考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大慶師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大慶師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場(chǎng)體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。）文章第一段就點(diǎn)明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系：市場(chǎng)體系、行政管理體系和傳統(tǒng)體系。接下來分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點(diǎn)明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒有解釋有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的知識(shí)，也沒有表示哪一種經(jīng)濟(jì)體系更優(yōu)越，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“來解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”，是作者沒有解釋的；C選項(xiàng)“論證單一經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的優(yōu)越性”，作者在文中是沒有論述的；D選項(xiàng)“比較易貨市場(chǎng)和貨幣交換市場(chǎng)”，只是市場(chǎng)體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務(wù)。）通過這句話可以看出，在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，可見這種有形的物物交換對(duì)交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒有那么容易，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)交易者的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“誤解，誤會(huì)”這一點(diǎn)原文并沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)體現(xiàn)的。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計(jì)劃顯示了不同公司生產(chǎn)的每種商品的數(shù)量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費(fèi)。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場(chǎng)的相關(guān)規(guī)定，而最高級(jí)的規(guī)定制定就來自于政府，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體戶”，他們只是經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與者；B選項(xiàng)“小企業(yè)”，沒有這個(gè)權(quán)利；C選項(xiàng)“大公司”，仍然沒有政府的等級(jí)高。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個(gè)人在經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗來決定的），可以得出只有B選項(xiàng)“年齡”是沒有提到的，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“家庭背景”；C選項(xiàng)“宗教信仰”；D選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)俗”都是提到了的。

5.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的。）可以看出來在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中交易的都是一些實(shí)在的物品，因此A選項(xiàng)“用貨物、財(cái)產(chǎn)等交換其他貨物”是正確的。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)單位”原文沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“一種食物”，只是其中的一種；D選項(xiàng)“交易”，這就是這件事本身。

2.單選題

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof（

）.

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

（

）.

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段提到了關(guān)于種族和民族文化差異的兩種理論，一種傾向于氣候和物質(zhì)環(huán)境，一種則側(cè)重生物遺傳特性，分別對(duì)應(yīng)A和B選項(xiàng)，都不是作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。在第一段最后提到，這兩種理論有共同點(diǎn)：文化和社會(huì)是進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物，也就是evolution。這一點(diǎn)由作者歸納得來，并且在下文中展開講述，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。人類文化和文明繁榮昌盛的原因出現(xiàn)在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”，可知文化繁榮以種族差異為代價(jià)，是敵對(duì)趨勢(shì)的結(jié)果。因此C選項(xiàng)“種族之間的敵對(duì)”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。作者關(guān)鍵詞“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后緊接著以破折號(hào)做出了定義“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”，作者認(rèn)為遷移以及附帶的沖突、矛盾和融合帶來了所謂的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)“羅馬帝國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張以及人們?nèi)谌肓_馬帝國(guó)”符合作者的定義。因此A選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的貿(mào)易形式是移動(dòng)性的，早期的各種行業(yè)也是流動(dòng)性的，它們將人們從家務(wù)中解放出來，并形成獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”與這點(diǎn)相符合。因此B選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文主要講遷移對(duì)種族的影響和文化變遷。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”，文化的變化并沒有得到鞏固和生物上的傳播。C選項(xiàng)“歷史文化孤立已經(jīng)屈服于多種族主義和多元文化主義”與其相符合。A、B和D選項(xiàng)文中未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale（

）accordingtoastudy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“同等物”；counterpart意為“職位(或作用)相當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?；peer意為“同齡人”；substitute意為“替代物”。

句意：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，女性老板被認(rèn)為不如男性老板合格、有能力。

4.翻譯題

在學(xué)問上打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)將使你終生受益。在學(xué)習(xí)的初級(jí)階段，學(xué)校所有科目中最重要的是語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)。語(yǔ)言是閱讀和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表達(dá)自己；沒有很好的掌握一門外語(yǔ)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難吸收外國(guó)的新知識(shí)。數(shù)學(xué)能訓(xùn)練人的邏輯思維。其他學(xué)科也各有用處，很難說哪一門更重要。比如，體育和音樂教育對(duì)于促進(jìn)人的智力發(fā)展同樣是重要的。

