對(duì)的”與原文相反，反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“非常微妙的”沒(méi)提及，無(wú)中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一項(xiàng)在這段話中是不正確的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計(jì)算機(jī)功能得到了改進(jìn)。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在幾個(gè)方面幫助我們提高了計(jì)算機(jī)的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在過(guò)去，黑客通常被認(rèn)為是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評(píng)價(jià)他們的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段首句“黑客從來(lái)都不是主流機(jī)構(gòu)的一部分，但他們目前作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間惡棍的名聲，與早期的情形相去甚遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)，他們首先被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，能夠近乎奇跡般地完成非正統(tǒng)的機(jī)器操作壯舉?！?，從中可知，在過(guò)去，黑客是被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，且技術(shù)精通；并且本文主要不是講黑客犯罪或其他黑歷史，而是講早前的黑客其實(shí)與現(xiàn)在大不同，C項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去，黑客通常被認(rèn)為是非法的”與全文基調(diào)不符。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計(jì)算機(jī)功能得到了改進(jìn)”和B項(xiàng)“黑客的努力在幾個(gè)方面幫助我們提高了計(jì)算機(jī)的性能”從原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客幫助開發(fā)了用于現(xiàn)有計(jì)算機(jī)功能的硬件和軟件，并發(fā)明了新的算法和應(yīng)用程序，而且還擴(kuò)展了計(jì)算機(jī)的許多功能，他們還將計(jì)算機(jī)操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以該兩項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評(píng)價(jià)他們的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句“……他們堅(jiān)信評(píng)估黑客的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：計(jì)算機(jī)革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常規(guī)的，非傳統(tǒng)的

B.innovativeB.創(chuàng)新的

C.annoyingC.令人討厭的

D.outofdateD.過(guò)時(shí)的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“這種非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并沒(méi)有讓追隨者們反感……”，從中可知，黑客的生活方式是非傳統(tǒng)的。A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新的”、C項(xiàng)“令人討厭的”和D項(xiàng)“過(guò)時(shí)的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)包含在黑客倫理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻礙前進(jìn)的困難的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免費(fèi)獲取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.專注于提高他們的技藝。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“這個(gè)信條包括幾個(gè)要素：承諾免費(fèi)使用電腦和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信計(jì)算機(jī)的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人們的生活以及創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美麗，蔑視針對(duì)自由訪問(wèn)計(jì)算而設(shè)置的障礙（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和堅(jiān)持評(píng)估黑客的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，從中可知，B項(xiàng)“致力于免費(fèi)獲取信息”是包含在黑客倫理里面的。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“克服阻礙前進(jìn)的困難的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志”原文沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“專注于提高他們的技藝”，原文是堅(jiān)持評(píng)估黑客的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明他們要專注于提高技藝，曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量”，原文是“計(jì)算機(jī)的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量，屬于曲解原文。

16.單選題

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobeinthemforthebetterpartoftwomonths.

Sothinkingbackonmyexperienceshere’swhyyoushouldbeokaywithacoupleofdaysofpolarvortex—because1)youcangoinside,and2)becauseitmakesyousmarter—oratleastsmarterthanthewarmweatherdoes.Yep.Goodnewsforthoseincitiesaffectedbythevortex:coldweathercanactuallybereallygoodforyou.Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.AccordingtoanarticlebyAdrianWardthatappearedinScientificAmerican,ittakesmoreenergytocoolyourbodywhenit’shotthanitdoestowarmitupwhenyou’recold.Theenergycomesfromglucose...whichisalsonecessaryforthebrain’smentalprocesses.Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.Quick—everyonegotaketheMENSAtestbeforethetemperaturewarmsupagain!

1.Whatdothemountainstheauthorhasclimbedhaveincommon?

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAntarctica?

3.WhatisnotavailableinthemiddleofAntarctica?

4.Whyiscoldweatherbetterforthebrain?

5.WecanlearnfromthetestthattheMENSAtestisakindof_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheyarealllocatedintheNorthPole.

B.TheyarealllocatedintheSouthPole.

C.Theyhavethesameelevations.

D.Theyareallveryfrigid.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisabout98%waterand2%ice.

B.Thetemperaturestherecanreach128degreecentigrade.

