考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith“nonhumancreaturessuchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.

TheNazca“l(fā)ines”ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Theselinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feel—meaningfromanaircraft.Yettherewerenoaircraftin300B.C.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcherandwriterErichvonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvonDaniken’stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.

TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisdirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlythereareover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmericapast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.

WilltheInternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theNazcalineswerefound____.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,the____theimagestheypresent.

4.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof____.

5.Theauthoris____abouttheroleoftheInternetinsolvingmysteries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena.

B.PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru.

C.PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope.

D.Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inmountains

B.Pinstones

C.onanimals

D.onaplain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.smaller

B.larger

C.clearer

D.brighter

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theparticipationofscientists

B.theemergenceoftheInternet

C.thebirthofnewtheories

D.theinterestintheInternet

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.cautious.

B.pessimistic

C.uncertain

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.”選項(xiàng)A與原文不符，所以本題選A。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段的一二句“TheNazca“l(fā)ines”ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Theselinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,...”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的三四句“Seenatgroundlevel,...—meaningfromanaircraft.”從地面上看，感覺雜亂無章，毫無意義。圖像太大所以只能在1000英尺的高度上觀看——也就是在飛機(jī)上。由此可以推斷，越高看得越清晰，選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisdirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.”現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)Nazca線條有了更多的興趣，它是因互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)而導(dǎo)致的直接結(jié)果。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠幫助解開更多的未知之謎，這是一個(gè)正確的方向。所以，作者的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的，選項(xiàng)D正確。cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；pessimistic悲觀的；uncertain不確定的。

2.單選題

Theyartificially（）thevalueofthehousesotheycould“reduce”itandmakepeoplethinkitwasabargain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlarged

B.underestimated

C.raised

D.inflated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。enlarge“擴(kuò)大，增大”；underestimate“低估，看清”；raise“舉起，提高”；inflate“膨脹，充氣”。句意：他們?nèi)藶榈靥Ц叻孔拥膬r(jià)格，再“低價(jià)”出售，讓人們以為這是大減價(jià)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Theloudestoutcry（吶喊）aboutpovertyseemedtocomeinthewealthiestcountry-byfar-intheworld.Accordingtomostcalculations,throughmostofthe1945-1970periodtheUnitedStateshadastandardoflivingwellaboveEurope'sandmanytimesabovetheworldaverage.Yetprotestsaboutgrindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStatesthanfromcountrieswithone-fortiethoftheirlivingstandard.（AnannualpercapitaincomeofeightdollarsistypicalofmuchofAfricaandAsiaandnotalittleofSouthAmerica.）Itwouldseemstrangetothesepeople（weretheyonlyawareofthefact）thatAmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobesothatthemoneythussavedcanbespentraisingthestandardoflivingofunderprivilegedAmericans.

Whatthislastpointsuggestsisnotsomuchthathumanwantsarenevertobesatisfiedthoughthisisdoubtlesstrue,andtheAmericanlivinginsuburbdeprivedofhissecondcarandhiscolorTVsuffersjustasacutelyasanAfricanfarmerinneedofasecondcowandascreendoor.Rather,itsuggeststheextentofcontemporarybreach（違反）ofsocialnorms（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）一theemancipation（解放）oftheindividualself.Peoplehavelearnedthattheirwantsaresacredandrightsoughttobesatisfied.Theyhavelearnedtoconsideranyobstacletopersonalfulfillmentandintolerableinsult.Theyhavegreatlyexpandedthecircleofselfawareness.Theynolongeracceptsharplimitationsonindividualdesiresinthenameofthegroup.Theamountofpotentialhumandiscontenthasalwaysbeeninfinite—misery,failure,misfitting,bitterness,hatred,envybeyondtelling.Ithasusuallyfailedofutterance,andinthepastitwasacceptedpassivelyasbeingbeyondhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostcomplaintsoverapoorlivingstandardweremadebythosewhocamefrom（）

2.TheaverageincomeforeachAmericanayearduringthe1960swasmostlikelyintheneighborhoodof（）.

3.InordertoimprovethestandardoflivingofpoorAmericans,theextremistsintheStatesdemand（）.

4.Therealcauseforthemostfortunatepeopletoprotestaboutpovertyliesin（）.

