考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)delete“刪除”；B選項(xiàng)repel“抗拒，抵御”；C選項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；D選項(xiàng)constrain“強(qiáng)迫，限制，約束”。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)heatandmoisture（熱和潮濕）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。句意：這種材料能抵御熱和潮濕。

2.單選題

Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof（

）tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposure

B.exploit

C.explosion

D.exponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。exposure“暴露”；exploit“功績(jī)”；explosion“爆炸”；exponent“倡導(dǎo)者，鼓吹者”。句意：人們傾向于忽視接觸化學(xué)物質(zhì)的遲延效應(yīng)，因?yàn)檫@些危害不會(huì)立刻表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inflexibility“僵化”；unreasonable“不合理的”；B選項(xiàng)impropriety“不適當(dāng)，不正確”;oscillatory“振蕩的”；C選項(xiàng)intransigence“頑固”；tolerant“寬容的”；D選項(xiàng)success“成功”；authoritative“權(quán)威”。根據(jù)句意‘因?yàn)榻诓扇〉母訉捜莸膽B(tài)度掩飾了他之前作為頑固的談判專(zhuān)家的名聲，使得之前批評(píng)的人轉(zhuǎn)而開(kāi)始贊揚(yáng)他了。’C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thepeopleofthiscountryhaveentrenchedthemselvesto（）anyinvaderswhorefusetogiveuptheirevilintention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wardoff

B.cutoff

C.workoff

D.layoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組詞義辨析。A:wardoff“避開(kāi)，擋住”；B:cutoff“切斷；中斷；使死亡；剝奪繼承權(quán)”；C:workoff“售出；清理，排除；漸漸地清除；冒充”；D:layoff“解雇；休息；停止工作”。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的人們已經(jīng)致力于消滅任何拒絕放棄邪惡意圖的侵略者了。根據(jù)句意可知C為正確答案。

5.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.隨著喜馬拉雅山脈的形成和該地區(qū)相對(duì)突然的干旱，動(dòng)物和植物的數(shù)量急劇減少。隨后發(fā)生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川進(jìn)一步變薄?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“藏族生活的多樣性減少”正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代難以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品種很少，所以用藏茶來(lái)補(bǔ)充因蔬菜攝入不足所缺乏的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。B項(xiàng)“茶葉與發(fā)酵牦牛酥的營(yíng)養(yǎng)混合物”；A項(xiàng)“—種綠茶，類(lèi)似于漢族的籃炒綠茶”。C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)過(guò)細(xì)致過(guò)濾的深棕色茶品”。D項(xiàng)含高咖啡因的飲品。既然是要補(bǔ)充蔬菜攝入不足導(dǎo)致的營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏，自然要用有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的物質(zhì)來(lái)替代。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。本文中沒(méi)有涉及作者的研究和經(jīng)歷，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中講到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A項(xiàng)“基于第一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；B項(xiàng)“終身學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果”；C項(xiàng)“限于地質(zhì)歷史”；D項(xiàng)“僅從書(shū)本中獲得”故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并沒(méi)有打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤是文化決定因素的觀點(diǎn)。一個(gè)區(qū)域的生態(tài)只造成該區(qū)域居民所面臨的一些問(wèn)題，雖然一種文化所面臨的問(wèn)題對(duì)其發(fā)展很重要，但這些問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有決定它的發(fā)展?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地區(qū)的文化，共享土壤和氣候，本質(zhì)上是相同的。”正好與孟德斯鳩的觀點(diǎn)相符。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期結(jié)束后，現(xiàn)存的來(lái)自原始大陸物種的生命種類(lèi)只有幾個(gè)?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“原產(chǎn)于大陸氣候”正確。

