版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川文化藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Youshouldbuytheshirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial______whenyouwashesit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.decreases
B.expands
C.shrinks
D.diminishes
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)decrease“減少,減小,降低”,B項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)張,使膨脹”,C項(xiàng)shrink“(使)縮小,(使)收縮,(衣服、布料)縮水”,D項(xiàng)diminish“減少,縮小”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息onesizelargerthanyouusuallywear“比平時(shí)穿的大一號(hào)”,結(jié)合空格前的詞語material“材料”可知,空格處填入shrink“縮水”符合語境。句意:你應(yīng)該買一件比你平時(shí)穿的大一號(hào)的襯衫,因?yàn)檫@種布料洗時(shí)會(huì)縮水。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Whenshesawherboyfriend’seyesskimreflectivelyoverherbody,shefeltherselfunderhispotentmalegaze______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.deteriorate
B.revolt
C.blush
D.blink
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化,變壞”,B項(xiàng)revolt“反抗,反叛,叛逆”,C項(xiàng)blush“臉紅,感到慚愧”,D項(xiàng)blink“眨眼,使……閃爍”。由Whenshesawherboyfriend’seyesskimreflectivelyoverherbody“當(dāng)她看到男友若有所思的目光掠過她的身上時(shí)”可知,空格處填入blush符合語境。句意:當(dāng)她看到男友若有所思的目光掠過她的身上時(shí),她感到自己在他強(qiáng)有力的男性目光下臉紅了。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.premise
B.pretext
C.foundation
D.presentation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premise“前提,假定”;B選項(xiàng)pretext“借口,托詞”;C選項(xiàng)foundation“地基,基礎(chǔ)”;D選項(xiàng)presentation“提交,展示”。根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句“火星上有生命”可知選A。句意:從火星上有生命這一前提出發(fā),這位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)深入他的論點(diǎn)。
4.單選題
Onhearingthenews,IwentuptoDale’sroom,removedthehamsterfromitscageand,paying()attentiontohergrief,proceededtoswingitaroundbyitstailtomakesureitreallywasdead.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.scarce
B.bare
C.insufficient
D.scant
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的,不足的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)罕見,稀有;B選項(xiàng)bare“空的,赤裸的”;C選項(xiàng)insufficient“缺乏能力的”;D選項(xiàng)scant“缺乏的,不足的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是減少,限制。句意:聽到這個(gè)消息后,我前往黛爾的房間,把那只倉鼠從籠子里拿出來,毫不在意她的悲傷,接著提著它的尾巴甩來甩去,看看它是不是真的死了。句中指的是對(duì)黛爾的悲傷視而不見,所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。
5.單選題
Theuseofrobotsandautomatedmachineryhaseliminatedcertain(
)factoryjobs.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thrilling
B.timid
C.enticing
D.tedious
【答案】D
【解析】thrilling激動(dòng)人心的;令人興奮的;timid膽小的,羞怯的;enticing有吸引力的,誘人的;tedious沉悶的,冗長乏味的。句意:機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)化機(jī)器的使用消除了某些單調(diào)乏味的工廠工作。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
6.單選題
Aboutfouryearsago,KerrySturgillfoundherselfatacareercrossroads:Shouldshestayinanindustrypopulatedbyextroverts(外向型的人)orjumpshiptoamorereflectiveplacewhereintrovertslikeherwereinthemajority
Careercounselorshadtoldhertogetoutofthehighlyextrovertedpublicrelationsfields“soyoucanbehappyanddowhatyouare.”Amongthelessfast-pacedareastheypointesto:art,scientificresearch,dataanalysis.
Suchamoveisdefinitelytherightroadformanyintrovertsstrugglingtofitintoanextrovertedworkplace.So,justwhatisanintrovertanyway?It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.Introvertsnaturallyneedtothinkbeforetheyspeak.Extrovertsusethespeakingprocesstofigureoutwhatitistosay.
And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.
Still,inthemodernworldwhereasmanyastwo-thirdsofthepopulationmaybeextroverted,thosewhoaretheoppositecanbemisunderstood.Theycanbeseenasantisocial,secretive,eventerritorial,becausetheycansometimestrytoprotecttheir“space”andquiet.
Workplacescanactuallybenefitfromhavingbothtypes,saysDeborahBarrett,programdirectoroftheRiceUniversityMBAcommunicationsprogram.
