考研考博-英語-北京化工大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京化工大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（）loudcontinuousnoise.

問題1選項

A.attachedto

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.associatedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配辨析。A選項(be)attachedto“附屬于；系于”；B選項(be)subjectedto“遭受；承受”；C選項(be)filledwith“充滿”；D選項(be)associatedwith“與……有關(guān)”。句意：應注意縮短人們……連續(xù)噪音的時間。從句中的主語是one“人”，賓語是loudcontinuousnoise“響亮不間斷的噪音”。人對噪音是難以忍受的，所以需要縮短人們承受噪音的時間。因此B選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問題2選項

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問題3選項

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問題4選項

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問題5選項

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項“總結(jié)一個論點”，C選項“對不同的觀點進行比較”和D選項“做出一系列的預測”都不能準確表達作者寫作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國的制造商一直試圖通過削減成本來提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強其國際競爭力?！贝_定C選項“增加他們的競爭優(yōu)勢”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強競爭力的，故答案選項為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀70年代美國企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對汽車制造商的研究表明，一個行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個問題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人?！訠選項“支持前期有關(guān)一個提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干詢問‘作者對大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個詞來描述？’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項“無私的，公正的”正確。

3.單選題

Thespaceprojectrequiresmoremoneythan______becauseitneedsthemostmodernandadvancedequipmentwhichisextremelyexpensive.

問題1選項

A.tobeputin

B.tohavebeenputin

C.puttingin

D.havingputit

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tobeputin被投入B.tohavebeenputin被投入

C.puttingin投入D.havingputit把它

【考查點】比較級的用法。

【解題思路】空格處為被比較部分，前面提到“太空計劃需要的資金比……更多”，結(jié)合選項，可知是“比投入的更多”，需要用到完成時；而money和putin之間為被動語態(tài)，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示將來，不符合句子意思；

C、D選項表示主動，排除。

【句意】太空計劃需要的資金比投入的要多，因為它需要最現(xiàn)代和最先進的設(shè)備，這是極其昂貴的。

4.單選題

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

問題1選項

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。mergewith合并，與...聯(lián)合；engagewith交戰(zhàn)，與...接洽；emerge浮現(xiàn)，暴露；submerge淹沒。句意：他們建議客戶與另一家公司合作。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

Salesofmushroomshavehitanall-timehighasBritonsincreasinglyturntothecheapand（

）foodstufffortheircooking.

問題1選項

A.versatile

B.multiple

C.manifold

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的，多用途的”；multiple“多重的，復合的”；manifold“多方面的，各式各樣的”；diverse“不同的，各種各樣的”。句意：蘑菇的銷量創(chuàng)下歷史新高，因為英國人越來越多致力于尋找便宜的、多用途的食材做飯。因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity’shealth.

問題1選項

A.destruction

B.contribution

C.charge

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。toll表示“代價”；A項destruction“損害，破壞”，B項contribution“貢獻”，C項charge“費用”，D項origin“起源，出身”。句意：貧窮和衛(wèi)生保健不足損害了社區(qū)的健康質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。

7.單選題

Parksandopenspacesareessentialtothequalityoflifeindense（

）areassuchasNewYorkCity.

問題1選項

A.agricultural

B.rural

C.suburban

D.urban

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的；rural鄉(xiāng)村的；suburban郊區(qū)的；.urban城市的。

句意：公園和空地對于像紐約這樣人口密集的城市地區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量來說是必不可少的。選項D符合語境。

8.單選題

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

問題1選項

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。object“反對（一般與介詞to搭配使用）”；oppose“反對；對抗，抗爭”；contradict“反駁；否定；與······矛盾”；refute“駁斥”。句意：他們用目擊者的證詞來駁斥他聲稱自己無辜。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Apainstakingprocessofreinventingledtonewcorecoursesdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelopglobalawarenessandstrengthentheiranalyticalandreasoningabilities,criticalreadingskills,andwriting（）.