6.單選題

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句N(xiāo)uclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition（自1985年8月9日以來(lái)，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人死于核武器。而在這一時(shí)期卻有5000萬(wàn)人死于廉價(jià)的、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的武器和小型爆炸物），說(shuō)明小型武器的濫用已經(jīng)造成了比核武器還嚴(yán)重的后果，應(yīng)該重視小型武器的控制。因此B選項(xiàng)“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“核武器控制談判不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議”，C選項(xiàng)“核武器的殺傷力已經(jīng)減弱了”，D選項(xiàng)“核武器是50年前軍控談判的主題”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.（由于小型武器對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)世界的國(guó)家影響很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他們生活的圈子之外，因此富國(guó)的人們很難意識(shí)到小型武器泛濫所帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重性。），說(shuō)明先進(jìn)國(guó)家的人們沒(méi)有及時(shí)地意識(shí)到小型武器問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有及時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們要處理毒品交易和政治恐怖主義問(wèn)題”，由原文可知，他們的生活圈子中沒(méi)有毒品交易和政治恐怖主義，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有由小武器引起的這種問(wèn)題”，C選項(xiàng)“他們面臨其他更重要的問(wèn)題，如污染”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器很便宜”，由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.（小型武器和輕武器很便宜。）可知，A屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“小型武器有威力”，由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一個(gè)原因是它們是致命的。）可知，B屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“小武器更容易使用”，由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它們也易于使用和維護(hù)。）可知，C屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“小型武器更容易得到”在文中沒(méi)有提及，因此本題選D。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.（通常犯罪組織利用同一渠道一個(gè)方向走私毒品另一方向走私槍支。），說(shuō)明犯罪組織利用同一渠道走私毒品和槍支。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正確。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器在黑市上并不昂貴”，原文沒(méi)有說(shuō)小型武器在黑市上的價(jià)格，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“用小型武器換鉆石是不公平的”，原文只介紹了用鉆石購(gòu)買(mǎi)小型武器的事件，沒(méi)有評(píng)價(jià)其是否公平，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”，原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器，沒(méi)有說(shuō)兩者必然同時(shí)存在，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章闡述了小型武器給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的極大危害，造成了大量人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。因此D選項(xiàng)“小武器，大問(wèn)題”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器談判，而不是核軍備談判”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小型武器控制的忽視”，C選項(xiàng)“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能全面地概括文章的內(nèi)容，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confine“限制；禁閉”；conform“符合；遵守；適應(yīng)環(huán)境（后面一般跟介詞to）”；confront“面對(duì)；遭遇；比較（為及物動(dòng)詞）”；confirm“確認(rèn)；證實(shí)；批準(zhǔn)（及物動(dòng)詞）。句意：特定文化下的絕大部分人會(huì)遵守那種文化已建立的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)namely“也就是，即是”，B項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說(shuō)，倒不如說(shuō)”，C項(xiàng)and“和”，D項(xiàng)particularly“異乎尋常地，特別是”。由success（成功）和triumph（勝利）可知，這兩個(gè)意思相近，success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程和動(dòng)作，所以空格處填入B項(xiàng)更符合句子語(yǔ)境。句意：對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這座建筑是一個(gè)巨大的成功，或者更確切地說(shuō)是一個(gè)勝利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

ApartfromtheMoonandoccasionalcometsandasteroids,Venusisoftenournearestneighbor.ItsorbitbringsitclosertoEarththananyotherplanet—only26millionmilesawayatcertaintimes.Despitethatproximity,foralongtimeitwasgenerallytermed“theplanetofmystery.”ThisisbecausetheatmosphereofVenusissodenseandsocloud-ladedthatitssurfaceispermanentlyhiddenfromsight.

ThefirstattempttolearnmoreaboutVenuswastoanalyzeitsupperatmosphereusingspectroscopicmethods.Insizeandmass,VenusisalmosttheequalofEarth,anditsgravitationalfieldisonlyslightlyweakerthanours,sothatlogicallyitmightbeexpectedtohavethesamekindofatmosphere—butthisisemphaticallynotso.Scientistsfoundthatthemainconstituentofitsatmosphereiscarbondioxide.Sincethisisaheavygasthatwouldbeexpectedtosink,itwasreasonabletoassumethatcarbondioxidemadeupmostoftheatmospheredowntogroundlevel.Carbondioxideactsinthemannerofagreenhouse,trappingtheSun’sheat,soitfollowedthatVenuswaslikelytobeaverytorridsortofworld.

