考研考博-英語-北京科技職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京科技職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

SinceWorldWarII,therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.Manyyouthsbegindatinginthefirststagesofadolescence,gosteadythroughhighschool,andmarrybeforetheirformaleducationhasbeencompleted.Insomequarters,thereismuchshakingofgrayinglooksandcluckingofmiddle-agedtonguesoverthewaysof"waywardyouth."However,emotionalmaturityisnorespecterofbirthdays;itdoesn'tarriveautomaticallyattwenty-oneortwenty-five.Someachieveitsurprisinglyearly,whileothersneverdo,eveninthree-scoreyearsandten.

Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.Anditcanalmostbeputdownasadictumthatanymarriageenteredintoasanescapecannotproveentirelysuccessful.Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.Furthermore,itisdoubtfulwhetherthehomeasaninstitutioniscapableofcarryingailthattheyoungareseekingtoputintoit;onemightsayintheologicalterms,thattheyareforsakingoneidolonlytoworshipanother.Youngpeoplecorrectlyunderstandthattheirparentsarewronginbelievingthat"success”istheultimategood,buttheyerroneouslybelievethattheythemselveshavefoundthetruecenteroflife'smeaning.TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopianandthereforeincapableoffulfillment.Theywanttoomuchandtragicdisillusionmentisoftenboundtofollow.

Shallwe,then,jointhechorusof"Miserere,"overearlymarriage?Onecannotgeneralize:allearlymarriagesarenotbadmorethanalllateronesaregood.Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.Therefore,eachcasemustbejudgedonitsownmerits.Iftheearlymarriageisnotanescape,ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?Goodmarriagescanbemadefromsixteentosixty,andsocanbadones.

1.Accordingtothisarticle,thetreadtowardearlymarriages（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,successfulmarriagesaredeterminedbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartnersandnotby（）.

3.Moreoftenthannot,earlymarriagewill（）.

4.Youthfulexpectationsofmarriagecanbedescribedas（）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

7.Youngpeoplecanmarryearly（）.

問題1選項

A.istheresultoftheGreatDepressionofthe30s

B.cannotbeeasilydetermined

C.isonethatcanbeclearlyseen

D.isanoutgrowthofthemorallaxitybroughtaboutbyWorldWarII

問題2選項

A.financialconsiderations

B.parentalconsent

C.educationalbackgrounds

D.chronologicalage

問題3選項

A.notaffectone'sproblems

B.solveaperson'sproblems

C.intensifyone'sproblems

D.easeone'sproblems

問題4選項

A.Utopian

B.realistic

C.materialistic

D.tragic

問題5選項

A.peoplematureemotionallyatdifferentpaces

B.peoplethatmarryearlyhaveamiserablelife

C.allyoungpeoplemarryearlierthantheirparentsexpected

D.earlymarriagesareasbadaslatemarriages

問題6選項

A.itisnaturalforparentstobelieve"success"istheultimategood

B.youngpeoplemarryearlyforvariousreasons

C.youngpeopledateasearlyastheygotoelementaryschool

D.manyoldpeopleandthemiddle-agedpeoplethinkpositivelyofearlymarriages

問題7選項

A.iftheyarenotlonelyandisolated

B.iftheybelievethattheyareemotionallymature

C.iftheyarecapableofdealingwithpersonalproblems

D.iftheyholdfewillusionsforamarriageandeconomicallyaffordit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.”可知,早婚是一個明顯的趨勢,所以選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.”令人滿意的婚姻不是由時間順序決定的,而是由伴侶的情感成熟度決定的。選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.”可悲的事實是,婚姻幾乎不會解決一個人的問題；更多的時候,它只是在強調(diào)問題。也就是使問題變得更激烈,所以選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopian...”可知選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,情感成熟與年齡無關(guān),有的人很早就實現(xiàn)了,有的人從未實現(xiàn)過。由此可知,選項A符合原文。其他選項均表述太絕對,所以不正確。

6.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.”許多學生把結(jié)婚作為一種逃避,不僅是為了逃避不滿意的家庭生活,也是為了逃避自己的孤立和孤獨。由此推斷,年輕人早婚的原因有很多。選項B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?”可知,選項D與原文描述一致。

2.單選題

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

問題1選項

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“盡管”；inasmuchas“因為”。句意：我想沒有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因為它讓我們成為人類，與其他動物區(qū)分開來。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Haveyouafunny（）orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?