Anintrovertherself,shesaysshehasthebestofbothworlds―workinginanenvironmentofprofessors,whotendtowardsintroversion,yetgettingtoteach,whichcallsonhermore“outthere”skills.
Here’sheradviceforthoselookingtofollowthesamepath:
Makegooduseofe-mail.Ifyoudon’tgettomakeapointataloudmeeting,sendafollow-upemailsharingyourthoughts.
Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,considerlisteningtomusicthroughheadphones.Buttakecarenottomakeyourmoresociableneighborsfeelrejected.
Sure,shesays,ifshehadmovedtoalessstimulatingenvironment,thatmighthave“short-circuitedalotofmypain,butIalsobelieveitwouldhaveshort-circuitedlearningwhat’smademeamuchmorewell-roundedperson.”Hermainlesson?“Idon’thavetobeanextrovert.Ijusthavetoplayatbeingoneforanhour.”
19.Accordingtothecareercounselors,____.
20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
21.Accordingtotheauthor,introvertsaresometimesmisunderstoodbecausetheyare____.
22.DeborahBarrettbelievesthatteachingisapracticeof____.
23.By“short-circuitedalotofmypain”(inthelastparagraph),DeborahBarrettemeans“______”.
24.WecanlearnfromDeborahBarrett’scasethatintrovertedpeople____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.introvertsshouldtrytoavoidworkinginahighlyextrovertedenvironment
B.introvertsshouldtrytochangethemselvestofitintoanextrovertedworkingenvironment
C.extrovertsshouldworkinlessfast-pacedareassuchasartandscientificresearch
D.introvertscanbehappieriftheycanfindjobsinthefieldofpublicrelations
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Peoplewithintrovertedpersonalityhavesomedisadvantagesinfindingjobs.
B.Peoplewithintrovertedpersonalityhavesomeadvantagesinworkingwithothers.
C.Bothintrovertedandextrovertedpeoplehavemeritsanddemerits.
D.Mostworkplacesneedmoreextrovertedpeoplethanintrovertedones.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.antisocial
B.reserved
C.aggressive
D.queer
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.reflection
B.introversion
C.energizing
D.socializing
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ruinedalotofherhappiness
B.savedheralotoftrouble
C.relievedherofaheavyburden
D.addedtohersufferings
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.shouldnotshareofficeswithextrovertedones
B.areeasilyirritatedbysmalltalk
C.liketocommunicatewithothersviae-mail
D.arereluctanttoexpresstheirideasinpublic
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:B
第6題:D
【解析】19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
1)精準(zhǔn)定位:根據(jù)題干“根據(jù)職業(yè)顧問,_____”,可定位到原文第2段Careercounselorshadtoldhertogetoutofthehighlyextrovertedpublicrelationsfields“soyoucanbehappyanddowhatyouare.”Amongthelessfast-pacedareastheypointesto:art,scientificresearch,dataanalysis.(職業(yè)顧問曾告訴她,不要再從事極度外向的公關(guān)行業(yè),“這樣你就能快樂地做自己該做的事?!痹诠?jié)奏較慢的領(lǐng)域,他們指出:藝術(shù)、科學(xué)研究、數(shù)據(jù)分析。)再根據(jù)原文第1段最后一句中introvertslikeher(像她這樣內(nèi)向的人)可知,“她”是一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人。
2)綜合理解:由此可知,職業(yè)顧問認(rèn)為內(nèi)向的人不要從事過度外向的行業(yè),比如公關(guān),而應(yīng)該去節(jié)奏較慢的行業(yè),比如藝術(shù)、科學(xué)研究、數(shù)據(jù)分析,這樣他們會(huì)更快樂。A選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的人應(yīng)該避免在一個(gè)非常外向的環(huán)境中工作”,表述符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的人應(yīng)該努力改變自己,以適應(yīng)外向的工作環(huán)境”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;C選項(xiàng)“外向的人應(yīng)該在節(jié)奏不那么快的領(lǐng)域工作,比如藝術(shù)和科學(xué)研究”,原文說的是“內(nèi)向的人”,而不是選項(xiàng)中的“外向的人”,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴;D選項(xiàng)“如果能找到公共關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的工作,內(nèi)向的人會(huì)更快樂”,表述錯(cuò)誤,原文認(rèn)為內(nèi)向的人離開公關(guān)工作會(huì)更開心,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。
20.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
1)精準(zhǔn)定位:
A選項(xiàng)“性格內(nèi)向的人在找工作時(shí)有一些缺點(diǎn)”,可定位到原文第4段And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.(不用說,這兩種性格都有利有弊。)原文只是說這兩種性格的人都各有利弊,并沒有提他們?cè)谡夜ぷ鲿r(shí)的利弊,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度,排除。
B選項(xiàng)“性格內(nèi)向的人在與他人合作時(shí)有一些優(yōu)勢”,可定位到原文第3段第2-3句So,justwhatisanintrovertanyway?It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.(那么,到底什么是內(nèi)向者呢?內(nèi)向的人是通過思考和反思獲得能量的人,而外向的人是通過社交獲得能量的人。)由此可知,外向的人更適合社交,在與他人合作中更有優(yōu)勢,而不是選項(xiàng)所說的“內(nèi)向的人”,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴,排除。
C選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向和外向的人都有優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”,可定位到原文第4段And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.(不用說,這兩種性格都有利有弊。)由此可知,選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。
D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)工作場所需要更多外向的人而不是內(nèi)向的人”,可定位到原文第6段Workplacescanactuallybenefitfromhavingbothtypes.(工作場所實(shí)際上可以從這兩種類型中受益。)原文的意思是這兩種性格的人工作場所都需要,并沒說哪種人需要的更多,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度,排除。
2)綜合理解:只有C選項(xiàng)表述正確,符合題意。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。
21.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
1)精準(zhǔn)定位:根據(jù)題干“根據(jù)作者的說法,內(nèi)向的人有時(shí)會(huì)被誤解,因?yàn)樗麄兪莀___”,可定位到原文第5段第1句Still,inthemodernworldwhereasmanyastwo-thirdsofthepopulationmaybeextroverted,thosewhoaretheoppositecanbemisunderstood.(然而,在現(xiàn)代世界中,多達(dá)三分之二的人可能是外向的,那些性格相反的人可能會(huì)被誤解。)和第5段第2句Theycanbeseenasantisocial,secretive,eventerritorial,becausetheycansometimestrytoprotecttheir“space”andquiet.(他們可能被認(rèn)為是反社會(huì)的、神秘的,甚至是有領(lǐng)土意識(shí)的,因?yàn)樗麄冇袝r(shí)會(huì)試圖保護(hù)自己的“空間”并且安靜。)
2)綜合理解:由此可知,作者認(rèn)為他們被誤解的原因是“他們?cè)噲D保護(hù)自己的‘空間’并且安靜”,B選項(xiàng)“寡言少語的;矜持的”最符合原文。C選項(xiàng)“好斗的;有進(jìn)取心的”、D選項(xiàng)“奇怪的”均屬于曲解原文,排除;A選項(xiàng)“反社會(huì)的”表述錯(cuò)誤,這是別人對(duì)內(nèi)向的人的誤解,而不是作者認(rèn)為他們被誤解的原因,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。
22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
1)精準(zhǔn)定位:根據(jù)題干“DeborahBarrett認(rèn)為教學(xué)是____的一種實(shí)踐”,可定位到原文第7段Anintrovertherself,shesaysshehasthebestofbothworlds―workinginanenvironmentofprofessors,whotendtowardsintroversion,yetgettingtoteach,whichcallsonhermore“outthere”skills.(作為一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人,她說她擁有兩個(gè)世界中最好的工作——在一個(gè)傾向于內(nèi)向的都是教授的環(huán)境中工作,同時(shí)又能教書,這需要她更多的“外行”技能。)
2)綜合理解:由此可知,DeborahBarrett認(rèn)為對(duì)于一個(gè)在內(nèi)向的環(huán)境中工作的人來說,教學(xué)需要更多的“外行”技能。與“內(nèi)向”相對(duì)的是“外向”,根據(jù)上文第3段第3句It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.(內(nèi)向的人是通過思考和反思獲得能量的人,而外向的人是通過社交獲得能量的人。)可知,外向的人更會(huì)社交。因此,此處的“外行”技能指的應(yīng)該是D選項(xiàng)“社交”。A選項(xiàng)“反思”、C選項(xiàng)“激勵(lì)”屬于無中生有,排除;B選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向”,指的是教授所在的環(huán)境傾向與“內(nèi)向”,而不是指教學(xué),該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。