5.Fromthelastsentence,itcanbesafelyinferredthatoutcryaboutpovertyineffectinvolvespeoples'（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theUnitedStates

B.Asiancountries

C.theEuropeanCommunity

D.CommonwealthofNations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1,120dollars

B.40dollars

C.320dollars

D.80dollars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.afulltaxreliefoncitizenslivingoverseas

B.astoptoarmsraceagainstnationsfaraway

C.acutinfinancialassistancetopoorcountries

D.afavorablebalanceoftradewithforeigncountries

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.addedconsciousnessofself

B.theireconomicstatus

C.limitationsofhumannature

D.conflictinclassinterests

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.abilitytosufferahardlife

B.understandingoftheirrights

C.politicalattitudetowardthegovernment

D.wholeoutlookondifferentlifestyles

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句"...grindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStates..."對(duì)極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國(guó)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段第三句,對(duì)極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國(guó),而不是那些生活水平只有美國(guó)四十分之一的國(guó)家。(非洲和亞洲大部分地區(qū)的年人均收入通常為8美元,南美也不例外。)所以美國(guó)年人均收入為320美元。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句"...AmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobe..."美國(guó)激進(jìn)分子要求美國(guó)放棄對(duì)世界上那些遙遠(yuǎn)國(guó)家的承諾,這樣節(jié)省下來的錢就可以用來提高美國(guó)貧困人口的生活水平。也就是說減少對(duì)貧窮國(guó)家的財(cái)政援助。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的三四五句"Peoplehavelearnedthat...selfawareness."人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到他們的需要是神圣的,權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到滿足。他們學(xué)會(huì)了考慮個(gè)人成就和無法忍受的侮辱帶來的任何障礙。他們極大地?cái)U(kuò)展了自我意識(shí)的圈子。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)句意：它通常無法表達(dá),在過去,人們被動(dòng)地接受它,認(rèn)為它毫無用處。由此可推斷,"它"指的是人們吃苦耐勞的能力,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服；confirm“確認(rèn)，證實(shí)”，一般指通過提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物（絕對(duì)）正確；submit“服從，提交”，一般指放棄抵抗，愿意服從對(duì)方；conform“符合，遵守”，側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會(huì)中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動(dòng)和思考。句意：他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”，所以選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

5.單選題

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,jobseekersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully;thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.whereas

C.provided

D.otherwise

【答案】

【解析】邏輯關(guān)系。句意:對(duì)于大多數(shù)在線委托招聘服務(wù)，找工作的人必須小心選擇他們的話語(yǔ)，否則搜索引擎不可能找到正確的匹配。

therefore因此；所以whereas然而；鑒于；反之provided假如；倘若otherwise否則。

6.單選題

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orientation“方向，定向”；B選項(xiàng)voyage“航行”；C選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍，行列”；D選項(xiàng)access“通道，入口”。根據(jù)句意：由于南非大陸的一些地區(qū)仍然覆蓋著茂密的森林，進(jìn)入其中一些地區(qū)仍然很困難。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Weknowshewasalwaysas（）asherword,sowetrustedher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.honest

C.faithful

D.true

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)good“（adj.）好的；優(yōu)良的；愉快的；虔誠(chéng)的；（n.）好處；善行；慷慨的行為；（adv.）好”；B選項(xiàng)honest“誠(chéng)實(shí)的，實(shí)在的；可靠的；坦率的”；C選項(xiàng)faithful“忠實(shí)的，忠誠(chéng)的；如實(shí)的；準(zhǔn)確可靠的”；D選項(xiàng)true“（adj.）真實(shí)的；正確的；（adv.）真實(shí)地；準(zhǔn)確地；（n.）真實(shí)；準(zhǔn)確”。根據(jù)固定搭配beasgoodasone’sword“說話算數(shù)，守信”可知本題選good。句意：我們知道她一向信守諾言，所以我們信任她。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Maryfinallydecided（）allthejunkshehadkeptinthegarage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getrid

B.gottenridof

C.gettingridof

D.togetridof

【答案】D

【解析】固定介詞搭配。decidetodosth.決定做某事。所以，選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Undertheterm“services”（）togethermiscellaneousactivitieswithlittleincommonexceptotherthanagriculture,extractiveindustries,utilitiesandmanufacturing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lump

B.tolump

C.islumped

D.arelumped

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，句子用部分倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)“miscellaneousactivities”為復(fù)數(shù)，所以為了保持主謂一致，be動(dòng)詞選用復(fù)數(shù)形式are，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Manyofthelocalresidentslefthomesto（

）thedangerofflooding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encounter

B.enclose

C.shakeoff

D.wardoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B選項(xiàng)enclose“圍住，隨函(或包裹等)附上”；C選項(xiàng)shakeoff“甩掉，擺脫”；D選項(xiàng)wardoff“避開，躲開，防止（危險(xiǎn)、疾病等）”。由目的狀語(yǔ)“to_____thedangerofflooding（為了_____洪水的危險(xiǎn)）”可知D選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：許多當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耠x開家，以避開洪水的危險(xiǎn)。

11.單選題

Thisexperiencedauthorwasableto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppress

B.compress

C.express

D.depress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suppress“抑制、鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項(xiàng)compress“壓縮、精簡(jiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)depress“使沮喪、降低”，句意為：這位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的作家能夠表達(dá)他沒有資格進(jìn)入大學(xué)這一事實(shí)。express“表達(dá)”符合句意，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concise

B.brisk

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concise“簡(jiǎn)明的；簡(jiǎn)潔的”；B選項(xiàng)brisk“敏銳的；活潑的；輕快的”；C選項(xiàng)precise“精確的；明確的；嚴(yán)格的”；D選項(xiàng)elaborate“精心制作的；詳盡的；煞費(fèi)苦心的”。句意：新秘書寫了一份出色的……報(bào)告，只有幾百字，但包括了所有重要的細(xì)節(jié)。“只有幾百字”說明這篇報(bào)告是“簡(jiǎn)潔的”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative（創(chuàng)新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（標(biāo)識(shí)）.Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschipswouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.

TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Later,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives.”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.

1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat（

）.

2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?

3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichLaybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat

（

）.

4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?

5.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket

B.Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales

C.Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany'spotatochips

D.Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany'spotatochips

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.

B.Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.

C.Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.

D.Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands

B.localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands

C.productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits

D.productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.

B.Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.

C.Tochangethecompany'slongheldmarketingimage.

D.TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople

B.willleadtoeconomicimperialism

C.willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople

D.won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“菲多利全球市場(chǎng)主管相信……”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”（Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld），“全世界沒有任何人能抵擋住薯?xiàng)l的魅力”（thereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“全世界人都愛吃他們公司生產(chǎn)的薯?xiàng)l”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第二段，我們可以了解到菲多利……”。文章第二段提到“菲多利是美國(guó)最大的零食生產(chǎn)者……但美國(guó)的零食市場(chǎng)差不多已經(jīng)飽和，所以它不得不轉(zhuǎn)向海外市場(chǎng)”（thecompanyhastolookoverseas），由此可知菲多利需要打開全球市場(chǎng)來尋求發(fā)展，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“菲多利發(fā)展策略依據(jù)的假設(shè)是……”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的兩個(gè)信念，一是全球性產(chǎn)品具有地方產(chǎn)品不能與之抗衡的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)；一是二十一世紀(jì)的消費(fèi)者為“全球性”所吸引，選項(xiàng)A“全球的消費(fèi)者為全球品牌所吸引”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“Riskey重新設(shè)計(jì)將菲多利標(biāo)識(shí)的原因是……”。文章第四段提到“（新設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)識(shí)）能夠幫助加速公司的全球擴(kuò)張”（helpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“菲多利的主管們稱美國(guó)食品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的推廣……”。文章最后一段提到將在那些國(guó)家生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，讓產(chǎn)品迎合當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖叮蛡蚰抢锏墓と?，改變他們的生活（We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives），選項(xiàng)C“有利于當(dāng)?shù)厝恕狈项}意。

14.單選題

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup-thenationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftherecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.

Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."ShapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechilD.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation.Butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair."

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Themeaningoftheword"consensus"inParagraph3isclosestto（）.

3.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

B.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

C.NBACwasempoweredtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D.theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloning

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.content

C.agreement

D.distinction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B.theprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsshouldbeforbiddentoclonehumans

C.itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

D.itwouldbeagainstthelawtouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TherecommendationshouldbeexpressednarrowlytoavoidthecloningofhumanDNA

B.TherecommendationshouldbeconfinedtothecloningofhumanDNA

C.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldnotbeputundermorecontrol.

D.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldberestrictednarrowly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

B.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

C.privatelyfoundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappeal

D.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedimmediately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，反對(duì)克隆的是克林頓總統(tǒng)，而白宮對(duì)此的態(tài)度作者沒有提及，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；克林頓總統(tǒng)下令聯(lián)邦基金不能用于克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；NBAC只是被授權(quán)寫出有關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策的建議，而不是被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用，選項(xiàng)C表述有誤；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，該草案的最終建議已經(jīng)達(dá)成了一致，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)原文的“abroadconsensus”以及句意可知，原文指達(dá)成廣泛的共識(shí)。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thepanelhasnot...tobeusedforhumancloning.”然而，有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題專家組尚未達(dá)成一致意見，即將私人資金用于克隆人屬于犯罪這一條例是否應(yīng)該立法。所以選項(xiàng)D是錯(cuò)誤的。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ButNBACmembers...routineinmolecularbiology.”但是，NBAC的成員會(huì)注意控制其內(nèi)容的措辭,以免出現(xiàn)新的條令禁止克隆人類DNA和細(xì)胞的試驗(yàn)——這類試驗(yàn)在分子生物學(xué)中是常見的。也就是說，克隆人類DNA不應(yīng)該受到更多的控制。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.”但是，他們?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦法律全面禁止克隆人的問題上存在分歧。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

15.翻譯題

清潔的空氣對(duì)于健康是至關(guān)重要的。如果空氣中含有雜質(zhì)，這些雜質(zhì)就有可能被我們的身體吸收，使人生病。我們需要清潔的空氣，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在著空氣污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有許多食品廠、服裝廠和制造其他東西的工廠。每天這些工廠把千百萬噸的煙灰排放到空氣中。工廠產(chǎn)生的東西過一個(gè)時(shí)期就會(huì)損壞，然后就作為垃圾扔掉。我們燒掉許多垃圾，煙灰就增多了。還有工廠生產(chǎn)的汽車，一旦出廠在街上行駛，將會(huì)吸進(jìn)空氣，排出有毒氣體，并增加空氣中的煙塵。

世界上沒有任何一個(gè)地方可以徹底擺脫空氣污染，我們必須采取措施來控制空氣污染?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的人正在認(rèn)識(shí)到清潔空氣的重要性。學(xué)校開設(shè)了關(guān)于污染問題的課程。企業(yè)開始幫著凈化空氣，他們安裝了特別的設(shè)備來清除自己排放的煙霧?？茖W(xué)家和發(fā)明家正在努力開發(fā)更清潔的汽車和火車引擎。

或許，人們?cè)诔鞘欣锬芎粑迈r空氣的日子終將到來。

【答案】【參考譯文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.

Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.

Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.

16.單選題

Idon’treallyknowjohnallthatwells;he’sjusta（

）acquaintance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.random

B.formal

C.haphazard

D.casual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。random意為“任意的”；formal意為“正規(guī)的”；haphazard意為“偶然的，隨意的”，一般指的是物；casual意為“偶然的”，acasualacquaintance意為“點(diǎn)頭之交，偶然相識(shí)”。

句意：我并不怎么了解約翰；我們只不過是泛泛之交。

17.單選題

AlthoughtheArabcutbacksrepresentedalossoflessthan7percentinworldsupply,theycreatedpaniconthepartofoilcompanies,consumers,oiltraders,andsomegovernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fright

B.deficit

C.strain

D.misfortune

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。panic表示“恐慌，驚慌”；A項(xiàng)fright“驚嚇，驚駭”，B項(xiàng)deficit“赤字，不足額”，C項(xiàng)strain“張力，拉緊，負(fù)擔(dān)”，D項(xiàng)misfortune“不幸，災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難”。句意：盡管阿拉伯的減產(chǎn)代表著全球供應(yīng)減少了不到7%，但卻引起了石油公司、消費(fèi)者、石油交易商和一些政府的恐慌。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

新的一年才剛剛開始，你就發(fā)現(xiàn)很難堅(jiān)持“告別垃圾食品、遠(yuǎn)離沙發(fā)、戒煙”這些新年決心了吧？我們很難改掉壞習(xí)慣是由于生物學(xué)的原因——這些壞習(xí)慣根植于我們的大腦中。

1.這并不是讓人放棄新年決心的借口。了解不健康的習(xí)慣怎樣變得根深蒂固可以啟發(fā)科學(xué)家研究出一些讓好習(xí)慣代替壞習(xí)慣的“技巧”。

諾拉?沃爾科夫博士說：“為什么壞習(xí)慣更加頑固？因?yàn)樗軒砑磿r(shí)的犒賞，而這種即時(shí)犒賞的力量很強(qiáng)大?！?/p>

那么這一點(diǎn)快樂的感覺是怎樣轉(zhuǎn)化為一種習(xí)慣的呢？這與一種感知快樂的化學(xué)物質(zhì)多巴胺有關(guān)。多巴胺使大腦不斷期望得到這種犒賞，從而不斷加強(qiáng)快樂感與這種行為之間的聯(lián)系，特別是當(dāng)它能從周圍環(huán)境中得到正確的暗示時(shí)。

2.

