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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川文化藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Youshouldbuytheshirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial______whenyouwashesit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreases

B.expands

C.shrinks

D.diminishes

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)decrease“減少,減小,降低”,B項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)張,使膨脹”,C項(xiàng)shrink“(使)縮小,(使)收縮,(衣服、布料)縮水”,D項(xiàng)diminish“減少,縮小”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息onesizelargerthanyouusuallywear“比平時(shí)穿的大一號(hào)”,結(jié)合空格前的詞語material“材料”可知,空格處填入shrink“縮水”符合語境。句意:你應(yīng)該買一件比你平時(shí)穿的大一號(hào)的襯衫,因?yàn)檫@種布料洗時(shí)會(huì)縮水。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Whenshesawherboyfriend’seyesskimreflectivelyoverherbody,shefeltherselfunderhispotentmalegaze______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.revolt

C.blush

D.blink

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化,變壞”,B項(xiàng)revolt“反抗,反叛,叛逆”,C項(xiàng)blush“臉紅,感到慚愧”,D項(xiàng)blink“眨眼,使……閃爍”。由Whenshesawherboyfriend’seyesskimreflectivelyoverherbody“當(dāng)她看到男友若有所思的目光掠過她的身上時(shí)”可知,空格處填入blush符合語境。句意:當(dāng)她看到男友若有所思的目光掠過她的身上時(shí),她感到自己在他強(qiáng)有力的男性目光下臉紅了。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premise“前提,假定”;B選項(xiàng)pretext“借口,托詞”;C選項(xiàng)foundation“地基,基礎(chǔ)”;D選項(xiàng)presentation“提交,展示”。根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句“火星上有生命”可知選A。句意:從火星上有生命這一前提出發(fā),這位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)深入他的論點(diǎn)。

4.單選題

Onhearingthenews,IwentuptoDale’sroom,removedthehamsterfromitscageand,paying()attentiontohergrief,proceededtoswingitaroundbyitstailtomakesureitreallywasdead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.bare

C.insufficient

D.scant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的,不足的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)罕見,稀有;B選項(xiàng)bare“空的,赤裸的”;C選項(xiàng)insufficient“缺乏能力的”;D選項(xiàng)scant“缺乏的,不足的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是減少,限制。句意:聽到這個(gè)消息后,我前往黛爾的房間,把那只倉鼠從籠子里拿出來,毫不在意她的悲傷,接著提著它的尾巴甩來甩去,看看它是不是真的死了。句中指的是對(duì)黛爾的悲傷視而不見,所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

5.單選題

Theuseofrobotsandautomatedmachineryhaseliminatedcertain(

)factoryjobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrilling

B.timid

C.enticing

D.tedious

【答案】D

【解析】thrilling激動(dòng)人心的;令人興奮的;timid膽小的,羞怯的;enticing有吸引力的,誘人的;tedious沉悶的,冗長乏味的。句意:機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)化機(jī)器的使用消除了某些單調(diào)乏味的工廠工作。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Aboutfouryearsago,KerrySturgillfoundherselfatacareercrossroads:Shouldshestayinanindustrypopulatedbyextroverts(外向型的人)orjumpshiptoamorereflectiveplacewhereintrovertslikeherwereinthemajority

Careercounselorshadtoldhertogetoutofthehighlyextrovertedpublicrelationsfields“soyoucanbehappyanddowhatyouare.”Amongthelessfast-pacedareastheypointesto:art,scientificresearch,dataanalysis.

Suchamoveisdefinitelytherightroadformanyintrovertsstrugglingtofitintoanextrovertedworkplace.So,justwhatisanintrovertanyway?It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.Introvertsnaturallyneedtothinkbeforetheyspeak.Extrovertsusethespeakingprocesstofigureoutwhatitistosay.

And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.

Still,inthemodernworldwhereasmanyastwo-thirdsofthepopulationmaybeextroverted,thosewhoaretheoppositecanbemisunderstood.Theycanbeseenasantisocial,secretive,eventerritorial,becausetheycansometimestrytoprotecttheir“space”andquiet.

Workplacescanactuallybenefitfromhavingbothtypes,saysDeborahBarrett,programdirectoroftheRiceUniversityMBAcommunicationsprogram.

Anintrovertherself,shesaysshehasthebestofbothworlds―workinginanenvironmentofprofessors,whotendtowardsintroversion,yetgettingtoteach,whichcallsonhermore“outthere”skills.

Here’sheradviceforthoselookingtofollowthesamepath:

Makegooduseofe-mail.Ifyoudon’tgettomakeapointataloudmeeting,sendafollow-upemailsharingyourthoughts.

Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,considerlisteningtomusicthroughheadphones.Buttakecarenottomakeyourmoresociableneighborsfeelrejected.

Sure,shesays,ifshehadmovedtoalessstimulatingenvironment,thatmighthave“short-circuitedalotofmypain,butIalsobelieveitwouldhaveshort-circuitedlearningwhat’smademeamuchmorewell-roundedperson.”Hermainlesson?“Idon’thavetobeanextrovert.Ijusthavetoplayatbeingoneforanhour.”

19.Accordingtothecareercounselors,____.

20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

21.Accordingtotheauthor,introvertsaresometimesmisunderstoodbecausetheyare____.

22.DeborahBarrettbelievesthatteachingisapracticeof____.

23.By“short-circuitedalotofmypain”(inthelastparagraph),DeborahBarrettemeans“______”.

24.WecanlearnfromDeborahBarrett’scasethatintrovertedpeople____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.introvertsshouldtrytoavoidworkinginahighlyextrovertedenvironment

B.introvertsshouldtrytochangethemselvestofitintoanextrovertedworkingenvironment

C.extrovertsshouldworkinlessfast-pacedareassuchasartandscientificresearch

D.introvertscanbehappieriftheycanfindjobsinthefieldofpublicrelations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewithintrovertedpersonalityhavesomedisadvantagesinfindingjobs.

B.Peoplewithintrovertedpersonalityhavesomeadvantagesinworkingwithothers.

C.Bothintrovertedandextrovertedpeoplehavemeritsanddemerits.

D.Mostworkplacesneedmoreextrovertedpeoplethanintrovertedones.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.antisocial

B.reserved

C.aggressive

D.queer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reflection

B.introversion

C.energizing

D.socializing

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ruinedalotofherhappiness

B.savedheralotoftrouble

C.relievedherofaheavyburden

D.addedtohersufferings

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.shouldnotshareofficeswithextrovertedones

B.areeasilyirritatedbysmalltalk

C.liketocommunicatewithothersviae-mail

D.arereluctanttoexpresstheirideasinpublic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1)精準(zhǔn)定位:根據(jù)題干“根據(jù)職業(yè)顧問,_____”,可定位到原文第2段Careercounselorshadtoldhertogetoutofthehighlyextrovertedpublicrelationsfields“soyoucanbehappyanddowhatyouare.”Amongthelessfast-pacedareastheypointesto:art,scientificresearch,dataanalysis.(職業(yè)顧問曾告訴她,不要再從事極度外向的公關(guān)行業(yè),“這樣你就能快樂地做自己該做的事?!痹诠?jié)奏較慢的領(lǐng)域,他們指出:藝術(shù)、科學(xué)研究、數(shù)據(jù)分析。)再根據(jù)原文第1段最后一句中introvertslikeher(像她這樣內(nèi)向的人)可知,“她”是一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人。

2)綜合理解:由此可知,職業(yè)顧問認(rèn)為內(nèi)向的人不要從事過度外向的行業(yè),比如公關(guān),而應(yīng)該去節(jié)奏較慢的行業(yè),比如藝術(shù)、科學(xué)研究、數(shù)據(jù)分析,這樣他們會(huì)更快樂。A選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的人應(yīng)該避免在一個(gè)非常外向的環(huán)境中工作”,表述符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的人應(yīng)該努力改變自己,以適應(yīng)外向的工作環(huán)境”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;C選項(xiàng)“外向的人應(yīng)該在節(jié)奏不那么快的領(lǐng)域工作,比如藝術(shù)和科學(xué)研究”,原文說的是“內(nèi)向的人”,而不是選項(xiàng)中的“外向的人”,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴;D選項(xiàng)“如果能找到公共關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的工作,內(nèi)向的人會(huì)更快樂”,表述錯(cuò)誤,原文認(rèn)為內(nèi)向的人離開公關(guān)工作會(huì)更開心,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

20.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1)精準(zhǔn)定位:

A選項(xiàng)“性格內(nèi)向的人在找工作時(shí)有一些缺點(diǎn)”,可定位到原文第4段And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.(不用說,這兩種性格都有利有弊。)原文只是說這兩種性格的人都各有利弊,并沒有提他們?cè)谡夜ぷ鲿r(shí)的利弊,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度,排除。

B選項(xiàng)“性格內(nèi)向的人在與他人合作時(shí)有一些優(yōu)勢”,可定位到原文第3段第2-3句So,justwhatisanintrovertanyway?It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.(那么,到底什么是內(nèi)向者呢?內(nèi)向的人是通過思考和反思獲得能量的人,而外向的人是通過社交獲得能量的人。)由此可知,外向的人更適合社交,在與他人合作中更有優(yōu)勢,而不是選項(xiàng)所說的“內(nèi)向的人”,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴,排除。

C選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向和外向的人都有優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”,可定位到原文第4段And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.(不用說,這兩種性格都有利有弊。)由此可知,選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。

D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)工作場所需要更多外向的人而不是內(nèi)向的人”,可定位到原文第6段Workplacescanactuallybenefitfromhavingbothtypes.(工作場所實(shí)際上可以從這兩種類型中受益。)原文的意思是這兩種性格的人工作場所都需要,并沒說哪種人需要的更多,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度,排除。

2)綜合理解:只有C選項(xiàng)表述正確,符合題意。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

21.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1)精準(zhǔn)定位:根據(jù)題干“根據(jù)作者的說法,內(nèi)向的人有時(shí)會(huì)被誤解,因?yàn)樗麄兪莀___”,可定位到原文第5段第1句Still,inthemodernworldwhereasmanyastwo-thirdsofthepopulationmaybeextroverted,thosewhoaretheoppositecanbemisunderstood.(然而,在現(xiàn)代世界中,多達(dá)三分之二的人可能是外向的,那些性格相反的人可能會(huì)被誤解。)和第5段第2句Theycanbeseenasantisocial,secretive,eventerritorial,becausetheycansometimestrytoprotecttheir“space”andquiet.(他們可能被認(rèn)為是反社會(huì)的、神秘的,甚至是有領(lǐng)土意識(shí)的,因?yàn)樗麄冇袝r(shí)會(huì)試圖保護(hù)自己的“空間”并且安靜。)

2)綜合理解:由此可知,作者認(rèn)為他們被誤解的原因是“他們?cè)噲D保護(hù)自己的‘空間’并且安靜”,B選項(xiàng)“寡言少語的;矜持的”最符合原文。C選項(xiàng)“好斗的;有進(jìn)取心的”、D選項(xiàng)“奇怪的”均屬于曲解原文,排除;A選項(xiàng)“反社會(huì)的”表述錯(cuò)誤,這是別人對(duì)內(nèi)向的人的誤解,而不是作者認(rèn)為他們被誤解的原因,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1)精準(zhǔn)定位:根據(jù)題干“DeborahBarrett認(rèn)為教學(xué)是____的一種實(shí)踐”,可定位到原文第7段Anintrovertherself,shesaysshehasthebestofbothworlds―workinginanenvironmentofprofessors,whotendtowardsintroversion,yetgettingtoteach,whichcallsonhermore“outthere”skills.(作為一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人,她說她擁有兩個(gè)世界中最好的工作——在一個(gè)傾向于內(nèi)向的都是教授的環(huán)境中工作,同時(shí)又能教書,這需要她更多的“外行”技能。)

2)綜合理解:由此可知,DeborahBarrett認(rèn)為對(duì)于一個(gè)在內(nèi)向的環(huán)境中工作的人來說,教學(xué)需要更多的“外行”技能。與“內(nèi)向”相對(duì)的是“外向”,根據(jù)上文第3段第3句It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.(內(nèi)向的人是通過思考和反思獲得能量的人,而外向的人是通過社交獲得能量的人。)可知,外向的人更會(huì)社交。因此,此處的“外行”技能指的應(yīng)該是D選項(xiàng)“社交”。A選項(xiàng)“反思”、C選項(xiàng)“激勵(lì)”屬于無中生有,排除;B選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向”,指的是教授所在的環(huán)境傾向與“內(nèi)向”,而不是指教學(xué),該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

23.判斷推理題。

1)句內(nèi)線索:根據(jù)題干“DeborahBarrette在最后一段所說的‘讓我的許多痛苦短路’的意思是”可定位到原文最后一段第1句ifshehadmovedtoalessstimulatingenvironment,thatmighthave“short-circuitedalotofmypain,butIalsobelieveitwouldhaveshort-circuitedlearningwhat’smademeamuchmorewell-roundedperson”.(如果她換到一個(gè)不那么刺激的環(huán)境,這可能會(huì)“______,但我也相信,這也會(huì)_____學(xué)到的知識(shí),而正是這些知識(shí)使我成為一個(gè)更全面的人”。)由此可知,劃線句的內(nèi)容是“她”去到一個(gè)不那么刺激的環(huán)境的好處。

2)上下文線索:根據(jù)第7段第1句Anintrovertherself,shesays…“作為一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人,她說……”由此可知,他是一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人。

3)綜合理解:對(duì)于一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人來說,在一個(gè)刺激的環(huán)境工作,是痛苦的,那么換到一個(gè)不那么刺激的環(huán)境,她的痛苦應(yīng)該是減少了的,B選項(xiàng)“給她省了不少麻煩”表述符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“毀了她很多幸?!薄選項(xiàng)“使她更加痛苦”,與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾,排除;C選項(xiàng)“減輕了她的負(fù)擔(dān)”,原文并未提到“負(fù)擔(dān)”,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

24.推理判斷題。

1)句內(nèi)線索:題干“我們可以從DeborahBarrett的案例中了解到內(nèi)向的人____?!?/p>

A選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該和外向的人共用辦公室”,可定位到第10段第1句Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,(如果你沒有辦公室,很容易被閑聊分心,)原文只是假設(shè)沒有辦公室的話,并沒有說他們不應(yīng)該和別人共用辦公室,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念,排除。

B選項(xiàng)“很容易被閑聊惹惱”,可定位到第10段第1句Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,(如果你沒有辦公室又很容易被閑聊分心的話,)原文的是“分心”,而不是選項(xiàng)中的“惹惱”,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文,排除。

C、D選項(xiàng)可定位到第9段Makegooduseofe-mail.Ifyoudon’tgettomakeapointataloudmeeting,sendafollow-upemailsharingyourthoughts.(好好利用電子郵件。如果你沒有在一個(gè)喧鬧的會(huì)議上表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn),發(fā)一封后續(xù)郵件分享你的想法。)原文“發(fā)電子郵件”是DeborahBarrett給內(nèi)向的人的建議,并沒有說他們就喜歡這么做,C選項(xiàng)“喜歡通過電子郵件與他人交流”屬于偷換概念,排除;通過他們沒有在會(huì)議上表達(dá)自己的看法,可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)“不愿意在公共場合表達(dá)自己的想法”,符合原文。

2)綜合理解:只有D選項(xiàng)符合原文。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

7.翻譯題

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館,它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代博物館屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館,它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果,這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用,但是,它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動(dòng)的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里,觀眾可以自己動(dòng)手去操作,自己細(xì)心體察。這樣。他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù),去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧秘。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsisnaturemuseumintheworld,whichshowspeopletheevolutionoftheearthandthelivingthingswithfossilsandsamplesspecimen.Thesecondgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsofindustrialtechnology,whichshowthestageeffectsofindustrialcivilization.Thesetwomuseumsplaytheroleofspreadingscienceandknowledge,butthevisitorsaretreatedaspassivespectators.

Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsoftotalnewideas,wherethevisitorscanoperatethedisplayedobjectsandobserveeverythingcarefully.Inthisway,theyaremoreclosetotheadvancedtechnologyandareabletoexplorethesecretsofscienceandtechnology.

8.單選題

Cometsarestillregardedwithawebysomepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wonder

B.concern

C.resentment

D.detachment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。awe意為“敬畏,驚嘆”;wonder意為“驚異,驚嘆”;concern意為“涉及,關(guān)系到”;resentment意為“憤恨,不滿”;detachment意為“超然,公正,獨(dú)立”。

句意:一些人仍然敬畏彗星。

9.單選題

Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost()one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.universal

B.abstract

C.arbitrary

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在學(xué)校的許多科目中,數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門,因?yàn)樗z毫不會(huì)取決于學(xué)生的文化背景。

考查形容詞辨析。universal普遍的,通用的,全世界的;abstract抽象的,純理論的;arbitrary任意的,武斷的,專制的;concrete實(shí)在的,具體的。根據(jù)后面句意“因?yàn)樗z毫不會(huì)取決于學(xué)生的文化背景”可知這里應(yīng)該指數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門學(xué)科。

10.單選題

We'vejustinstalledafan(

)tocookingsmellsfromthekitchen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eject

B.expel

C.exclude

D.exile

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。eject“噴射,驅(qū)逐”;expel“驅(qū)逐”;exclude“排除,排出”;exile“放逐,流放”。句意:我們剛剛安裝了一臺(tái)風(fēng)扇來排出廚房的煙氣。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Traditionalforensicevidencehaslongplayedaroleincriminaljustice.Butcurrentlypoisedonthehorizonisanewgenerationofforensicsciencescapableofinvestigatingandinculpatingsuspectsonanorderofpowerfargreaterthanthataffordedbytraditionalforensictechniques.Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging,representamarkedadvanceovertherudimentarytechniquesofold,andwillsurelystakeacentralandindispensableroleinthefutureadministrationofcriminaljustice.

Yettheexperienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques.Inrecentyears,thelegitimacyofevidentiarystalwartslikehandwriting,voiceexemplars,hairandfiber,biteandtoolmarks,andevenfingerprintshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion.Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.

Ofcourse,theunreliabilityoftraditionaltechniques,andthefailureofthecriminaljusticesystemtokeepoutsuchinvalidevidence,hasinlargepartbeenexposedthroughtheuseofthenew,morereliableforensictechniquessuchasDNAtyping.Accordingly,theconventionalwisdomtendstoassertthatthequalitiesthatmakenewmethodssodesirableandreliablewilllikewiserenderthesetechniqueslesssusceptible,ifnotwhollyimmune,fromtheproblemsthatplaguedtraditionalsciences.Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.

Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.Infact,asthisArticleargues,theverycharacteristicsthatmakethisnewgenerationofforensicevidencesopromisingserveonlytoenhancetheneedforconcernabouttheuseofsuchevidenceinthecriminaljusticesystem.

ErinMurphy:THENEWFORENSICS:CRIMINALJUSTICE,FALSECERTAINTY,

ANDTHESECONDGENERATIONOFSCIENTIFICEVIDENCE

79.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanewgenerationforensictechnology?