Yetopinionsdiffered.Accordingtoonetheory,thecloudscontainedagreatdealofwater.Itwasevenclaimedthatthesurfacemightbelargelyoceancovered,inwhichcase:theatmospherecarbondioxidewouldhavefouledthewaterandproducedseasofsodawater.AnotherintriguingtheorymadeVenusverysimilartotheEarthofover200millionyearsago.Therewouldbemarshes,luxuriantvegetationofthefernandhorsetailvariety,andprimitivelife-formssuchasgiantdragonflies.Ifso,thenVenusmightpresumablyevolvethesamewayEarthhasdone.

In1962theAmericanprobeMariner2bypassedVenusatlessthan22,000milesandgaveusourfirstreliableinformation.Thesurfaceprovedtobeveryhotindeed;wenowknowthatthemaximumtemperatureisalmost500°C.Theatmospherereallyisalmostpurecarbondioxide,andthoseshiningcloudsarerichinsulfuricacid.Allideasofapleasant,oceanicVenushadtobeabandoned.In1975Venera9,aRussianautomaticlander,visitedVenusandsentbackpicturesdirectlyfromthesurface.Thescene—arocky,scorchedlandscape—couldhardlybemorehostile.Subsequentprobeshaveconfirmedthisimpression.

WhyisVenussounlikeEarth?TheanswercanonlylieinitslesserdistancefromtheSun.ItseemsthatintheearlydaysofthesolarsystemtheSunwaslessluminousthanitisnow,inwhichcaseVenusandEarthmayhavestartedtoevolvealongthesamelines,butwhentheSunbecamemorepowerfulthewholesituationchanged.Earth,at93millionmiles,wasjustoutofharm’sway,butVenus,at67million,wasnot.Thewaterinoceansvaporized,thecarbonatesweredrivenoutoftherocks,andinarelativelyshorttimeorthecosmicscale,Venuswastransformedfromapotentiallylife-bearingworldintotheinfernooftoday.

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmystery

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworld

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheory

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discussaplausiblesupposition

B.mockashockingclaim

C.improveanacceptedopinion

D.summarizeaparticularexperiment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheory

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenus

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistory

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenus

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientists

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthy

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthem

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheory

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.regretful

B.skeptical

C.decisive

D.amused

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.25.這篇文章的主要目的是______。

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmysteryA.批評(píng)缺乏對(duì)神秘主題的研究

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworldB.推測(cè)另一個(gè)世界的生命

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheoryC.哀嘆一個(gè)令人信服的理論的失敗

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearchD.說(shuō)明行星研究的原則

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要是對(duì)金星神秘之謎的探討，前三段分別對(duì)各方理論說(shuō)法進(jìn)行了客觀分析，最后兩段作者用科學(xué)事實(shí)和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論證實(shí)了自己的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也批評(píng)了各方不合理的理由和不合邏輯的論證方法，A選項(xiàng)表述符合文章主旨。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)只是部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)中的lament在文中并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，與原文不符，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.26.第2段中加粗的陳述“Insize…so”的作用主要是______。

A.discussaplausiblesuppositionA.討論一個(gè)貌似合理的假設(shè)

B.mockashockingclaimB.嘲笑令人震驚的聲明

C.improveanacceptedopinionC.改善一個(gè)已被接受的意見(jiàn)

D.summarizeaparticularexperimentD.總結(jié)一個(gè)特定的實(shí)驗(yàn)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到第二段加粗的那句話，在第二句“金星的大小和質(zhì)量幾乎與地球相當(dāng)，它的重力場(chǎng)只比地球微弱一點(diǎn)，因此從邏輯上講，金星可能具有與地球相同的大氣層，但事實(shí)顯然不是這樣的”，這里將金星和地球進(jìn)行類(lèi)比并做出了一些推斷，但是從后面的but可知，這個(gè)類(lèi)比結(jié)果作者并不支持，所以這句加粗的陳述是為了討論一個(gè)看起來(lái)合理的假設(shè)，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)中的mock并不恰當(dāng)，屬于曲解原文；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.27.第三段的主要目的是為了______。

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheoryA.為一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的理論提供證據(jù)支持