問題1選項

A.profession

B.performance

C.proficiency

D.progress

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。profession“職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；performance“性能，績效”；proficiency“精通，熟練”；progress“進步，發(fā)展”。句意：一個艱苦的改造過程帶來了新的核心課程，旨在幫助學生發(fā)展全球意識，提升他們的分析和推理能力，提高批判性閱讀和寫作的熟練程度。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

ThecollapseoftheEarth’smagneticfield—whichguardstheplanetandguidesmanyofitscreatures—appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.

Thefield’sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet’slinesofmagneticforce.

Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity（極）.Thetransitionwouldtakethousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointednorthwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothmanandanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfindmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetweenpastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.

Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Lastmonth,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld’slargesteffortattrackingthefield’sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,istomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.“Wewanttogetsomeideaofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlikepeopletryingtopredicttheweather，”saidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan.“I’mpersonallyquiteconvincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.’’

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Evenifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreateselectromagnetism.Thisprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.Inacar’sgenerator,thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.

Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecloudsofJupiter.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth’smagneticfieldhas（

）.

2.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield（

）.

3.Theauthorsaysthepublichasnoreasontopanic”because（

）.

4.ThecauseofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldcomesfrom（

）.

問題1選項

A.misguidedmanyamanandanimal

B.beguntochangeintheoppositedirection

C.causedthechangesonthepolarities

D.beenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime

問題2選項

A.thecompasswillbecomeuseless

B.manandanimalswillbeconfusedindirections

C.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear

D.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger

問題3選項

A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsfromnow

B.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists

C.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish

D.thenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow

問題4選項

A.themovementdeepinsidetheEarth

B.theperiodicalreversesoftheEarth

C.theforcecoiningfromouterspace

D.themechanicalmovementoftheEarth

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。文章前兩段指出地球磁場開始發(fā)生變化，后來指出正在向相反的方向發(fā)生變化。故選B。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞transition定位至第三段。由此推測B項“人和動物在方向上會混淆”正確。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic定位至第五段。由此推測B項“人和動物在方向上會混淆”正確。關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic后面就講了原因:itmighttake2,000yearstomature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。故選C。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞causeofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield定位至最后一段:changesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,即原因是地球內(nèi)部深處流動著液體鐵，這種機械能會產(chǎn)生電磁。

11.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問題2選項

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問題3選項

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問題4選項

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)這項調(diào)查，讓員工快樂的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪者認為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項“獲得有競爭力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問在接受調(diào)查的人中，對工作感到不快樂的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪者認為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪者則認為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項“20%”正確。B選項“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項“31%”錄音中沒有提及；D選項“73%”的對象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項“充滿熟練工人的公司”；B選項“管理得當?shù)墓尽焙虲選項“由女性經(jīng)營的公司”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個小時的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因為兼職人員的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。A選項“他們可以贏得工作上的認可”是對工作幸福感最不重要的兩個影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無關(guān)，因此排除；C選項“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此也可排除。

12.單選題

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

問題1選項

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

問題2選項

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

問題3選項

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

問題4選項

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科學是很難預測的，如果真是科學，也就不可能去預測。文中的predict對應于選項B中的foreseen，所以選項B正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世紀的科學家們被告知我們?nèi)祟悓κ澜鐜缀跏且粺o所知的，那么他們將會非常震驚”可推斷出18世紀的科學家并不認為自己對世界一無所知，所以A選項‘認為他們知道很多，可以解決大多數(shù)科學問題’正確，C選項與A選項表述相反，錯誤。B選項“不敢面對科學研究的事實”和D選項“在人類對自然界的理解方面產(chǎn)生了更多的不好的影響”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我們要么假裝知道事物的規(guī)律，要么對此置之不理或者用編造故事的方式來搪塞?！贝_定A選項“捏造錯誤的理論來解釋他們不知道的事物”、B選項“他們假裝知道有關(guān)自然界的一切”和D選項“他們對不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科學家的特點，只有C選項“他們不相信科學觀察得出的結(jié)果”沒有提及，或者用排除法，C選項符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“盡管有困難，但人類遲早會解決這些問題”所以C選項“雖然意識到困難重重但還是很有信心”符合作者對科學的態(tài)度。

13.單選題

Recentlythecarfactoryhadtocarryoutpersonnel（）becauseoffinancialtrouble.

問題1選項

A.cuts

B.demands

C.reductions

D.orders

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項cuts“切口，份額”；B選項demands“需求”；C選項reductions“減少，縮小”；D選項orders“順序”。句意：最近，由于財政困難，汽車廠不得不進行人事_____。根據(jù)前句說“財政困難”，可以推測應該是要進行人事減少，因此C選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Cancellationoftheflight（）manypassengerstospendthenightattheairport.

問題1選項

A.resulted

B.obliged

C.demanded

D.recommended

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項resulted“結(jié)果；導致”，B選項obliged“迫使；強制；賜”，C選項demanded“強烈要求；需要”，D選項recommended“推薦，介紹；勸告”，根據(jù)題意可知：旅客們由于航班取消不得不在機場過夜，B選項oblige有“被迫；事實逼迫人不得不……”的含義，因此B選項符合題意。

15.單選題

He（）incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.

問題1選項

A.justified

B.witnessed

C.testified

D.identified

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項justify“證明合法，證明……是正當?shù)摹保籅選項witness“目擊，證明，為……作證”；C選項testify“作證，證明”；D選項identify“確定，鑒定，識別”。四個選項都可以表示“作證，證明”，但testifyincourt是固定用法，表示“出庭作證”，所以選項C正確。

16.單選題

Ithinkshehurtmyfeelings（）ratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.

問題1選項

A.virtually

B.literally

C.appropriately

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)下半句“ratherthanbyaccident..”可推測,“我認為她是故意傷害我的感情而不是她聲稱的偶然傷害”。所以選項D符合語境。

17.單選題

Asoneoftheworld’shighestpaidmodels,shehadherface（）forfivemilliondollars.

問題1選項

A.deposited

B.assured

C.measured

D.insured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deposit“存放，使沉積”；assure“保證”；measure“測量，估量”；insure“確保，保證，給…保險”。句意；作為世界上收入最高的模特之一，她給她的臉投了五百萬的保險。D項符合題意。

18.單選題

Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim（）bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.

問題1選項

A.setforth

B.broughtforth

C.comeup

D.putforward

【答案】A

【解析】setforththeaim表示“提出（設(shè)立）目標”。bringforth和putforward也是“提出”，但不能與aim搭配使用，我們可以說：bringforthevidence，putforwardatheory(idea，plan，suggestion)。comeup意為“出現(xiàn)”“被提出”，作非及物動詞用。本句意為：“他沒有完全達到教師在學期初提出的目標?！?/p>

19.單選題

（

）foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問題1選項

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣倒裝。當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were、should、had時，if可省略，而將were、should、had等詞置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：如果沒有你的幫助，我們永遠也無法克服這些困難。

20.案例題

Learningshouldn'tbelimitedtoacampusoraclassroomanyone.Ifyouhavetwochildrenandajob,you'rejustnotgoingto（1）ittoacollegeclassroomthreenightsaweek.Andthenthere'stheissueofcost.Ifyoudon'thavethemoneytogotoa（2）college,doesthatmeanthatyoushouldn'treceiveaneducation?Ofcoursenot.Youshouldhaveashotatthegoodlife,justlikeanybodyelse.

TheInternethasbrought（3）toeducation.Abachelor'sdegreeoramatter'sdegreeisnowavailabletoanybody,anywhere,regardlessofaperson'spositioninlife.ThankstotheInternet,educationisaccessiblewithoutregardto（4）.Youcanworktowardabachelor'sdegreewhileservingyourcountyonasubmarine.Andifsaccessiblewithoutregardtotime：Youcantakecoursesafteryourshiftends,evenifthat'sat2A.m.

What'sthe（5）obstacletoonlinelearning?Itisn'ttechnology.Companiesarespendingbillionofdollarsgloballytobuildanonline-learninginfrastructurethatincludesunderseacables.Andcompetitionamongprovidersisdrivingpricedown.Therealbottleneckiscultural.Whatneedstobe（6）isresistancetotheideaofonlinelearning.

TheaccreditationofJonesInternationalUniversityinMarch1999wasashotheardaroundtheworldNobody（7）thatatotallyonlineuniversitycouldbecomeaccrediteD.ThatevenhasputrealpressureontraditionalinstitutionstomoveintotheThirdWave.