一項(xiàng)“為行為變化買單”的運(yùn)動(dòng)可能會(huì)對(duì)這種聯(lián)系加以利用，在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中，一些公司給雇員提供“即時(shí)報(bào)酬”或是“保險(xiǎn)回扣”，以激勵(lì)他們形成更好的習(xí)慣。不管這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)果如何，研究人員說我們的確可以采取某些行為來對(duì)抗壞習(xí)慣對(duì)大腦的吸引力。

3.那就是，重復(fù)，重復(fù)，再重復(fù)你的新行為，使之成為每天固定時(shí)間的例行活動(dòng)。下決心鍛煉？那就每天早上固定時(shí)間鍛煉，而不要隨意找時(shí)間，這樣會(huì)使大腦最終接受這個(gè)新習(xí)慣。神經(jīng)學(xué)家沃爾科夫也是一個(gè)熱愛跑步的人，他說：“如果你哪天沒鍛煉，便會(huì)感覺很糟糕?！?/p>

運(yùn)動(dòng)本身能提升多巴胺的水平，這樣盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)束后你的肌肉感覺酸痛，但是你的大腦還是會(huì)感覺良好。

【答案】1.That’snotanexcusetogiveup.Understandinghowunhealthybehaviorsbecomeingrainedcanenlightenscientistsonlearningsometricksthatmayhelpusreplacethebadhabitswiththegoodones.

2.Amovementtopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmayexploitthatconnection,assomecompaniesofferemployeesoutrightpaymentsorinsurancerebatesforadoptingbetterhabits.

3.Repeat,repeat,repeatthenewbehavior—thesameroutineatthesametimeofday.Resolvedtoexercise?Doingitatthesametimeofthemorning,ratherthanfittingitinhaphazardly,willmakethecerebrumrecognizethehabitsoeventually.

19.翻譯題

1999年，中國(guó)開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億，占全國(guó)人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此，中國(guó)成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國(guó)家。有專家說1990年到2033年是中國(guó)的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老齡人口還不算太多，這一時(shí)期是有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力人口將達(dá)到9億人，在這之后“紅利”會(huì)變成“赤字”，也就是說，這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會(huì)迅速增加。據(jù)說2030年后的二十年是中國(guó)老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時(shí)期。因此，要做好充分準(zhǔn)備，好好利用人口紅利期來解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問題。

有報(bào)告稱，中國(guó)是典型的成為富裕國(guó)家前就面臨老齡化社會(huì)的國(guó)家。這是長(zhǎng)期的問題，也需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能解決。中國(guó)一直堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育政策，人口增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)得到了有效的控制。據(jù)估計(jì)，中國(guó)到2030年的總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到14.65億，屆時(shí)會(huì)面臨老齡化和人口出生率下降兩大壓力，這也一定會(huì)給國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來巨大的壓力。

這份報(bào)告還指出，中國(guó)在解決老齡化問題的意識(shí)、條件及法規(guī)上都嚴(yán)重滯后，因此，必須把這個(gè)問題的解決納人到未來國(guó)家發(fā)展策略中。我們要及早關(guān)注老齡化人口的醫(yī)療資源，完善社會(huì)保障體系。在老齡人口達(dá)到頂峰前，建立一個(gè)健全的國(guó)家性社會(huì)保障機(jī)制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

20.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在的這十年中，有個(gè)一直使人感到進(jìn)退維谷的問題就是：現(xiàn)代教育究竟應(yīng)是通才教育還是專才教育。一些大學(xué)要求所有學(xué)生都學(xué)習(xí)跨越廣泛領(lǐng)域的共核課程，采取的是通才教育的方法。但有鑒于當(dāng)今信息爆炸和學(xué)生的多文化性，繼續(xù)調(diào)整他們的課程，以滿足學(xué)生更為急迫的職業(yè)需求，采取的是專才教育的方法。而由于沒有設(shè)置共核課程，學(xué)生往往缺乏有效參與到一體化社會(huì)中所必需的共享知識(shí)。

【答案】Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallthestudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.

21.單選題

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics_____inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromwhich

B.ofwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。fromwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾medievalversionofpolitics;evolvefrom“由……進(jìn)化，從……產(chǎn)生出”，正常語(yǔ)句為thepoliticsofourmodernworldevolvedfromwhich…

22.單選題

They______onacurefortuberculous