80.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphshowsthattheauthorthinksthat___.

81.Thebesttopicforthe3rdparagraphis___.

82.Thelastparagraphshowsthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthereliabilityofnewtechniquesis___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtyping

B.Mining

C.ForensicMRIimaging

D.Biometrictechnologies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelegitimacyoftheoldevidentiarystalwartshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion

B.thecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants

C.experienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques

D.theoldtechnologiesdonotworkanymore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheNewTechniquesisWelcomebyMore,EventheCriticsoftheOldTechniques

B.TheUnreliabilityofTraditionalTechniquesisExposedthroughtheUseoftheNewTechniques

C.TheNewTechniquesareImmunefromtheProblemsoftheTraditionalSciences

D.TheNewMethodologiesOffera“NewScientificParadigm”forForensicEvidence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contradict

B.trustworthy

C.complimentary

D.suspicious

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】79.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到第一段Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging…(這一系列令人興奮的新方法——如DNA分型、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、生物識(shí)別技術(shù)和法醫(yī)MRI成像……)可知A選項(xiàng)“DNA分型”,C選項(xiàng)“法醫(yī)MRI成像”和D選項(xiàng)“生物技術(shù)”原文有提及;B選項(xiàng)“礦業(yè)”不屬于原文提到的內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

80.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.(例如,一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),有缺陷的科學(xué)證據(jù)導(dǎo)致了超過一半的錯(cuò)誤定罪),結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二句Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.(關(guān)于免除罪的研究表明,刑事司法系統(tǒng)在歷史上一直未能阻止偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪的被告有罪,其程度令人震驚)可知最后一句是為了支持刑事司法系統(tǒng)未能防止偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪這一觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù);選B選項(xiàng)“從歷史上看,刑事司法系統(tǒng)未能防止偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪”;A選項(xiàng)“老證據(jù)的正當(dāng)性受到了嚴(yán)重的質(zhì)疑”,C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)法醫(yī)學(xué)在刑事司法系統(tǒng)中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告誡人們不要急于接受這些新技術(shù)”以及D選項(xiàng)“舊的技術(shù)已經(jīng)不起作用了”都屬于過度推測,排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

81.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一句Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.(許多傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)的批評(píng)者甚至接受了新的方法論,為法醫(yī)證據(jù)提供了一種“新的科學(xué)范式”,其中一個(gè)“未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)和半知情的猜測被一個(gè)健全的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和正當(dāng)?shù)膮f(xié)議所取代”)以及第三段其他內(nèi)容:新的司法鑒定技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的不可靠性和刑事審判制度無法阻止假證據(jù)的問題暴露無遺,傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,新技術(shù)可靠的特性同樣也使這些技術(shù)免受傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)遭遇到的問題的影響。許多對(duì)傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)持批判態(tài)度的人也支持起新技術(shù)來,將它視為用于法醫(yī)鑒定證據(jù)的新的科學(xué)范式,可以看出作者在這一段主要討論的是D選項(xiàng)“新方法為法醫(yī)證據(jù)提供了一種‘新的科學(xué)范式’”,同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)的使用暴露了傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的不可靠性”和A選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)受到更多,甚至是舊技術(shù)的批評(píng)者的歡迎”以偏概全;以及C選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)不受傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)問題的影響”第三段未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

82.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.(但是,一個(gè)未能制止濫用明顯有缺陷的法醫(yī)證據(jù)形式的制度,在確保證據(jù)的完整性和促進(jìn)科學(xué)健康發(fā)展方面,也可能完全沒有能力保障使用更有力、更復(fù)雜的證據(jù)形式)可知作者對(duì)于新技術(shù)的可靠性是有所懷疑的,選D選項(xiàng)“可疑”,同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“值得信賴”錯(cuò)誤;A選項(xiàng)“矛盾”以及C選項(xiàng)“免費(fèi)”不符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Iknownowthatthemanwhosatwithmeonthewoodenstairsthathotsummernightoverthirty-fiveyearsagowasnotatallman.Buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Wesatsidebyside,watchingthesungodownbehindtheoldTexacoservicestationacrossthebusystreet,astreetthatIwasneverallowedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult,orattheveryleast,anoldersibling.

Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa’spipekeptthehungrymosquitoesatbaywhilegray,wispyswirlsdancedaroundourheads.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughedasItriedtotargettheholewithmyfinger.I,cladinacoolsummernight,andGrandpa,hissleevelessT-shirt,satwatchingthetraffic.Wecountedcarsandtriedtoguessthecolorsofthenextonetoturnthecorner:

Onceagain,Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances,thefourthbornofsixchildren,itwasnotuncommonthatIwaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomething.ThisnightIwasboth.Whilemytwobabybrotherssleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersiblingsplayedwithfriendsaroundthecorner,whereIwasnotallowedtogo.IstayedwithGrandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.IwaswhereIwantedtobe.Mygrandfatherwasbabysittingwhilemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwentout.

“Thirsty?”Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth.

“Yes”,wasmyreply.

“HowwouldyouliketorunovertothegasstationthereandgetyourselfabottleofCoke?”

Icouldn’tbelievemyears.HadIhearditright?Washetalkingtome?Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet.AfewtantalizingsipswasallIhadeverhad,andcertainlynevermyownbottle.

“Okay.”Irepliedshyly,alreadywonderinghowIwouldgetacrossthestreet.SurelyGrandpawasgoingtocomewithme.

Grandpastretchedhislonglegoutstraightandreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.Icouldhearthefamiliarjanglingoftheloosechangehealwayscarried.Openinghisfist,heexposedamoundofsilvercoins.Theremusthavebeenamilliondollarsthere.Heinstructedmetopickoutadime.Afterhedepositedtherestofthechangebackintohispocket,hestoodup.

“Okay.”Hesaid,helpingmedownthestairsandtothecurb,“I’mgoingtostayhereandkeepanearoutforthebabies,I’lltellyouwhenit’ssafetocross.YougoovertotheCokemachine,getyourCokeandcomebackout.Waitformetotellyouwhenit’ssafetocrossback.”

Myheartpounded.Iclutchedmydimetightlyinmysweatypalm.Excitementtookmybreathaway.

Grandpaheldmyhandtightly.Togetherwelookedupthestreetanddown,andbackupagain.Hesteppedoffthecurbandtoldmeitwassafetocross.HeletgoofmyhandandIran.IranfasterthanIhadeverrunbefore.Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheotherside.Reachingtheotherside,IturnedtofindGrandpa.Therehewas,standingexactlywherelefthim,smilingproudly.Iwaved.

“Goon,hurryup,”heyelled.

MyheartpoundedwildlyasIwalkedinsidethedarkgarage.Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar.IheardtheCoca-ColamachinemotorhummingevenbeforeIsawit.Iwalkeddirectlytothebigoldred-whitedispenser.Iknewwheretoinsertmydime.Ihadseenitdonebeforeandhadfantasizedaboutmomentmanytimes.

Thebigoldmonstergreedilyacceptedmydime,andIheardthebottlesshift.OntiptoesIreachedupandopenedtheheavydoor.Theretheywere:oneneatrowofthickgreenbottles,necksstaringdirectlyatme,andicecoldfromtherefrigeration.Iheldthedooropenwithmyshoulderandgrabbedone.Withaquickyank,Ipulleditfreefromitsbondage.Anotheroneimmediatelytookitsplace.Thebottlewascoldinmysweatyhands.Iwillneverforgetthefeelingofthecoolglassonmyskin.Withtwohands,Ipositionedthebottleneckundertheheavybrassopenerthatwasboltedtothewall.Thecapdroppedintoanoldwoodenbox,andIreachedintoretrieveit.Itwascoldandbentinthemiddle,outIknewIneededtohavethissouvenir.Cokeinhand,Iproudlymarchedbackoutintotheearlyeveningdusk.Grandpawaswaitingpatiently.Hesmiled.