Innovativeinstructorsatinstitutionsworldwidearediscoveringthepotentialofthe（8）environmenttodeliverinstructionofthehighestqualitytopeoplewhowouldotherwisehavelimited（9）tohighereducation.Thisisanexcitingandchallengingtimeineducation.

Simplydefined,onlineeducationreferstocourses（10）viatheInternet.Theminimumrequirementforstudentstoparticipateinanonlinecourseisaccesstoacomputer,theInternet,and（11）tosucceedinanontraditionalclassroom,Onlinelearningsystemshave（12）thewaypeoplecantakeclasses.Unliketraditionalcoursesinwhichthestudentsandinstructormeetface-to-faceonceorseveraltimesaweek,mostofthelearningactivitiesandcommunicationinanonlinecourseareasynchronous,meaningthatclassmembersparticipateinandcompletetheirassignmentat（13）timesthroughoutthedayandweek.Thisarrangementcanmakeitpossibleforyoutodoyourclassworkwhenit'smostconvenientforyou.However,withthisincreasedfreedomand（14）comesresponsibility.Withoutthestructureof（15）classmeeting,itwillbeuptoyoutopaceyourselfandkeepupwithassignments.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

democracy

imagination

different

flexibility

overcome

online

offer

traditional

modern

regular

make

possess

place

perform

big

motivate

anticipate

access

revolutionize

difficult

【答案】1.make

2.traditional

3.democracy

4.place

5.biggest

6.overcome

7.anticipated

8.online

9.access

10.offered

11.motive

12.revolutionized

13.different

14.flexibility

15.regular

【解析】1.makeitto為固定搭配，意為“趕上，到達”。句意:如果你有兩個孩子和一份工作,那么你不可能趕上每周三個晚上的大學課程。

2.填空處需填入形容詞修飾大學,結(jié)合選項和句意可知，traditional更符合原文語境。

3.根據(jù)下文：現(xiàn)在，任何人、任何地方都可以獲得學士學位或某一學科的學位，無論他的人生地位如何。所以這里應該指網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來了教育的民主性。

4.根據(jù)下文：你可以在潛艇上服役的同時攻讀學士學位。說明不限制地點，這與下文的不限制時間一樣，都是列舉出例子。所以這里應填入place。

5.這里指：網(wǎng)上學習最大的障礙是什么呢？

6.既然是障礙，當然需要克服它。句意:人們需要克服的是,抵制網(wǎng)上學習這種思想。

7.根據(jù)句意:沒有人預料到一個完全在線的大學居然能夠獲得認可。

8.既然是網(wǎng)絡(luò)學校，當然是網(wǎng)上授課的教學環(huán)境。所以這里填入online。

9.根據(jù)句意：世界各地教育機構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新導師正在發(fā)現(xiàn)，在線環(huán)境有潛力為那些原本接受高等教育機會有限的人提供最高質(zhì)量的教學。accessto指接近，有權(quán)利使用。符合原文句意。

10.句意:簡單地說，在線教育是指通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的課程。課程是被提供，所以這里應填入offered。

11.句意：學生參加在線課程的最低要求是能夠接觸電腦、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以及在非傳統(tǒng)課堂上取得成功的。也就是說要達到成功的目的，所以這里填入motive恰當。

12.句意：網(wǎng)上學習徹底改變了人們上課接受知識的方式。

13.句意：與傳統(tǒng)的每周一次或幾次面對面授課的課程不同，在線課程中的學習活動和交流大多是不同步的，即班級成員在一天或一周的時間上課和完成作業(yè)。既然是不同步的，當然也是在不同的時間上課和完成作業(yè)，所以這里填入different。

14.根據(jù)句意和句中的and可知，填空處應填入與自由意思相近的名詞，選項中只有flexibility最恰當。

15.根據(jù)下文的uptoyou可推測，上一句是指沒有定期的班會了。所以這里填入regular。

21.單選題

—Doyouregretpaying500dollarsforyournecklace?

—No.Iwouldgladlypay（）forit.