C.Itisthesecondcoldestplaceonearth.

D.ThereisamountaincalledVinsonMassif.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Skilodge.

B.Sled.

C.Supplies.

D.Camera.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseyoucanburnmorefatwhenitiscold.

B.Becauseyoucangoinsideskilodgesandtakeabreakwhenitiscold.

C.Becauseyoucanleavemoreglucoseforthebrainwhenitiscold.

D.Becausetheenergyyouneedforthebraincomesfromice.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.psychiatrictest

B.intelligencetest

C.personalitytest

D.admissiontest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段最后一句話Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.“每一個(gè)山脈和極地探險(xiǎn)都非常不同——除了一件事：寒冷”從這里可以知道答案選D選項(xiàng)“他們都非常寒冷”；A選項(xiàng)“它們都位于北極”，定位到第一段第三句話…h(huán)aveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles…“……曾經(jīng)南極和北極都滑過(guò)……”，從這里可知A屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“它們都位于南極”，見A選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們有相同的海拔高度”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段第五句話…h(huán)avebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassif“……到過(guò)這兩次；有一次去爬文森山”，從這里可知D選項(xiàng)“那有一座山叫文森山”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“大約98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句話Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.“這塊大陸大約98%是冰，2%是巖石”，從這里可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“那里的溫度可以達(dá)到128攝氏度”，定位到第二段第四句話Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.“冬天的氣溫已經(jīng)達(dá)到零下128度”從關(guān)鍵詞below可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句話Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，從這里可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.“南極洲中部沒(méi)有滑雪旅館”，從這里可知答案選A“滑雪旅館”；

B選項(xiàng)“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates…andthecold.“只有你，腰間系著1501b雪橇(包括你所有的裝備和補(bǔ)給)，你的隊(duì)友，還有寒冷”，從這里可知B選項(xiàng)不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)給”，見B選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“照相機(jī)”文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.“所以基本上，在熱的時(shí)候降溫比在冷的時(shí)候升溫需要更多的葡萄糖；這樣就減少了大腦可用的葡萄糖”，從這里可知答案選C“因?yàn)槔涞臅r(shí)候你可以給大腦留下更多的葡萄糖”；

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞臅r(shí)候可以燃燒更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句話Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.“這不僅是因?yàn)槟阍诶涞臅r(shí)候燃燒了更多的脂肪，還因?yàn)槟愕拇竽X在冷的時(shí)候工作得更好”，從這里可知這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞臅r(shí)候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica“南極洲中部沒(méi)有滑雪旅館”，這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槟愦竽X所需的能量來(lái)自冰”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.推理判斷題，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.“因此，我們可以假設(shè)寒冷的天氣對(duì)大腦更好”，這里說(shuō)完冷的環(huán)境對(duì)大腦運(yùn)行有利就趕緊督促別人去考MENS，就說(shuō)明這考試與大腦也就是智力有關(guān)，所以答案選B“智力測(cè)試”；

A選項(xiàng)“心理測(cè)試”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“性格測(cè)試”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“入學(xué)考試”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

17.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfected;hinder

B.exhausted;interest

C.prolonged;require

D.prevented;challenge

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。先看第一空，perfect“使…完美（完善）”；exhaust“耗盡，排出”；prolong“延長(zhǎng)，拖延”；prevent“阻止，妨礙”依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞study和表示程度的totheextent以及整個(gè)句子的意思‘迄今為止，還沒(méi)有任何植物類型或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，人們對(duì)它們的研宄能達(dá)到如此詳盡無(wú)遺的地步，以至于它不再能夠引起生態(tài)學(xué)家的興趣’可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該填“exhausted”；再看第二次，hinder“阻礙，妨礙”；interest“使感興趣，使關(guān)心”；require“要求，命令”；challenge“向…挑戰(zhàn)”；依據(jù)句意可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該填interest,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Iamnot（）withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.compatible

C.considerate

D.complied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的”；B選項(xiàng)compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”；D選項(xiàng)complied（comply的過(guò)去分詞形式）“遵照，順從”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)槲覠o(wú)處可去所以不得不和室友住在一起，由but可知，我和室友應(yīng)該是無(wú)法和諧共處。becompatiblewith為固定搭配，意為“適合，一致”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.單選題