問題1選項

A.amusement

B.incident

C.accident

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同尋常的經(jīng)歷嗎？

考查名詞辨析。amusement娛樂，快樂；incident事件；accident意外事故；section部分，地區(qū)。因此B符合句意。

4.單選題

Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual（1）,andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.（2）this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork（3）hisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers

（4）hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,heshouldhavemorethananodding（5）withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto

（6）

rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanotheraswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently

（7）ofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator'swork,i.e.theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,

（8）thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage（9）ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan（10）with.Itis,

（11）

,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedto（12）

howpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.Thesame（13）toanabilitytowritehissourcelanguages.Ifhecan,wellandgood;ifhecannot,not（14）.Therearemanyotherskillsand（15）

thataredesirableinatranslator.

問題1選項

A.application

B.use

C.utility

D.usage

問題2選項

A.Morethan

B.Exceptfor

C.Becauseof

D.Inadditionto

問題3選項

A.of

B.by

C.for

D.on

問題4選項

A.should

B.when

C.because

D.if

問題5選項

A.familiarity

B.acquaintance

C.knowledge

D.skill

問題6選項

A.change

B.transform

C.turn

D.switch

問題7選項

A.lacked

B.required

C.faced

D.confronted

問題8選項

A.essential

B.unnecessary

C.advantageous

D.useless

問題9選項

A.over

B.despite

C.ratherthan

D.instead

問題10選項

A.deal

B.concern

C.work

D.doaway

問題11選項

A.however

B.accordingly

C.consequently

D.thus

問題12選項

A.knowing

B.havingknown

C.know

D.haveknown

問題13選項

A.refers

B.comes

C.applies

D.amounts

問題14選項

A.matter

B.mind

C.harm

D.work

問題15選項

A.characteristics

B.qualities

C.distinctions

D.features

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:B

【解析】（1）名詞辨析。application“應用，指將理論或什么用到一個特殊的情況下”；use“使用，指為達到某一目的而利用某人或某物”；utility“實用，特指有效地使用某物使其發(fā)揮效用”；usage“使用，側(cè)重為很多人公認采納的慣例、習俗”。此處指為了達到溝通目的的語言的使用，固定搭配beofuse，B選項正確。

（2）邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后面列舉的“aninquiringmind,wideinterests”與空格前列舉的譯者需具備的東西知道這里應該是說“除了這個外，還應該具備什么”，D選項inadditionto“除…之外（包括除去的內(nèi)容）”正確。morethan“多于，超出，比……多”；exceptfor“除了……以外（不包括除去的內(nèi)容）”；becauseof“因為，由于”，均不符合題意，排除。

（3）固定搭配。onone’sown“依靠某人自己的力量去做某事”，D選項正確。

（4）語法倒裝句。由空格后否定句“hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand”中沒有助動詞（如do等）可推測這里是用if引導的條件句采用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)shoulddo，但是這里采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把should提前，并且省略了if，A選項正確。

（5）固定搭配。familiaritywith“熟悉，精通”；acquaintancewith“了解：知道”；knowledge“（與of連用）知識；學問”；skill“（與of連用）技能；技術(shù)”。由空格前的morethan“多于；超出”確定句意是‘他應該能夠快速而準確地打字，如果他主要為出版物工作，他應該對印刷技術(shù)和校對不只是了解?！訠選項正確。

（6）固定搭配。change“改變;交換”；transform“轉(zhuǎn)化，改變”；turn“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)彎”；switch“轉(zhuǎn)換”。switchfrom…to…將…….轉(zhuǎn)換成……，由常識“翻譯指將一種語言轉(zhuǎn)換為另外一種語言”，D項正確。

（7）固定搭配。requiresth.ofsb.“要求某人某事”，文中用的是被動語態(tài)，sthberequiredofsb.B選項正確。

（8）形容詞辨析。essential“基本的，必要的”；unnecessary“不必要的，多余的，無用的”；advantageous“有利的；有益的”；useless“無用的；無效的”。由空格前的theprocessingofthewrittenword“書面文字的處理”與空格后tospeakthelanguages“去講這些語言”的對應關(guān)系確定句意應是‘考慮到譯者的工作性質(zhì)，即對書面文字的處理，嚴格地說，他沒有必要會說他所處理的語言?！赃x項B“不必要”正確。

（9）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上一句句意‘考慮到譯者的工作性質(zhì)，即對書面文字的處理，嚴格地說，他沒有必要會說他所處理的語言。’可知這里是肯定advantage“優(yōu)勢”而否定hindrance“障礙”；所以空格處需要填寫一個肯定前面內(nèi)容而否定后面內(nèi)容的連詞，C選項ratherthan“而不是”正確。