23.判斷推理題。
1)句內(nèi)線索:根據(jù)題干“DeborahBarrette在最后一段所說的‘讓我的許多痛苦短路’的意思是”可定位到原文最后一段第1句ifshehadmovedtoalessstimulatingenvironment,thatmighthave“short-circuitedalotofmypain,butIalsobelieveitwouldhaveshort-circuitedlearningwhat’smademeamuchmorewell-roundedperson”.(如果她換到一個(gè)不那么刺激的環(huán)境,這可能會(huì)“______,但我也相信,這也會(huì)_____學(xué)到的知識(shí),而正是這些知識(shí)使我成為一個(gè)更全面的人”。)由此可知,劃線句的內(nèi)容是“她”去到一個(gè)不那么刺激的環(huán)境的好處。
2)上下文線索:根據(jù)第7段第1句Anintrovertherself,shesays…“作為一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人,她說……”由此可知,他是一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人。
3)綜合理解:對(duì)于一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人來說,在一個(gè)刺激的環(huán)境工作,是痛苦的,那么換到一個(gè)不那么刺激的環(huán)境,她的痛苦應(yīng)該是減少了的,B選項(xiàng)“給她省了不少麻煩”表述符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“毀了她很多幸?!薄選項(xiàng)“使她更加痛苦”,與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾,排除;C選項(xiàng)“減輕了她的負(fù)擔(dān)”,原文并未提到“負(fù)擔(dān)”,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。
24.推理判斷題。
1)句內(nèi)線索:題干“我們可以從DeborahBarrett的案例中了解到內(nèi)向的人____?!?/p>
A選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該和外向的人共用辦公室”,可定位到第10段第1句Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,(如果你沒有辦公室,很容易被閑聊分心,)原文只是假設(shè)沒有辦公室的話,并沒有說他們不應(yīng)該和別人共用辦公室,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念,排除。
B選項(xiàng)“很容易被閑聊惹惱”,可定位到第10段第1句Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,(如果你沒有辦公室又很容易被閑聊分心的話,)原文的是“分心”,而不是選項(xiàng)中的“惹惱”,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文,排除。
C、D選項(xiàng)可定位到第9段Makegooduseofe-mail.Ifyoudon’tgettomakeapointataloudmeeting,sendafollow-upemailsharingyourthoughts.(好好利用電子郵件。如果你沒有在一個(gè)喧鬧的會(huì)議上表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn),發(fā)一封后續(xù)郵件分享你的想法。)原文“發(fā)電子郵件”是DeborahBarrett給內(nèi)向的人的建議,并沒有說他們就喜歡這么做,C選項(xiàng)“喜歡通過電子郵件與他人交流”屬于偷換概念,排除;通過他們沒有在會(huì)議上表達(dá)自己的看法,可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)“不愿意在公共場合表達(dá)自己的想法”,符合原文。
2)綜合理解:只有D選項(xiàng)符合原文。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。
7.翻譯題
世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館,它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代博物館屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館,它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果,這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用,但是,它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動(dòng)的旁觀者。
世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里,觀眾可以自己動(dòng)手去操作,自己細(xì)心體察。這樣。他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù),去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧秘。
【答案】Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsisnaturemuseumintheworld,whichshowspeopletheevolutionoftheearthandthelivingthingswithfossilsandsamplesspecimen.Thesecondgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsofindustrialtechnology,whichshowthestageeffectsofindustrialcivilization.Thesetwomuseumsplaytheroleofspreadingscienceandknowledge,butthevisitorsaretreatedaspassivespectators.
Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsismuseumsoftotalnewideas,wherethevisitorscanoperatethedisplayedobjectsandobserveeverythingcarefully.Inthisway,theyaremoreclosetotheadvancedtechnologyandareabletoexplorethesecretsofscienceandtechnology.
8.單選題
Cometsarestillregardedwithawebysomepeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wonder
B.concern
C.resentment
D.detachment
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。awe意為“敬畏,驚嘆”;wonder意為“驚異,驚嘆”;concern意為“涉及,關(guān)系到”;resentment意為“憤恨,不滿”;detachment意為“超然,公正,獨(dú)立”。
句意:一些人仍然敬畏彗星。
9.單選題
Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost()one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.universal
B.abstract
C.arbitrary
D.concrete
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在學(xué)校的許多科目中,數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門,因?yàn)樗z毫不會(huì)取決于學(xué)生的文化背景。
考查形容詞辨析。universal普遍的,通用的,全世界的;abstract抽象的,純理論的;arbitrary任意的,武斷的,專制的;concrete實(shí)在的,具體的。根據(jù)后面句意“因?yàn)樗z毫不會(huì)取決于學(xué)生的文化背景”可知這里應(yīng)該指數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門學(xué)科。
10.單選題
We'vejustinstalledafan(
)tocookingsmellsfromthekitchen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eject
B.expel
C.exclude
D.exile
【答案】B
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。eject“噴射,驅(qū)逐”;expel“驅(qū)逐”;exclude“排除,排出”;exile“放逐,流放”。句意:我們剛剛安裝了一臺(tái)風(fēng)扇來排出廚房的煙氣。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.單選題
Traditionalforensicevidencehaslongplayedaroleincriminaljustice.Butcurrentlypoisedonthehorizonisanewgenerationofforensicsciencescapableofinvestigatingandinculpatingsuspectsonanorderofpowerfargreaterthanthataffordedbytraditionalforensictechniques.Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging,representamarkedadvanceovertherudimentarytechniquesofold,andwillsurelystakeacentralandindispensableroleinthefutureadministrationofcriminaljustice.
Yettheexperienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques.Inrecentyears,thelegitimacyofevidentiarystalwartslikehandwriting,voiceexemplars,hairandfiber,biteandtoolmarks,andevenfingerprintshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion.Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.
Ofcourse,theunreliabilityoftraditionaltechniques,andthefailureofthecriminaljusticesystemtokeepoutsuchinvalidevidence,hasinlargepartbeenexposedthroughtheuseofthenew,morereliableforensictechniquessuchasDNAtyping.Accordingly,theconventionalwisdomtendstoassertthatthequalitiesthatmakenewmethodssodesirableandreliablewilllikewiserenderthesetechniqueslesssusceptible,ifnotwhollyimmune,fromtheproblemsthatplaguedtraditionalsciences.Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.
Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.Infact,asthisArticleargues,theverycharacteristicsthatmakethisnewgenerationofforensicevidencesopromisingserveonlytoenhancetheneedforconcernabouttheuseofsuchevidenceinthecriminaljusticesystem.
ErinMurphy:THENEWFORENSICS:CRIMINALJUSTICE,FALSECERTAINTY,
ANDTHESECONDGENERATIONOFSCIENTIFICEVIDENCE
79.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanewgenerationforensictechnology?
80.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphshowsthattheauthorthinksthat___.
81.Thebesttopicforthe3rdparagraphis___.
82.Thelastparagraphshowsthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthereliabilityofnewtechniquesis___.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.DNAtyping
B.Mining
C.ForensicMRIimaging
D.Biometrictechnologies
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thelegitimacyoftheoldevidentiarystalwartshasbeenseriouslycalledintoquestion
B.thecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants
C.experienceoftraditionalforensicsciencesinthecriminaljusticesystemcautionagainstrushingtooquicklytoembracethesenewtechniques
D.theoldtechnologiesdonotworkanymore
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.TheNewTechniquesisWelcomebyMore,EventheCriticsoftheOldTechniques
B.TheUnreliabilityofTraditionalTechniquesisExposedthroughtheUseoftheNewTechniques
C.TheNewTechniquesareImmunefromtheProblemsoftheTraditionalSciences
D.TheNewMethodologiesOffera“NewScientificParadigm”forForensicEvidence
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.contradict
B.trustworthy
C.complimentary
D.suspicious
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
【解析】79.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到第一段Thisarrayofexcitingnewmethods—suchasDNAtyping,datamining,biometrictechnologies,andforensicMRIimaging…(這一系列令人興奮的新方法——如DNA分型、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、生物識(shí)別技術(shù)和法醫(yī)MRI成像……)可知A選項(xiàng)“DNA分型”,C選項(xiàng)“法醫(yī)MRI成像”和D選項(xiàng)“生物技術(shù)”原文有提及;B選項(xiàng)“礦業(yè)”不屬于原文提到的內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
80.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,onestudyfoundthatdefectivescientificevidencecontributedtooverone-halfofwrongfullyobtainedconvictions.(例如,一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),有缺陷的科學(xué)證據(jù)導(dǎo)致了超過一半的錯(cuò)誤定罪),結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二句Exonerationstudieshavedemonstratedtheshockingdegreetowhichthecriminaljusticesystemhashistoricallyfailedtopreventspurioussciencesandfaultyorfraudulentevidencefromservingtoconvictinnocentdefendants.(關(guān)于免除罪的研究表明,刑事司法系統(tǒng)在歷史上一直未能阻止偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪的被告有罪,其程度令人震驚)可知最后一句是為了支持刑事司法系統(tǒng)未能防止偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪這一觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù);選B選項(xiàng)“從歷史上看,刑事司法系統(tǒng)未能防止偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤或欺詐性證據(jù)被判無罪”;A選項(xiàng)“老證據(jù)的正當(dāng)性受到了嚴(yán)重的質(zhì)疑”,C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)法醫(yī)學(xué)在刑事司法系統(tǒng)中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告誡人們不要急于接受這些新技術(shù)”以及D選項(xiàng)“舊的技術(shù)已經(jīng)不起作用了”都屬于過度推測,排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
81.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一句Manycriticsoftraditionalscienceshaveevenembracednewmethodologiesasofferinga“newscientificparadigm”forforensicevidence,oneinwhich“untestedassumptionsandsemi-informedguessworkisreplacedbyasoundscientificfoundationandjustifiableprotocols”.(許多傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)的批評(píng)者甚至接受了新的方法論,為法醫(yī)證據(jù)提供了一種“新的科學(xué)范式”,其中一個(gè)“未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)和半知情的猜測被一個(gè)健全的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和正當(dāng)?shù)膮f(xié)議所取代”)以及第三段其他內(nèi)容:新的司法鑒定技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的不可靠性和刑事審判制度無法阻止假證據(jù)的問題暴露無遺,傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,新技術(shù)可靠的特性同樣也使這些技術(shù)免受傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)遭遇到的問題的影響。許多對(duì)傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)持批判態(tài)度的人也支持起新技術(shù)來,將它視為用于法醫(yī)鑒定證據(jù)的新的科學(xué)范式,可以看出作者在這一段主要討論的是D選項(xiàng)“新方法為法醫(yī)證據(jù)提供了一種‘新的科學(xué)范式’”,同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)的使用暴露了傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的不可靠性”和A選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)受到更多,甚至是舊技術(shù)的批評(píng)者的歡迎”以偏概全;以及C選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)不受傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)問題的影響”第三段未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
82.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Butitstandstoreasonthatasystemthatfailedtostemtheabuseofobviouslyfaultyformsofforensicevidencemightalsobewhollyill-equippedtosafeguardtheuseofmorerobust,complicatedformsofsuchevidence,bothintermsofassuringitsintegrityandoffosteringhealthyscientificdevelopment.(但是,一個(gè)未能制止濫用明顯有缺陷的法醫(yī)證據(jù)形式的制度,在確保證據(jù)的完整性和促進(jìn)科學(xué)健康發(fā)展方面,也可能完全沒有能力保障使用更有力、更復(fù)雜的證據(jù)形式)可知作者對(duì)于新技術(shù)的可靠性是有所懷疑的,選D選項(xiàng)“可疑”,同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“值得信賴”錯(cuò)誤;A選項(xiàng)“矛盾”以及C選項(xiàng)“免費(fèi)”不符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Iknownowthatthemanwhosatwithmeonthewoodenstairsthathotsummernightoverthirty-fiveyearsagowasnotatallman.Buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Wesatsidebyside,watchingthesungodownbehindtheoldTexacoservicestationacrossthebusystreet,astreetthatIwasneverallowedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult,orattheveryleast,anoldersibling.
Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa’spipekeptthehungrymosquitoesatbaywhilegray,wispyswirlsdancedaroundourheads.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughedasItriedtotargettheholewithmyfinger.I,cladinacoolsummernight,andGrandpa,hissleevelessT-shirt,satwatchingthetraffic.Wecountedcarsandtriedtoguessthecolorsofthenextonetoturnthecorner:
Onceagain,Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances,thefourthbornofsixchildren,itwasnotuncommonthatIwaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomething.ThisnightIwasboth.Whilemytwobabybrotherssleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersiblingsplayedwithfriendsaroundthecorner,whereIwasnotallowedtogo.IstayedwithGrandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.IwaswhereIwantedtobe.Mygrandfatherwasbabysittingwhilemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwentout.
“Thirsty?”Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth.
“Yes”,wasmyreply.
“HowwouldyouliketorunovertothegasstationthereandgetyourselfabottleofCoke?”
Icouldn’tbelievemyears.HadIhearditright?Washetalkingtome?Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet.AfewtantalizingsipswasallIhadeverhad,andcertainlynevermyownbottle.
“Okay.”Irepliedshyly,alreadywonderinghowIwouldgetacrossthestreet.SurelyGrandpawasgoingtocomewithme.
Grandpastretchedhislonglegoutstraightandreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.Icouldhearthefamiliarjanglingoftheloosechangehealwayscarried.Openinghisfist,heexposedamoundofsilvercoins.Theremusthavebeenamilliondollarsthere.Heinstructedmetopickoutadime.Afterhedepositedtherestofthechangebackintohispocket,hestoodup.
“Okay.”Hesaid,helpingmedownthestairsandtothecurb,“I’mgoingtostayhereandkeepanearoutforthebabies,I’lltellyouwhenit’ssafetocross.YougoovertotheCokemachine,getyourCokeandcomebackout.Waitformetotellyouwhenit’ssafetocrossback.”
Myheartpounded.Iclutchedmydimetightlyinmysweatypalm.Excitementtookmybreathaway.
Grandpaheldmyhandtightly.Togetherwelookedupthestreetanddown,andbackupagain.Hesteppedoffthecurbandtoldmeitwassafetocross.HeletgoofmyhandandIran.IranfasterthanIhadeverrunbefore.Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheotherside.Reachingtheotherside,IturnedtofindGrandpa.Therehewas,standingexactlywherelefthim,smilingproudly.Iwaved.
“Goon,hurryup,”heyelled.
MyheartpoundedwildlyasIwalkedinsidethedarkgarage.Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar.IheardtheCoca-ColamachinemotorhummingevenbeforeIsawit.Iwalkeddirectlytothebigoldred-whitedispenser.Iknewwheretoinsertmydime.Ihadseenitdonebeforeandhadfantasizedaboutmomentmanytimes.
Thebigoldmonstergreedilyacceptedmydime,andIheardthebottlesshift.OntiptoesIreachedupandopenedtheheavydoor.Theretheywere:oneneatrowofthickgreenbottles,necksstaringdirectlyatme,andicecoldfromtherefrigeration.Iheldthedooropenwithmyshoulderandgrabbedone.Withaquickyank,Ipulleditfreefromitsbondage.Anotheroneimmediatelytookitsplace.Thebottlewascoldinmysweatyhands.Iwillneverforgetthefeelingofthecoolglassonmyskin.Withtwohands,Ipositionedthebottleneckundertheheavybrassopenerthatwasboltedtothewall.Thecapdroppedintoanoldwoodenbox,andIreachedintoretrieveit.Itwascoldandbentinthemiddle,outIknewIneededtohavethissouvenir.Cokeinhand,Iproudlymarchedbackoutintotheearlyeveningdusk.Grandpawaswaitingpatiently.Hesmiled.
“Stoprightthere”,heyelled.Oneortwocarsspedbyme,andonceagain,Grandpasteppedoffthecurb.“Comeon,now”hesaid,“run.”Idid.Coolbrownfoamsprayedmyhands.“Don’teverdothatalone,”hewarned,Iheldthecokebottletightly;fearfulhewouldmakemepouritintoacup,ruiningthisdreamcometrue.Hedidn’t.Onelongswallowofthecoldbeveragecooledmysweatingbody.Idon’tthinkIeverfeltsoproud.
1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecaninferthat().
2.Bysaying“Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances”inthethirdparagraph,theauthormeans().
3.Theauthor’sgrandpawasdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT().
4.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweentheauthorandhisGrandpawas().
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theauthorwouldpreferplayingwithhisthreeoldersiblingstostayingwithhisgrandpa
B.theywerelivinginthesuburbswheretherewerenottoomuchtrafficontheroad.
C.thegrandpawasalwaystheonetobabysitfortheauthorandhissiblings.
D.theauthorenjoyedthetimethathespentwithhisgrandpa.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.hewasfacingadilemmaanddidnotknowwhatdecisiontomake
B.hewascaughtwhenhewasdoingsomethingthathewasnotsupposedtodo
C.hewaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomethingasthefourthbornofsixchildren
D.hewasdoingsomethingthatrequiredhimtoconsiderdifferentcircumstances
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.considerate
B.stingy
C.careful
D.kind
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.close
B.remote
C.tense
D.impossibletotell
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorcrossedthestreetbyhimself
B.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorwentinthatgarage
C.TheauthorboughttheCoca-Colafromavendingmachine.
D.Theauthor’sgrandpakeptaneyeonhimthewholetime.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“我們可以從前面三段中得出什么結(jié)論?”文章第三段提到我沒有被允許同三個(gè)哥哥姐姐一起玩,只能跟爺爺待一起,而這正是我愿意的(IwaswhereIwantedtobe),由此可以看出我愿意跟爺爺待在一塊,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者在第三段中提到‘我左右為難’,意味著什么?”文章第三段提到“我”在六個(gè)孩子中排行第四,所以很多事情他要么太大,要么太小,處于中間,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列關(guān)于爺爺?shù)拿枋瞿捻?xiàng)不正確?”文章第七段提到爺爺給作者買可樂,由于家庭條件一般,作者對(duì)爺爺給他買可樂這個(gè)舉動(dòng)表示驚訝(Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet),因此可以看出爺爺不是一個(gè)吝嗇的人,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從文中我們可以看出作者與他爺爺?shù)年P(guān)系怎么樣?”文章提到作者喜歡跟爺爺待在一起,爺爺會(huì)給他買可樂可以看出兩人的關(guān)系是比較親密的,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知,下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的?”文章倒數(shù)第三段提到我以前和父親一起進(jìn)過車庫,周圍的環(huán)境比較熟悉(Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar),由此可知他不是第一次去車庫,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
13.單選題
Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dement
B.divulge
C.retaliate
D.disservice
【答案】B
【解析】dement使發(fā)狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate報(bào)復(fù);disservice傷害,虐待。句意:薩拉斯是國王郡1.3萬名雇員之一,他們將被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸煙或是否有其他與健康有關(guān)的惡習(xí)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
14.翻譯題
當(dāng)今世界正處在大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整時(shí)期。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展,國際金融危機(jī)影響繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn),氣候變化、能源資源、公共衛(wèi)生安全等全球性問題突出,國際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題此起彼伏。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè),需要世界各國人民加強(qiáng)合作、同舟共濟(jì)。
中國改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的顯著成就,人民生活繼續(xù)改善,社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。中國積極參加應(yīng)對(duì)國際金融危機(jī)、氣候變化等問題的國際合作,擴(kuò)大同世界各國交流合作,為世界和平與發(fā)展做出了新的貢獻(xiàn)。
【答案】【參考譯文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.
China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.
15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Addi
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2024年噪聲振動(dòng)污染防治合作協(xié)議書
- 房地產(chǎn)委托銷售代理合同
- 臨時(shí)圍墻施工合同
- 配件供貨協(xié)議合同模板
- 電視廣告制作發(fā)布合同模板
- 耐磨 風(fēng)機(jī)采購合同模板
- 賓館用品購銷合同模板
- 產(chǎn)品批發(fā)商合同模板
- 油田施工隊(duì)伍安全合同模板
- 藥劑銷售合同模板
- 醫(yī)院培訓(xùn)課件:《醫(yī)療質(zhì)量安全核心制度要點(diǎn)解讀》
- 13 唐詩五首-使至塞上 課件(共22張)
- 《數(shù)字地圖制圖》課件
- 幼兒園:中班社會(huì)《桌子底下的動(dòng)物園》
- 縣利用省外資金情況匯報(bào)材料
- 蘇教小學(xué)美術(shù)四上《第8課做做海洋生物》PPT課件
- 一人公司章程范本
- 水路兩棲艇的設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文
- 切實(shí)做好水土保持工作的幾點(diǎn)建議
- XX小學(xué)心理健康狀況摸排一覽表
- 施工招標(biāo)投標(biāo)程序流程圖
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論