Thesecretary（

）theforeignministerofaninterviewhewastogivethatafternoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reminded

B.reassured

C.consulted

D.insured

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remind意為“提醒，使想起”，remindsb.ofsth.意為“提醒某人某事”；reassure意為“使……安心，打消……的疑慮”；consult意為“商議，商量”；insure意為“保證”。

句意：秘書提醒外交部長(zhǎng)那天下午他要進(jìn)行一次采訪。

20.單選題

His（）keepshimfromtakingpartinsports.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperity

B.punctuality

C.humor

D.sloth

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮，成功”；B選項(xiàng)punctuality“嚴(yán)守時(shí)間；正確”；C選項(xiàng)humor“幽默，詼諧”；D選項(xiàng)sloth“怠惰，懶惰。句意：他因懶散而不參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意“不參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

Wehaveinheritedaworldofrelativeabundance,onewherewecanstillforthemostpartmeetourneeds.Wecanbethankfulforthewisdomofourforebears,whoevidentlytooktheirresponsibilityforthefutureseriously.Yet,imagineaworldwithouttheamazingdiversityofspeciesfromwhichwenowbenefit,aworldwithoutdecentsoiltofarm,airtobreathe,orwatertodrink.Suchaworldisonethatanygenerationcouldinheritifitspredecessordidnotfindwisdominitsresponsibilitytothefuture.

Whatwearetodaydependstoagreatextentuponhowwehavebeenformedbythegenerationsthathaveprecededus.Whenwelooktofuturegenerations,ourpositiontowardthemisanalogoustothepositionofpastgenerationstowardus.Wearethedataoutofwhichthefuturewillbeformed.Whatweareanddotodaywilllimitorcreatetheiroptions,andinthiswayweprofoundlyhelptoshapetheirdestiny.Whatkindofworldweleavetothefutureisessentiallyaquestionofmoralresponsibility.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們繼承了一個(gè)相對(duì)富饒的世界，在這個(gè)世界里，我們?nèi)阅茉诤艽蟪潭壬蠞M足自己的需求。我們應(yīng)該感謝我們祖先的智慧，他們顯然認(rèn)真地承擔(dān)了他們對(duì)未來(lái)的責(zé)任。然而，想象一個(gè)沒(méi)有我們現(xiàn)在受益的驚人物種多樣性的世界，一個(gè)沒(méi)有像樣的土壤可以耕種、沒(méi)有空氣可以呼吸、沒(méi)有水可以飲用的世界，那么在這樣的世界中，如果前輩們沒(méi)有從對(duì)未來(lái)的責(zé)任中發(fā)現(xiàn)智慧，任何一代人都能對(duì)其進(jìn)行繼承。

我們今天是什么樣子，在很大程度上取決于我們的前輩如何塑造我們。當(dāng)我們對(duì)將來(lái)的幾代人負(fù)責(zé)時(shí)，我們對(duì)他們的態(tài)度就類似于過(guò)去幾代人對(duì)我們的態(tài)度。我們是構(gòu)成未來(lái)的“數(shù)據(jù)”。我們今天的狀況和所作所為將會(huì)限制或塑造他們的選擇，而通過(guò)這種方式，我們?cè)谒麄兠\(yùn)形成的過(guò)程中具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。我們留給未來(lái)什么樣的世界，從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，是一種道德責(zé)任的問(wèn)題。

22.單選題

Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.touch

B.reach

C.connect

D.attain

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Touch“接觸，觸摸”；reach“與…..取得聯(lián)系”；connect“連接，聯(lián)合”；attain“取得，獲得”。句意：她試圖通過(guò)電話與他得聯(lián)系，因?yàn)樗泻苤匾南⒏嬖V他。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

23.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.

TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.

TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.

TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.

Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.

InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.

2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.

3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.

4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.

5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事發(fā)生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏遠(yuǎn)美國(guó)公眾的行為清單中沒(méi)有提到的是____。

A.theburningoftheReichstagA.國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀

B.GermanplansforconquestB.德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃

C.NazibarbarismC.納粹暴虐

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教團(tuán)體的迫害

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“對(duì)猶太人的迫害