（10）固定短語。dealwith“處理，涉及”；concernwith“使關(guān)心，關(guān)于”；workwith“與……共事，對……有效”；doawaywith“廢除，去掉”。由關(guān)鍵信息but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系以及單詞aluxary確定這里句意是“譯者可以不掌握說這些語言的技能”，由此知D項正確。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系。however“然而，但是”；accordingly“因此，于是，相應地”;consequently“因此，結(jié)果，所以”；thus“因此，從而，這樣，如此”。由空格后關(guān)鍵信息“shouldhaveanapproximateidea”及evenif“即使”知這里句意是‘然而，他應該對他的源語言的發(fā)音有一個大致的概念，即使這是……’，應該填一個表示“然而或但是”轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞，故A項正確。

（12）固定搭配。berestrictedtodoingsth.“限制做某事”，排除C和D選項，這里表示一般時態(tài)，A項正確。

（13）固定搭配。referto“參考，涉及”；cometo“想起，共計”；applyto“適用于，應用于”；amountto“相當于，總計為”。由空格前的thesame“同樣的（道理）”、空格后的anabilitytowritehissourcelanguages“:寫他的源語言的能力”跟前面的thepronunciationofhissourcelanguages“讀他的源語言的能力”的對比關(guān)系知這里指“同樣的（道理）也適用于……”，所以C選項正確。

（14）固定搭配?？崭裉幘湟鉃椤叭绻?，那很好；如果譯者不具有書寫源語言的能力，這也沒關(guān)系”。Itdoesnotmatter“沒關(guān)系，不要緊”，A選項正確。

（15）名詞辨析。characteristic“特征，特性，特點”；quality“質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)，素質(zhì)”；distinction“區(qū)別，差別”；feature“特色，特征，容貌”。由關(guān)鍵信息and“和，并且”表示并列關(guān)系知空格處填寫的詞應該與名詞skill“技能”同類；再由文章第二句中的hisprofessionalequipment“他的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)”的對應關(guān)系知這里指“其它技能與素質(zhì)”，B選項正確。

5.單選題

Onemoretry,（

）youwillsucceed.

問題1選項

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.and

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。or表示選擇關(guān)系，but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，so常用來連接表示因果關(guān)系的句子，and表示并列關(guān)系。此句中前后句為并列順延的關(guān)系。句意：再試一次，你就會成功。故D項正確。

6.單選題

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

問題2選項

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

問題3選項

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

問題4選項

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

問題5選項

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講對有權(quán)勢的女性穿著所出現(xiàn)的挑剔報道。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正確,只有選項D錯誤。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."幾乎無一例外地,很少有人去細究男政治家們的服裝選擇。所以,選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."當媒體強調(diào)女性的外貌時,這會在更大范圍內(nèi)使貶低和限制女性的態(tài)度持久化。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它強調(diào)的是她的能力而不是一種娛樂。你理所當然地認為這不再值得評論。選項A符合原文。

7.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問題1選項

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報升”；C選項upmarket“質(zhì)優(yōu)價高的；高級的；在高檔之列”；D選項upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷售一直很火爆，在上個假期期間，占Numi銷售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費階層的，高檔的”，C選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleamed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項glance“瞥閃，掃視，匆匆一看”；B選項glimpse“瞥見”；C選項glare“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項gleamed“閃爍；隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意：這本小說包括對19世紀鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥，絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”，是glance的結(jié)果?！皌akeaglanceat...”（看一看）的結(jié)果便是“getaglimpseof...”（瞥見了），此句中，小說提到的是19世紀的鄉(xiāng)村生活，是結(jié)果不是看一看的動作。因此B選項正確。

9.翻譯題

從某種意義上講，現(xiàn)代生活方式使人們彼此疏遠，人與人之間僅存在一種有限責任。事實上，只要我們彼此履行了各自的有限責任，至于他人干什么，想什么，我們根本不在乎。人們不會再為朋友兩肋插刀，一生一世的朋友也不復存在，因為現(xiàn)代社會的朋友關(guān)系是建立在共同利益的基礎上，當利害關(guān)系改變時，朋友關(guān)系也定會改變，在一個正在經(jīng)受著歷史巨變的社會中，人的利害關(guān)系如果不瞬息萬變，那才是怪事呢。

【答案】參考譯文：

Inasense,themodernwayoflifealienatespeoplefromeachother,andthereisonlyalimitedliabilitybetweenpeople.Infact,aslongaswefulfillourlimitedresponsibilitiesrespectively,wewillnotkeepinmindwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneorthought.Thewillingnesstodedicatelivestofriendsandthefriendshipthroughthelifetimearenolongerinexistence,becausethefriendshipsinmodernsocietyaresetuponthebasicofcommonbenefits.Withthetransformationofinterests,friendshipwillbeboundtochange.Inasocietywhichisundergoinganenormoushistoricalchange,itisnotsurprisingtofindtheever-changingbenefitbasedrelationshipbetweenpeople.