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenusB.挑戰(zhàn)兩個(gè)流行的關(guān)于金星的誤解

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistoryC.暗示金星在歷史上一直被浪漫化

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenusD.提出關(guān)于金星的兩種截然不同的理論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，該段以Yetopinionsdiffered（然而，意見(jiàn)不同）開(kāi)頭，提出了另外兩個(gè)不同的理論。根據(jù)最后一句“如果是這樣的話，那么金星可能會(huì)像地球一樣進(jìn)化”，可以推測(cè)，第三段描述的兩個(gè)理論僅僅是猜測(cè)而已，并不正確，B項(xiàng)的意思與之相符。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“證據(jù)支持”并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)與該段無(wú)關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)表述不夠準(zhǔn)確，屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?28.為了使第三段加粗的“Therewould...dragonflies”的假設(shè)是正確的，下列哪一種說(shuō)法對(duì)于金星的條件是不正確的？

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.A.這里的環(huán)境通常溫暖而潮濕。

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.B.大氣是純二氧化碳。

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.C.有足夠的光來(lái)進(jìn)行光合作用。

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.D.生物能夠輕松地飛翔。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句加粗部分“那里將會(huì)有沼澤，蕨類(lèi)植物和馬尾草種類(lèi)的茂盛植被，以及原始的生命形式，如巨大的蜻蜓”，這里假設(shè)金星存在生命，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，如果假設(shè)成立，B項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均支持該假設(shè)。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.29.第四段加粗的“In1962…information”陳述表明______。

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientistsA.數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量讓科學(xué)家們感到驚訝

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthyB.早期收集的證據(jù)相對(duì)不可信

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthemC.在科學(xué)家重新發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之前，記錄已經(jīng)丟失了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheoryD.探測(cè)器使科學(xué)家形成了一種全新的理論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第四段第一句加粗部分“1962年，美國(guó)探測(cè)器‘水手2號(hào)’在不到22000英里的地方繞過(guò)金星，給了我們第一個(gè)可靠的信息（firstreliableinformation）”，從first可以表明之前提到的理論證據(jù)都是不可信的，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)在文中只提到reliableinformation（可靠的信息），并不等于completelynewtheory（全新的理論），該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.30.第五段加粗的“Theanswer...Sun”陳述的語(yǔ)調(diào)可以被描述為_(kāi)_____。

A.regretfulA.遺憾的，惋惜的

B.skepticalB.懷疑的

C.decisiveC.決定性的，堅(jiān)定的

D.amusedD.覺(jué)得好笑的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第五段第二句加粗部分“答案只能（only）在于它離太陽(yáng)的距離更小”，這里是用設(shè)問(wèn)的方式回答了金星神秘之謎，由only可知，作者對(duì)答案很確定，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

10.翻譯題

中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家的合作是互利的。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國(guó)人民的生活，也為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)提供了新的推動(dòng)力，為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)是一個(gè)潛力巨大的新興市場(chǎng)，西方國(guó)家技術(shù)先進(jìn)，資金雄厚，兩者經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性。西方一些國(guó)家對(duì)華采取歧視性的貿(mào)易政策，不僅損人，最終也會(huì)損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

11.單選題

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement實(shí)施,執(zhí)行；complement補(bǔ)充；supplement增補(bǔ)；compliment恭維,稱贊。句意：政府承諾實(shí)施新的制度來(lái)控制金融貸款機(jī)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

We（）admirehiscourageandself-confidence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbut

B.cannotonly

C.cannotbut

D.canonlybut

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。canbut“只能”；cannotonly“不能只”；cannotbut“不得不，禁不住”；canonlybut無(wú)此用法。句意：我們……佩服他的勇氣和自信。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas（

）peopleheowedmoneyto.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attheexpenseof

B.attheriskof

C.inthewayof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。attheexpenseof“以……為代價(jià)”；attheriskof“冒著……的危險(xiǎn)”；inthewayof“妨礙，關(guān)于……的方面”；atthemercyof“受……支配”。句意：很明顯，這個(gè)小雜貨商受他債主的支配。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofse