考研考博-英語-咸陽師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-咸陽師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sheisawomanof（）whohasneverabandonedherprinciplesforthesakeofherownbenefits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dignity

B.scarcity

C.integrity

D.stability

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。dignity尊嚴(yán)，高貴；scarcity不足，缺乏；integrity正直，誠實(shí)，指道德健全，尤其表現(xiàn)在考驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)的堅(jiān)定、責(zé)任心和信任感的行為中；stability堅(jiān)定，恒心。句意：她是一個(gè)正直的女人，從不為了自己的利益而放棄自己的原則。選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom（）aconversationamongstrangers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

D.resumes

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和詞組。A選項(xiàng)breakdown表示“分解，發(fā)生故障”，B選項(xiàng)giveriseto表示“使發(fā)生，引起”，C選項(xiàng)initiates表示“啟動(dòng)，開始”，D選項(xiàng)resume表示“重新開始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我剛從“跨文化教育”課程中了解到，英國人很少與陌生人對(duì)話?？杖碧巻卧~需與conversation構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語，表示“發(fā)起會(huì)話”，因此只有initiate最符合語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredtofromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII，morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatseathundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogoclown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinwaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I’llneverforgetthescreams.”saysChristaNtilzinann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear;doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater.“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklytheWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergyleftlotellofourownsufferings.’’

ThelongsilencethesinkingoftheWilhelmGuslloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslongtroubledhistory,forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutfarmorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans

（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy??

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

C.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

D.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.astrongicestormtiltedship

B.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

C.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarⅡ

C.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

D.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

B.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

C.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklytheWoche.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofFtragedy

B.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

C.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第一句提到“這是航海史上最大的悲劇，死亡人數(shù)是泰坦尼克號(hào)的六倍”（Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句話提到“一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪將甲板變成了冰封的床單，當(dāng)船傾斜時(shí)，成百上千的家庭滑入了大?！保ˋnicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatseathundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogoclown），選項(xiàng)C“嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞的船傾斜向一邊”符合題意。

3.文章第二段最后一句提到“因?yàn)槲覀兊聡艘?fù)責(zé)的罪行太多，所以我們沒有余力去訴說我們自己的苦難”（BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergyleftlotellofourownsufferings），選項(xiàng)B“為他們?cè)诙?zhàn)中的罪行感到愧疚”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句提到“（小說）沒有詳細(xì)敘述船的沉沒，女主人公是一個(gè)懷孕的年輕女性，幸免于難的她后來只是說不管在東德還是西德，沒有人想聽關(guān)于它的事情”（doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到“但是甚至在政治上最正確的德國人也相信他們已經(jīng)贏得了去討論整個(gè)歷史記錄的權(quán)利。不是去拿德國人的苦難與他們導(dǎo)致的受害者的苦難等同起來，而是簡(jiǎn)單地承認(rèn)一次可怕的悲劇”（ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Topreventrogueserversfrom______dataintransit,theserversthemselvesshouldbedigitallyauthenticatedbeforeanydataismovedbetweenthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interfering

B.intercepting

C.interrupting

D.intervening

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)interfere“干擾”，B項(xiàng)intercept“攔截，竊聽”，C項(xiàng)interrupt“中斷，打斷”，D項(xiàng)intervene“干涉，插入”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞rogueservers（流氓服務(wù)器）和data（數(shù)據(jù)）可知，空格部分表示“攔截”符合句意。句意：為了防止非法服務(wù)器攔截傳輸中的數(shù)據(jù)，在服務(wù)器之間移動(dòng)任何數(shù)據(jù)之前，應(yīng)該對(duì)服務(wù)器本身進(jìn)行數(shù)字身份驗(yàn)證。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Methodsfortypingbloodweredevelopedaroundtheturnofthecentury,aboutthesametimethatfingerprintswerefirstusedforidentification.Onlyinthelastdecadeortwo,however,havescientistsbeguntobelievethatgeneticmarkersinbloodandotherbodilyfluidsmaysomedayproveasusefulincrimedetectionasfingerprints.

ThestandardABObloodtypinghaslongbeenusedasaformofnegativeidentification.Addedsophisticationcamewiththediscoveryofadditionalsubgroupsofgeneticmarkersinbloodandwiththediscoverythatgeneticmarkersarepresentnotonlyinbloodbutalsoinotherbodilyfluids,suchasperspirationandsaliva（口水）.

Thesediscoverieswereoflittleuseincrimedetection,however,becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichpolicescientistsmustwork.Ratherthanaplentifulsampleofbloodfreshlydrawnfromapatient,thecrimelaboratoryislikelytoreceiveonlyatinyfleckofdriedbloodofunknownagefromanunknown“donor”onashirtorascrapofragthathasspenthoursordaysexposedtoair,hightemperature,andothercontaminants.

Britishscientistsfoundamethodforidentifyinggeneticmarkersmorepreciselyinsmallsamples.Inthisprocess,calledelectrophoresis,asampleisplacedonatraycontainingagelthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentisthenpassed.D.Atrainedanalystreadstheresultingpatternsinthegeltodeterminethepresenceofvariouschemicalmarkers.

Electrophoresismadeitpossibletoidentifyseveralthousandsubgroupsofbloodtypesratherthanthetwelveknownbefore.However,theequipmentandspecialtrainingrequiredwereexpensive.Inaddition,theprocesscouldleadtothedestructionofevidence.Forexample,repeatedtestsofablood-fleckedshirt-oneforeachmarker-ledtoincreasingdeteriorationoftheevidenceandthecostofaweekormoreoflaboratorytime.

ItremainedforanotherBritishresearcher,BrianWrexall,todemonstratethatsimultaneousanalyses,usinganinexpensiveelectrophoresisapparatus(電冰器)，couldtestfortendifferentgeneticmarkerswithina24-hourperiod.D.Thisdevelopmentmadethestudyofbloodandotherfluidsamplesanevenmorevaluabletoolforcrimedetection.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatelectrophoresisresemblesfingerprintinginthatboth______.

3.Theauthorputtheword“donor’’(Para.A.3)intoquotationmarksinorderto.

4.Thepassagecontainsinformationthatwouldanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions:

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingmayreducetheusefulnessofafluidsampleforcrimedetectionEXCEPT______.

6.Thepassageimpliesthatelectrophoresismayhelpscientistsdetermine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howadvancesincrimedetectionmethodshaveledtonewdiscoveriesinscience

B.variouswaysinwhichcrimedetectionlaboratoriesassistthepolice

C.thedevelopmentofnewscientifictoolsforuseincrimedetection

D.areasofcurrentresearchinthescienceofcrimedetection

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.provideaformofnegativeidentificationincrimedetection

B.werefirstdevelopedbyBritishscientists

C.maybeusedtohelpidentifythosewhowerepresentatthetimeofacrime

D.weredevelopedbyscientistsataroundthesametime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizethatmostofthebloodsamplesreceivedbycrimelaboratoriescomefromanonymoussources

B.underscorethecontrastbetweentheworkdoneinacrimelaboratoryandthatdoneinabloodbank

C.callattentiontothefactthat,becauseofundemanding,crimelaboratoriesareforcedtorelyoncharitablecontributions

D.indicatethatthebloodsamplesreceivedbycrimelaboratoriesarenotgivenfreely

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Isevidenceofgeneticmarkersinbodilyfluidsadmissibleincourt

B.Canelectrophoresisbeusedtoidentifygeneticmarkersinsaliva

C.Howmanysubgroupsofbloodtypesarecurrentlyidentifiable

D.Howaccurateistheprocessofelectrophoresis

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepassageoftime

B.discolorationorstaining

C.exposuretoheat

D.thesmallsizeofthesample

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.whetherornotasampleofbloodcouldhavecomefromaparticularperson

B.theageandconditionofadriedspecimenofbloodorotherbodilyfluid

C.whenandwhereacrimewasprobablycommitted

D.thecauseofdeathinhomicidecases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出血型分析、指紋以及遺傳標(biāo)記都可以在犯罪偵查中起作用；第二段提出遺傳標(biāo)記不僅僅存在于血液中，還存在于像汗液和唾液這類的體液中；第三段講述了以上這些發(fā)現(xiàn)在犯罪偵查方面用處不大的原因；第四段講述了英國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種在小樣本中更精確識(shí)別基因標(biāo)記的方法，這個(gè)過程叫作做電泳；第五段講述了電泳技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；第六段提到以為英國研究員的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得血液和其他液體樣本的研究成為犯罪檢測(cè)的工具。由此可知本文主要講述的是新的科學(xué)工具用于犯罪偵查，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章中并沒有提及指紋是由誰最先提出的，因此選項(xiàng)B可以排除；根據(jù)文章第二段第一句話可知negativeidentification是ABObloodtyping，因此選項(xiàng)A可以排除；文章并沒有提及電泳的時(shí)間，因此選項(xiàng)D可以排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第三段主要講述了為什么指紋、血型分析這些不能在犯罪偵查中發(fā)揮作用，是因?yàn)榫炜茖W(xué)家工作的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的（Thesediscoverieswereoflittleuseincrimedetection,however,becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichpolicescientistsmustwork）。他們沒有新鮮的血液來分析，有的只是從一個(gè)不知名的“捐贈(zèng)者”那里得到的一小塊干血斑，由此可知警察科學(xué)家所需要的樣本不是免費(fèi)的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的內(nèi)容Inthisprocess,calledelectrophoresis,asampleisplacedonatraycontainingagelthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentisthenpassed可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后…thathasspenthoursordaysexposedtoair,hightemperature,andothercontaminants可知選項(xiàng)A、B、C都會(huì)影響樣本，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.推理判斷題。文章第五段提到電泳技術(shù)使鑒定幾千種血型成為可能（Electrophoresismadeitpossibletoidentifyseveralthousandsubgroupsofbloodtypesratherthanthetwelveknownbefore），意味著可能鑒別出樣本來自于誰，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletely（

）witheachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reconciled

B.negotiated

C.associated

D.accommodated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reconcile“使一致；使和解；調(diào)?！?；B選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判；轉(zhuǎn)讓；越過”；C選項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)系；使關(guān)聯(lián)”；D選項(xiàng)accommodate“使適應(yīng)；容納；調(diào)節(jié)”。句意：他們以前常常吵架，但現(xiàn)在完全……了。由usedto“以前常?！笨芍F(xiàn)在與過去完全不一樣，以前?！皅uarrel”，則現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是reconciledwith“和好了”，A選項(xiàng)正確的。

7.單選題

It’sapitythatshemarstheaccountofwhathappenedby______herownviewstoomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.derailing

B.falsifying

C.cowering

D.obtruding

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.derailing（火車）出軌，脫軌B.falsifying篡改；偽造（文字記錄、信息）

C.cowering（因恐懼而）蜷縮，畏縮D.obtruding強(qiáng)行闖入；強(qiáng)加于人

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息shemarstheaccountofwhathappened（她破壞了對(duì)所發(fā)生事情的敘述），結(jié)合選項(xiàng)詞義可知，by______herownviewstoomuch表達(dá)的意思是“通過強(qiáng)加自己的觀點(diǎn)給別人”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】遺憾的是，她把自己的觀點(diǎn)過多地強(qiáng)加于人，歪曲了對(duì)所發(fā)生事情的敘述。

8.單選題

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke.Shestartedtofeel（

）withtheheatinside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oppressed

B.congested

C.confronted

D.craned

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這個(gè)房間里全是人，布滿了煙霧。她開始被里面的熱氣壓的喘不過氣來了。

oppressed被壓迫的;受迫害的。congested擁擠的;擠滿的;(交通)堵塞的;充血的。confronted，confront的過去分詞和過去式。使…無法回避;降臨于;處理。craned，crane的過去分詞和過去式。(為看得更清楚而)探著身子;伸長(zhǎng)(脖子)。

9.單選題

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:destruction“破壞，毀滅”；B:disaster“災(zāi)難；不幸”；C:damage“損害”；D:collapse“崩潰；衰弱”。句意：當(dāng)她的父親精神上受到傷害，不得不住院時(shí)，她對(duì)家人幫助很大。根據(jù)句意，精神傷害應(yīng)為mentaldamage，故C為正確答案。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniorsfromfeatheringtheirownnestsatexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerican’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Insteadhefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidesspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformancerelatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithstatesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverall-success.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Theword“seduction”(Line1,Para.4)probablymeans（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Doubtful

B.Optimistic

C.Positive

D.Approving

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由recruitingoutsiders定位到文章第一段第一、二句“Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniors…recruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent”，即美國的公司采用了三種方法來保護(hù)股東的利益。聘用更多外部人員也是方法之一。A選項(xiàng)“Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation”意為“使公司的業(yè)務(wù)多樣化”，原文并未提及；B選項(xiàng)“Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors”意為“加強(qiáng)高層管理者與董事會(huì)的合作”，原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement”意為“推行有效的企業(yè)管理改革”，這是手段不是目的；D選項(xiàng)“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders”意為“保護(hù)股東的利益”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由ProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudy定位到文章第三段第二、三句“Onthefaceofit,dismissing…ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal”，從表面上看，從董事會(huì)解雇老板的朋友，用外部人士取代他們似乎是一個(gè)使高級(jí)經(jīng)理更負(fù)責(zé)任的完美方法。但這并不是詹姆斯?威斯特法爾教授研究得出的結(jié)論。由此可知，實(shí)際情況沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期。A選項(xiàng)“Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult”，意為“董事會(huì)的改革沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的結(jié)果”，原本改革是為了保護(hù)股東的利益，但現(xiàn)在股東需要拉幫結(jié)派，收攏外聘者，所以沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果；B選項(xiàng)“Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent”意為“外部董事往往更加獨(dú)立”，一開始這些股東是獨(dú)立的，但后來老板們就會(huì)建立聯(lián)盟，從而董事變得不再獨(dú)立；C選項(xiàng)“Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously”意為“由于董事會(huì)里全是外聘者，高級(jí)經(jīng)理們工作起來更加認(rèn)真”。但這只是Onthefaceofit（表面上），實(shí)際上這不是教授得出的結(jié)論；D選項(xiàng)“Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms”意為“高層管理人員與董事會(huì)的合作因改革受到了影響”，原文并未提及高層管理人員和董事會(huì)的合作。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:語義推測(cè)題。由seduction定位到文章第四段第一句“Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed”，這些誘惑往往會(huì)成功。由原文可知，theseseductions指代的是前文“bosses…spendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders”即老板們花了大量的時(shí)間建立聯(lián)盟，做私人恩情，取悅外人。而這些都是為了把外聘者拉攏過來，加入自己的陣營。A選項(xiàng)“effortstoconquer”意為“努力去戰(zhàn)勝”，原文并沒有說要戰(zhàn)勝誰；B選項(xiàng)“attemptstowinover”意為“企圖爭(zhēng)取過來”，符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“endeavorstoincreaseprofits”意為“努力提高收益”，前文并沒有提及提高收益；D選項(xiàng)“exertionstounderstand”意為“努力去理解”，前文沒有理解的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”總之，經(jīng)理們很快就將每個(gè)可想象的公司治理制度轉(zhuǎn)變成對(duì)自己有益的制度——而這可能是他們成為管理人員的原因。由此可推測(cè)，高層管理人員可能利用了自己的職位來獲利。A選項(xiàng)“Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive”意為“一般來說，公司高管的高薪是值得的”，與原文不符，高管們可能通過職位謀取私利所以他們的高薪是否值得不能肯定；B選項(xiàng)“Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits”意為“公司高管的收入與公司利潤的增長(zhǎng)成正比”，原文并未提及高管的收入與公司利潤的關(guān)系；C選項(xiàng)“Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves”意為“公司高管往往會(huì)利用他們的職位來獲利”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders”意為“公司高管的績(jī)效對(duì)其自身利益的影響大于對(duì)股東利益的影響”，原文并未提及高管的績(jī)效對(duì)股東利益的影響。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”總之，經(jīng)理們很快就將每個(gè)可想象的公司治理制度轉(zhuǎn)變成對(duì)自己有益的制度——而這可能是他們成為管理人員的原因。由此可推測(cè)，高層管理人員可能利用了自己的職位來獲利。這說明作者對(duì)控制高管所做的努力持懷疑態(tài)度，因?yàn)楦吖苋杂锌赡苤\取私利。A選項(xiàng)“Doubtful”意為“懷疑的”，符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“Optimistic”意為“樂觀的”，與原文不符；C選項(xiàng)“Positive”意為“肯定的”，與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“Approving”意為“贊成的”，與原文不符。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B選項(xiàng)conscious“有意識(shí)的，清醒的，故意的”；C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；D選項(xiàng)indecisive“猶豫不決的”?？崭癫糠质切枰粋€(gè)修飾investors的形容詞。后面由who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾investor，根據(jù)句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…總要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧H市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，句意為：他們是謹(jǐn)慎的投資者，在做出每筆投資前，總要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧H市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查。故正確答案選C。

12.單選題

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)main“主要的，最大的”，B選項(xiàng)controversial“引起爭(zhēng)論的，有爭(zhēng)議的”，C選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的，個(gè)人的”，D選項(xiàng)neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的觀點(diǎn)代表了支持者和反對(duì)者都能認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉to。make“使得；進(jìn)行”為使役動(dòng)詞,后面一般跟動(dòng)詞原形。

14.單選題

Chinesejournalfinds31%ofsubmissionsplagiarized

SinceOctober2008,wehavedetectedunoriginalmaterialinastaggering31%ofpaperssubmittedtotheJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science(692of2,233submissions).Thepublication,designatedasakeyacademicjournalbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,wasthefirstinChinatosignupforCrossRef’splagiarism-screeningserviceCrossCheck(Nature466,167;2010).

Wearethereforecampaigningforauthors,researchersandeditorstobeonthealertforplagiarismandtoworkagainstculturalmisunderstandings.InancientChina,forexample,studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

Tothisend,wehavegivenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers(includingY,H.ZhangLearn.Publ.23,9-14;2010)thathavebeenwidelypublicizedinChina’smedia(see/dPey7X;inChinese)andreportedinCrossRef’squarterlyonlinenewsmagazine(see/icUwvh).OurwebsitedisplaystheCrossChecklogotoremindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities.

OtherChinesejournalsarealsopolicingplagiarism,usingsoftwarelaunchedin2008byChina’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseandTongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyinBeijing.

YuehongZhangJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science,38ZhedaRoad,Hangzhou310027,Chinae-mail:jzus@32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.

C.UseofCrossCheck.

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsite

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsite

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouse

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnology

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

D.CrossRef

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?32.這封來自張的信的主要目的是什么？

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.A.中國投稿的剽竊率高得驚人。

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.B.張和她的期刊在打擊剽竊方面所做的努力。

C.UseofCrossCheck.C.使用CrossCheck。

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.D.使用兩家中國公司開發(fā)的軟件。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段就引入了話題，即論文剽竊率高達(dá)31%，第二段和第三段是作者對(duì)于打擊剽竊方面同她所在期刊所做的一些努力，如第二段第一句“因此，我們呼吁作者、研究人員和編輯提高對(duì)剽竊的警惕，并努力消除文化誤解”和第三段第一句“為此，我們進(jìn)行了講座，并撰寫了三篇論文，這些論文在中國媒體上得到了廣泛的宣傳”，最后一段敘述其他中國期刊的努力；綜合理解，我們可知這篇文章的目的是為了闡述作者和她的期刊所做的努力，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)都只是其中的一小部分，屬于以偏概全。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

33.《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》沒有采用以下哪一種策略？

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.A.簽署CrossCheck服務(wù)，甄別剽竊。

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.B.提醒作者注意文化誤解。

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.C.講課和寫論文。

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.D.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生模仿老師的話。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章第二段“因此，我們呼吁作者、研究人員和編輯提高對(duì)剽竊的警惕，并努力消除文化誤解。例如，在古代中國，學(xué)生通常被鼓勵(lì)抄襲老師的話。（studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters）”，可知，《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》并不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生抄襲老師的話，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“該出版物是國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)期刊，也是國內(nèi)第一個(gè)注冊(cè)CrossRef的剽竊篩選服務(wù)”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文；

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段第一句可知，該項(xiàng)正確；

C選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“為此，我們進(jìn)行了講座，并撰寫了三篇論文（givenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers），這些論文在中國媒體上得到了廣泛的宣傳”，可知，該項(xiàng)也正確。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.34.《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》的作者可以通過______意識(shí)自己的責(zé)任。

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsiteA.該雜志網(wǎng)站上的CrossCheck標(biāo)志

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008B.2008年開始使用中國軟件

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsiteC.在雜志網(wǎng)站上觀看教學(xué)視頻

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapersD.講座和論文

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“我們的網(wǎng)站顯示了CrossCheck標(biāo)志，以提醒作者他們的責(zé)任（remindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities）”，可知CrossCheck標(biāo)志會(huì)提醒作者他們的責(zé)任，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ectures和papers的目的是為了呼吁作者提高對(duì)剽竊的警惕并努力消除文化誤解，并不是提醒他們自己的責(zé)任，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.35.可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，2008年中國企業(yè)推出了本地軟件，而CrossCheck是由______開發(fā)的。

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseA.中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyB.同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

C.浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版

D.CrossRefD.CrossRef

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段最后一句“該出版物是國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)期刊，也是國內(nèi)第一個(gè)注冊(cè)CrossRef的剽竊篩選CrossCheck服務(wù)的刊物”，可知D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)定位最后一段“其他中國期刊也在使用2008年由中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社和北京同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)公司推出的軟件來監(jiān)管剽竊行為”可知，中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社和北京同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)公司推出的是本地軟件，題干問的是CrossCheck，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C選項(xiàng)只是與CrossCheck簽約，并不代表是它開發(fā)的，屬于曲解原文。

15.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.