10.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution,competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,saferandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarboncostoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Byitsproductivity.

B.Byitssustainability.

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

問題2選項

A.localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題4選項

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

問題5選項

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。通過題干定位到原文第一段“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻譯：這種情況在農(nóng)業(yè)上尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)常被當成是農(nóng)業(yè)進步的唯一衡量標準，而農(nóng)業(yè)的歷史和文化方面卻沒有被恰當?shù)亓私?。綜合考慮，選項B“通過它的可持續(xù)性”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段“However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.”，中文翻譯：然而，這些改變也導致棲息地的減少和生物多樣性的不斷減少。可知最佳答案為D選項“生物多樣性的減少”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionalfarmingpractices定位到原文第二段“Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.”，中文翻譯：在能源使用和產(chǎn)品獲取的營養(yǎng)方面，它（傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)）是相對低效的?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇C“它們不一定是可持續(xù)的”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段“Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.”，中文翻譯為：這一切意味著，21世紀的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀的農(nóng)業(yè)迥然不同。因此判斷正確答案為A“它將會經(jīng)歷徹底的變化”。

5.【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段中心句“Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.”，中文翻譯為：相反，我們需要一個更動態(tài)的解釋，該解釋會考慮所有各種各樣土地使用方式的利與弊。以及文章第一段中“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻譯為：這種情況在農(nóng)業(yè)上尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)常被當成是農(nóng)業(yè)進步的唯一衡量標準，而農(nóng)業(yè)的歷史和文化方面卻沒有被恰當?shù)亓私狻？芍_答案為D項“催促人們反思可持續(xù)的農(nóng)業(yè)是什么”。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我們可以把神秘的、不可知的未來塑造成我們所能想象到的任何東西，就像雕刻家將不成形的石頭上雕刻成雕像一樣。我們都站在農(nóng)民的立場。如果我們播下好的種子，我們就會收獲好收成。如果我們的種子貧瘠，雜草叢生，我們就會收獲無用的莊稼。如果我們什么都不種，我們就什么也收獲不了。

我希望未來比過去更美好。我不希望它會被那些充斥在過去中的錯誤與過失所污染。我們都應該關(guān)心未來，因為我們將在未來度過余生。

往昔已逝，靜如止水。我們所能做的一切都改變不了它。未來就在我們面前，充滿活力。我們所做的每一件都將會影響它。只要我們認識到這些，在我們的家中和在企業(yè)中，每一天都會帶來新的領域。在人類努力開拓的每一片領域上，我們正處于進步的開端。

12.單選題

Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould（）fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.

問題1選項

A.conceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項conceive“設想、想象”；B選項discern“辨別、識別”；C選項recognize“承認、認出”；D選項distinguish“區(qū)分、辨別”，句意為：雖然他什么也沒說，但從他的表情我們可以看出他不高興。從表情可以區(qū)分出人的情緒，distinguishfrom為固定搭配，因此選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits（）inAmericaismuchlarge.

問題1選項

A.species

B.counterpart

C.analogy

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在英國知更鳥是一種小鳥,但在美國它的物種要大得多。species物種,種類；counterpart相似物；analogy類比,類似；category種類,分類。選項A形容生物種類,所以選項A正確。

14.單選題

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

問題1選項

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.careless不仔細的，粗心的（沒有足夠的關(guān)注和思考）B.doubtful不確定的，懷疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless沒用的，無價值的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】sloppy的意思為“馬虎的，草率的（缺乏關(guān)心、思考或努力）”，在這里指研究的樣本太小，這樣的研究非常隨意，欠缺考慮，careless與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】憤怒的工程師們質(zhì)疑這項研究中小樣本的統(tǒng)計意義，并將其貼上草率的標簽。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”，依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。

勞教制度廢止后，未觸犯刑法的違法者，將由社區(qū)采取措施進行矯正。

醉酒駕駛機動車的行為，要追究法律責任。

中國漁政船頻繁開赴釣魚島，維護國家