考研考博-英語-復(fù)旦大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-復(fù)旦大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

問題1選項

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：他寫下了地址，以免忘記。橫線到句尾部分是原因狀語從句。A選項incase“以免”，不加not；B選項lest“以免”；C選項inorderthat“以便”；D選項fear“擔(dān)心”，offearthat不合語法。寫下地址是為了防止忘記和語法正確性，B選項lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Massmediaasacarrierandavenueofmessage（

）hasmoreandmoreimportantfunctionandforceinmodemsociety.

問題1選項

A.prognosis

B.promulgate

C.proclamation

D.prolongation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞和動詞詞義辨析。prognosis預(yù)知；promulgate傳播；proclamation宣布；prolongation延伸。句意：大眾媒體作為信息發(fā)布的載體與渠道，在現(xiàn)代社會中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。根據(jù)句意可知，C項符合題意。

3.單選題

Inordertocontrolanddefeatthedreadfuldiseasesthat____humanity,concertedactivityisnecessary.

問題1選項

A.infect

B.eliminate

C.incredulous

D.plague

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.infect感染；傳染B.eliminate消除；排除

C.incredulous懷疑的；不輕信的D.plague困擾；折磨

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】首先，空格處是從句謂語，應(yīng)填入一個動詞，其次，該詞的賓語為人類，主語為致命的疾病，D選項plague“困擾；折磨”符合語義邏輯。

【干擾項排除】

A選項infect“感染，傳染”，沒有足夠的信息表明疾病是傳染??；

B選項eliminate“消除；排除”，疾病還不足以消滅人類；

C選項incredulous“懷疑的；不輕信的”，該詞為形容詞，非動詞，不符合語境。

【句意】為了控制和戰(zhàn)勝困擾人類的致命的疾病，協(xié)調(diào)一致的行動是必要的。

4.單選題

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

問題1選項

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項gounder“破產(chǎn)，屈服”；B選項gothrough“參加，經(jīng)受，仔細檢查，通過”；C選項fellout“爭吵”；D選項fellthrough“未能實現(xiàn)”。句意：這個加油站破產(chǎn)了，因為街上還有很多其他的加油站。選項A符合語境。

5.單選題

Everymemberofsocietyhastomakea（

）tostruggleforthefreedomofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.warranty

B.guarantee

C.resolve

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。warranty意為“保證，擔(dān)?！保ǔＶ赋兄Z退款，類似質(zhì)保；guarantee意為“保證，擔(dān)保”，通常指只負責(zé)修理，類似保修；resolve意為“決定”；pledge意為“保證，誓言”，makeapledge意為“宣誓，發(fā)誓”。

句意：每個社會成員都必須宣誓為國家自由而奮斗。

6.單選題

Mr.Smithrecentlyhas（）tennistorelaxhimselfinsparetime.

問題1選項

A.takenup

B.takenin

C.takenon

D.takenover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。takeup"占去;開始從事";takein"欺騙;接受;吸收";takeon"呈現(xiàn),承擔(dān)";takeover"接管,接受。句意：史密斯先生最近開始在空閑時間打網(wǎng)球,以此來放松自己。選項A正確。

7.單選題

Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.

問題1選項

A.suchastheynowtalk

B.liketheynowtalk

C.asmuchastheynowdo

D.astheynowdo

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級比較中，第一個as為副詞，第二個as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意：一種新開發(fā)的機器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達自己的情感，也許有一天它能幫助計算機用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機器交流。

8.單選題

WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.

However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathewhichcouldturnirregularshapes—aninnovationthat,madepossiblemassproductionofgunstocks,shoelasts,oblongandsquarewoodware—craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys(捕獸的圈套).Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebusts(半身像)ofprominentcitizens.

36.ThispassagemostlikelycamefromalongerworkaboutearlyAmerican（）.

37.Thepassagesuggeststhattheearlyshopsformakingtoolswere（）.

38.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforeThomasBlanchard’sinvention,lathes（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingobjectwasanimportantwood-workingtoolusedbyearlyAmericancraftsmen?

40.Accordingtothepassage,whenwoodenarticlesbegantobemass-produced,whatdidmanyindividualwood-workersdo?

問題1選項

A.artsandcrafts

B.politicalleaders

C.loggingindustries

D.fashiondesign

問題2選項

A.notverysophisticated

B.knownfordoingveryquickwork

C.dependentonimportedmaterials

D.frequentedonlybyfashionablepeople

問題3選項

A.werenotmadeofwood

B.couldnotproducesquareobjects

C.werefoundonlyincabinmakingshops

D.couldbeusedtomakemosttoolsandutensils

問題4選項

A.Abust

B.Adecoy

C.Afigurehead

D.Achisel

問題5選項

A.TheymovedoutofMassachusetts.

B.Theyfoundwoodmakingspecializeditems.

C.Theymadedemandsongovernmentleaders.

D.Theytookjobsonshipsassailors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】36.推理判斷題。A選項artsandcrafts“藝術(shù)與手工藝”；B選項politicalleaders“政治領(lǐng)袖”；C選項loggingindustries“木材業(yè)”；D選項fashiondesign“時裝設(shè)計”。定位在第一段第一句WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.（在美國，木雕開始是作為必需品，然后發(fā)展成為一門藝術(shù)。）本文主要圍繞本句展開討論，故選A。

37.推理判斷題。關(guān)鍵詞定位在第一段末尾句Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.（起初，這些物品是用刀來切割的，但先驅(qū)工匠們建立他們原始的店鋪時，大多數(shù)物品都是在車床上加工的。車床是一種機器，它可以固定物體，并能在物體旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時進行加工。）而第二段中craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能熟練運用刀和鑿子的工匠仍然供不應(yīng)求。）由此可知，制作工具的早期商店還是不夠精細的。A選項“不是很有經(jīng)驗的；不是很精致”，B選項“以工作速度快而聞名”，C選項“依賴進口材料”，D選項“只有懂時尚的人才會光顧”，BCD選項原文中并未提及，故選A。

38.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的第一句However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathecouldturnirregularshapes…（然而，即使是出生在馬薩諸塞州的托馬斯?布蘭查德設(shè)計的一臺車床也只能加工不規(guī)則形狀的物體。）由此可以推理出在他發(fā)明的車床之前都是不能加工出有規(guī)則形狀的物體。由此可知B選項“不能制造正方形的物體”正確。A選項“不是用木頭做的”，文章并未介紹車床制作的材料。C選項“只能在櫥柜店看到”屬于無中生有。D選項“可以用來制造大多數(shù)工具和器皿”根據(jù)原文Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.（由于缺乏其他材料，早期的定居者被迫用木頭制造工具和器皿。）可以知道早期的車床只能做出木質(zhì)的工具和器皿。可知D選項錯誤。故選B。

39.客觀細節(jié)題。定位在第二段第一句的末尾處craftsmanwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能夠熟練使用刀和鑿子的工匠仍然供不應(yīng)求。）可知D選項“鑿子”為正確答案。A選項“半身像”，B選項“捕獸的圈套”，C選項“裝飾船頭的人像”，A，B，C選項皆為成品，并不是工具類的物品，不屬于工具，故選D。

40.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后三句Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys.Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebustsofprominentcitizens.（一些準(zhǔn)備在櫥柜和椅子制造商中就業(yè)，而其他人雕刻捕獸的圈套。甚至，其他人專門做店鋪招牌、裝飾船頭的人像或者裝飾室內(nèi)木制品。一部分木雕師甚至接受任務(wù)給名人做上半身塑像?！保┮虼丝芍瑐€體木工們找到并細分了自己這塊工作的方向。由此可知，B選項“他們找到了木工制作的專門事項”正確。A選項“他們搬出了馬薩諸塞州”，C選項“他們向政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人提出要求”，D選項“他們在船上當(dāng)水手”ACD選項在原文中并未提及，故選B。

9.單選題

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears;middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,theoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist’stradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,andthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodemmodernindustry________.

3.Theword“dubious”(underlinedinPara2.)mostprobablymeans________.

4.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis________.

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsone________.

問題1選項

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

問題2選項

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

問題3選項

A.valuable

B.useful

C.doubtful

D.helpful

問題4選項

A.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

B.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

C.moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

問題5選項

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

C.tosolvetechnicalproblems

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.（50年前，“被雇傭”的意思是作為工廠工人或農(nóng)場工人工作，而今天的雇員越來越多地是中產(chǎn)階級，接受過大量的正規(guī)教育，從事需要智力和技術(shù)技能的專業(yè)或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，當(dāng)人們提到被雇傭時想到的是工廠或農(nóng)場工人，而現(xiàn)在想到的是中產(chǎn)階級，由此可推斷出50年前，知識分子作為雇員工作的占比沒有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大，所以D選項“知識分子作為雇員工作的百分比沒有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的百分比大”正確。A選項“百分之八十的美國工人受雇于工廠”和B選項“百分之二十的美國知識分子是雇員”對應(yīng)文章第二句“大約一百年前，每五個在工作的美國人中只有一個被雇傭，即為別人工作?！?，此處說的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此處要表達的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美國工人受雇于工廠，所以A選項和B選項說法都不正確，屬于反向干擾；C選項“知識分子在全體勞動力中的比例幾乎與產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的比例相同”說法錯誤，文章第一段說到50年前，知識分子作為雇員工作的占比沒有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大，所以C選項屬于反向干擾。因此D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.（事實上，在過去的50年里，美國社會有兩個特點：中產(chǎn)階級和上層社會的雇員一直是我們勞動人口中增長最快的群體——增長如此之快，以至于工業(yè)革命時以體力為主的工人在數(shù)量上已經(jīng)失去了重要性，盡管工業(yè)生產(chǎn)在擴大。），由此可推斷出產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的數(shù)量減少了，所以B選項“產(chǎn)業(yè)工人在總雇員人口中的比例有所下降”正確。A選項“產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的數(shù)量將超過知識型員工”和D選項“中產(chǎn)階級雇員和產(chǎn)業(yè)工人一樣多”與原文表述不符，屬于反向干擾；C選項“雇主非常重視產(chǎn)業(yè)工人”文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此B選項正確。

3.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段開頭Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.（然而，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎沒有任何關(guān)于如何成為一名員工的內(nèi)容。但是你卻可以找到很多關(guān)于如何獲得工作或晉升非常______的建議。），根據(jù)第一句幾乎沒有什么文章寫道應(yīng)該如何成為一名員工，卻有如何獲得工作或晉升的建議，所以不難推測這種建議是不可信的，因此C選項“可疑的；不可信的”正確。A選項“有價值的”；B選項“有用的”；D選項“有幫助的”都與原文所表達的意思相反，屬于反向干擾，因此C選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade（當(dāng)然，更多的人失敗是因為他們不知道作為一名員工的要求，而不是因為他們沒有充分掌握自己的行業(yè)技能），由此可推斷作者認為知道自己作為員工的要求，即做一名好員工比掌握專業(yè)知識技能更重要，所以B選項“不如意識到自己要做一名好員工那么重要”正確。A選項“與處理公共關(guān)系的能力同等重要”、C選項“比勞資關(guān)系更重要”和D選項“與組織中其他人合作的能力同樣重要”文章都沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此B選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到最后一段最后兩句employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill…thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,andthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.（對成功來說，雇傭制度比特殊的專業(yè)知識或技能更為重要……你的職位越高，你進入行政或管理工作的機會就越多，你就越重視在組織內(nèi)的工作能力，而不是技術(shù)能力或?qū)I(yè)知識。），由此可知雇傭制度有利于幫助一個人在他的職業(yè)生涯中取得較大成功，所以A選項“在他的事業(yè)上更成功”正確。B選項“在他的領(lǐng)域更專業(yè)”、C選項“解決技術(shù)問題”以及D選項“發(fā)展他的專業(yè)技能”都與文章表述不符，此處提到了雇傭制度中，知道自己作為員工的要求比任何專業(yè)知識、技術(shù)知識以及專業(yè)技能都更重要，B、C、D選項屬于反向干擾。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater.StoneBrewing,alargecraftbrewingoperationheadquarteredinEscondido,presenteditsFullCirclePaleAletocuriouscustomersataneventlatelyinSanDiego.

Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego’，togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021.Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive,SFGatereported.

SanDiegomayorKevinFaulconertoldtheTimesthatthebrewwas'fantastic'andadded:There'snobetterwaytohighlightthepurityofthiswater.Otherpatronssaidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew.

HetoldABC10:'AmongthepalealesthatI'vemade,it'sprobablyinthetopthree.'Thebeerwasmadewiththreemaltsandthreehopsandhas'carameland'tropicalfruit'notes.Therecycledwateronlyneededsomesaltsbeforebrewing.Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions.

StoneBrewinghopestomaketheFullCirclePaleAleavailablesoon.

1.StoneBrewingissuccessfulinmakinga（）.

2.Thepublicrespondtothebeeris（）.

3.SteveGonzalez（）.

4.“PureWaterSanDiego”isto（）.

5.StoneBrewingis（）.

問題1選項

A.recycledwaterbeer

B.sewagewaterbeer

C.toiletwaterbeer

D.tapwaterbeer

問題2選項

A.doubtful

B.passive

C.positive

D.curious

問題3選項

A.madethreebeerswiththreemaltsandthreehops.

B.saidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.

C.presentedthebrewtocuriouscustomersinSanDiego.

D.madethebrewthoughdoubtfulatfirst.

問題4選項

A.treatallwaterby2021

B.recycleathirdofwaterby2021

C.purifyitwaterby2021

D.makeathirdofwaterby2021

問題5選項

A.goodatusingdifferentwatersources.

B.positiveinusingdifferentwatersources.

C.recyclingdifferentwatersources.

D.usedtousingdifferentwatersources.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater(南加州的一家啤酒廠用處理過的污水成功地測試了一種啤酒)，第二段還指出:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewater(這種新的麥芽酒是用經(jīng)過循環(huán)處理的污水制成的)。因此，A項“循環(huán)水啤酒”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive(一些人稱之為“馬桶到水龍頭”的啤酒反響似乎還不錯)，因此C項“積極的，肯定的”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew(斯通釀酒公司負責(zé)釀造和創(chuàng)新的高級經(jīng)理史蒂夫?qū)_雷斯（SteveGonzalez）創(chuàng)造了這款啤酒，并表示他一開始很懷疑。但當(dāng)他試著沖泡時，所有的疑慮都消除了)。因此D項“一開始對這款啤酒心存懷疑”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“PureWaterSanDiego”定位至第二段:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego,togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021(這款新啤酒用的是處理過的回收污水，是圣地亞哥市“凈水圣地亞哥”計劃的一部分，目標(biāo)是在2021年前實現(xiàn)三分之一的用水為回收水)。因此，B項“到2021年，回收三分之一的水”正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions(加州極度缺水，因此釀酒廠常使用不同的水源，而這些水質(zhì)也相應(yīng)地有區(qū)別)。因此選D項“常使用不同水源”。

11.不定項選擇題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問題2選項

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問題3選項

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

問題4選項

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

問題5選項

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果學(xué)習(xí)能讓他們更好地了解周圍的世界，更能適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒有被欺騙。這說明作者贊同讓學(xué)生能了解周圍世界、適應(yīng)世界變化的通識教育。A選項“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意為“教授能在當(dāng)前就業(yè)市場上出售的實用技能”，由原文可知，作者認為就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，把年輕男女輸送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不贊同的；B選項“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意為“隨時代變化的靈活課程”，作者對于這種課程的態(tài)度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但這種努力不會是徒勞的嗎？所以作者是不贊同的；C選項“aliberaleducation”意為“通識教育”，與原文相符；D選項“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意為“保持勞動力市場供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我們不可能使勞動力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不贊同的。因此C選項符合題意。

第2題:語義推測題。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，隨著就業(yè)市場的波動，技能是可售性變化的另一個例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就業(yè)市場是快速變化的。A選項“remainsteady”，意為“保持穩(wěn)定”，與原文不符；B選項“changeinanirregularway”意為“不規(guī)則的變化”，與原文相符；C選項“followasetpattern”意為“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就業(yè)市場的變化有固定的模式；D選項“becomeworseandworse”意為“變得越來越糟”，原文只是指變化但沒有說是往糟糕的方向發(fā)展。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到現(xiàn)在是個高失業(yè)率的時代，首先從反面舉例如果只學(xué)會少數(shù)技能就進入社會等于羊入虎穴，接著又說到學(xué)習(xí)理解和適應(yīng)這個改變的世界能更快找到工作，最后總結(jié)道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自學(xué)能力的更容易找到工作。A選項“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意為“有自學(xué)能力的人”，符合原文；B選項“Aconstructionworkers”意為“一位建筑工人”，C選項“Acarrepairman”意為“一位汽車修理工”和D選項“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意為“一個有相當(dāng)多的銷售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少數(shù)技能，但不是自學(xué)的能力。因此A選項符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即發(fā)展課程就必須使課程非常短，并經(jīng)常更換它們，以跟上就業(yè)市場的快速變化。由此可推測，現(xiàn)代課程的著重點在于適應(yīng)變化的能力。A選項“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意為“預(yù)測技能在未來就業(yè)市場的銷路”，原文未提及預(yù)測技能的銷路，是強調(diào)就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，要去適應(yīng)這種變化；B選項“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意為“把當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場也考慮進去”，就業(yè)市場是一直變化的，所以重點是適應(yīng)變化；C選項“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意為“考慮哪些技能是可以銷售的”，可銷售的技能是需要不斷更換的，所以不是課程的重點；D選項“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意為“關(guān)注適應(yīng)變化的能力”，符合原文。因此D選項符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項和題干可知，本題需逐個分析各個選項。A選項“l(fā)iberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意為“通識教育現(xiàn)在正受到挑戰(zhàn)”，與原文相符；B選項“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意為“在不景氣的時候，教授實用技能的學(xué)校表現(xiàn)更好”，與原文相反，學(xué)會有限技能的人進入社會只是羊入虎口，所以最關(guān)鍵的技能是自學(xué)能力；C選項“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意為“課外活動比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要”，原文是指有自學(xué)能力的人在校外也能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，但并沒有說課外活動就比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要；D選項“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意為“許多學(xué)生覺得教育制度欺騙了他們”，原文是如果他們獲得的只是銷售技能，不能隨就業(yè)市場的變化而變化，那么他們就是受騙了，但這不是學(xué)生的想法，是作者的觀點。因此A選項符合題意。

12.填空題

Thesedrugs________alertness,elevatemood,anddecreasefatigueandtheneedforsleep,buttheyoftenmakeusersirritableandtalkative.(height)

【答案】heighten

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】Thesedrugs為句子主語，橫線處為謂語動詞。結(jié)合語境，這里先列出了這些藥物的治療功效，然后列出藥物副作用，其中一個功效就是_____警覺性，heighten的意思為“（使）加強，提高，增加”，符合語境。

【句意】這些藥物會提高警覺性，改善情緒，減少疲勞和睡眠需求，但它們往往讓服用者易怒并且健談。

13.單選題

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

問題2選項

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

問題3選項

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

問題4選項

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

問題5選項

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”對應(yīng)選項A；第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”對應(yīng)選項B；最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”對應(yīng)選項D。只有選項C在文中沒有提及。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)原文：它不限制于有形的物質(zhì)設(shè)施,但是也服務(wù)。選項D包括,與原文encompass意思最相近。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“...,isthatonewayoranothereachdeals