“Stoprightthere”,heyelled.Oneortwocarsspedbyme,andonceagain,Grandpasteppedoffthecurb.“Comeon,now”hesaid,“run.”Idid.Coolbrownfoamsprayedmyhands.“Don’teverdothatalone,”hewarned,Iheldthecokebottletightly;fearfulhewouldmakemepouritintoacup,ruiningthisdreamcometrue.Hedidn’t.Onelongswallowofthecoldbeveragecooledmysweatingbody.Idon’tthinkIeverfeltsoproud.

1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecaninferthat().

2.Bysaying“Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances”inthethirdparagraph,theauthormeans().

3.Theauthor’sgrandpawasdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT().

4.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweentheauthorandhisGrandpawas().

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorwouldpreferplayingwithhisthreeoldersiblingstostayingwithhisgrandpa

B.theywerelivinginthesuburbswheretherewerenottoomuchtrafficontheroad.

C.thegrandpawasalwaystheonetobabysitfortheauthorandhissiblings.

D.theauthorenjoyedthetimethathespentwithhisgrandpa.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewasfacingadilemmaanddidnotknowwhatdecisiontomake

B.hewascaughtwhenhewasdoingsomethingthathewasnotsupposedtodo

C.hewaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomethingasthefourthbornofsixchildren

D.hewasdoingsomethingthatrequiredhimtoconsiderdifferentcircumstances

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.considerate

B.stingy

C.careful

D.kind

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.close

B.remote

C.tense

D.impossibletotell

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorcrossedthestreetbyhimself

B.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorwentinthatgarage

C.TheauthorboughttheCoca-Colafromavendingmachine.

D.Theauthor’sgrandpakeptaneyeonhimthewholetime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“我們可以從前面三段中得出什么結(jié)論?”文章第三段提到我沒有被允許同三個(gè)哥哥姐姐一起玩,只能跟爺爺待一起,而這正是我愿意的(IwaswhereIwantedtobe),由此可以看出我愿意跟爺爺待在一塊,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者在第三段中提到‘我左右為難’,意味著什么?”文章第三段提到“我”在六個(gè)孩子中排行第四,所以很多事情他要么太大,要么太小,處于中間,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列關(guān)于爺爺?shù)拿枋瞿捻?xiàng)不正確?”文章第七段提到爺爺給作者買可樂,由于家庭條件一般,作者對(duì)爺爺給他買可樂這個(gè)舉動(dòng)表示驚訝(Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet),因此可以看出爺爺不是一個(gè)吝嗇的人,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從文中我們可以看出作者與他爺爺?shù)年P(guān)系怎么樣?”文章提到作者喜歡跟爺爺待在一起,爺爺會(huì)給他買可樂可以看出兩人的關(guān)系是比較親密的,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知,下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的?”文章倒數(shù)第三段提到我以前和父親一起進(jìn)過車庫,周圍的環(huán)境比較熟悉(Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar),由此可知他不是第一次去車庫,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使發(fā)狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate報(bào)復(fù);disservice傷害,虐待。句意:薩拉斯是國王郡1.3萬名雇員之一,他們將被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸煙或是否有其他與健康有關(guān)的惡習(xí)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.翻譯題

當(dāng)今世界正處在大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整時(shí)期。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展,國際金融危機(jī)影響繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn),氣候變化、能源資源、公共衛(wèi)生安全等全球性問題突出,國際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題此起彼伏。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè),需要世界各國人民加強(qiáng)合作、同舟共濟(jì)。

中國改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的顯著成就,人民生活繼續(xù)改善,社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。中國積極參加應(yīng)對(duì)國際金融危機(jī)、氣候變化等問題的國際合作,擴(kuò)大同世界各國交流合作,為世界和平與發(fā)展做出了新的貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】【參考譯文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.

China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Addi

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