Thefirstbeginningsofthetheorymaybepromptedbycasualobservationandexperience.Inthesefirstprobestowardtheory,descriptionoffactsmakesupmostshareoftheeffort.Increasingsophisticationandrigorleadstoagrowingconcernwithtestingtentativetheoriesusingcarefullyselecteddataandavarietyofstatisticaltechniques.Intheselaterdevelopments,thesubjectmatterofadisciplinebecomesincreasinglytheoreticalanddeductive,ratherthanempiricalanddescriptive.

【答案】Layingasolidfoundationforstudywillworkforallyourlife.Intherudimentarystageoflearning,themostimportantsubjectsinschooleducationarelanguageandMathematics.Languageisatoolforreadingandcommunication.Ifyouarepoorinyourmotherlanguage,youcannotexpressyourselfwell.Andyouwillfindit’sdifficulttoabsorbnewknowledgefromothercountrieswithoutmasteringaforeignlanguage.Mathematicscantrainpeople’slogicalthinking.It’shardtotellwhichsubjectismoreimportant,forothersubjectsalsohavetheirownadvantages.Forinstance,physicalandmusiceducationmakecontributiontoourintelligencedevelopment.

不經(jīng)意的觀察和經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)促進(jìn)理論的開始。在探究理論之初，描述事實(shí)構(gòu)成了這種探索努力的最大部分。隨著理論不斷變得復(fù)雜和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，人們開始使用精心挑選的數(shù)據(jù)和各式各樣的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法來測(cè)試嘗試性的理論。在隨后的發(fā)展中，學(xué)科的主題變得理論化，并且具有推導(dǎo)性，不再是經(jīng)驗(yàn)和描述的。

5.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；D選項(xiàng)fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人對(duì)于女人都有一個(gè)刻板的觀念，那就是女人天生體格方面弱，思想方面（固執(zhí)）。句中…mind與frailconstitutions相對(duì)應(yīng)，根據(jù)句意，stubborn“固執(zhí)的”用來修飾題中女人的思想正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Thechiefeditorthoughthetooksomelibertieswiththeoriginalintranslation.Soitwasnecessarythathemakethe（

）suggested.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alterations

B.alternatives

C.alternations

D.altercations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。alteration“修改；改變；變更”；alternative“二中擇一”；alternation“交替，輪流”；altercation“爭(zhēng)吵，吵架”。句意：主編認(rèn)為他的譯文對(duì)原文做了些改動(dòng)。所以他有必要針對(duì)這些建議進(jìn)行修改。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.腦電圖顯示，我們和所有的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物以及幾乎所有其他的哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥類都會(huì)睡覺。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡夢(mèng)中，動(dòng)物被強(qiáng)有力地固定住，對(duì)外界刺激毫無(wú)反應(yīng)?！彼赃x項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或許關(guān)于睡眠原始功能的一個(gè)有力暗示發(fā)現(xiàn)了“海豚、鯨魚和水生哺乳動(dòng)物似乎總是睡得很少”這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安靜的動(dòng)物，在危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻，會(huì)被睡眠這一無(wú)法緩和的武器固定住。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于幼小的食肉動(dòng)物來說似乎特別明顯。也就是說，幼小的食肉動(dòng)物在危險(xiǎn)時(shí)刻無(wú)法保持安靜，即在不恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)發(fā)出聲音，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AsIhavesuggested,thenewbreedofinvestorshadbeenplayingwithinformationandturningitintomoney,anotherkindofinformation.However,theFederalReserveBankknewthatoncethegapbetweeninvestmentandproductionbecametoolarge,thesituationwouldresultincrisis.Nowthatithadhappened,onBlackMonday,whatwastobedone?(46)Theanswer,paradoxically,wastoinvestmoremoney—thatis,moreinformation—inthesystem.Evenattheriskoflosingthemoneyimmediately.Thiswouldshoreupthevaluemadefrominformationwithmoreinformation.Andinthisway,themarketwouldquicklyregainitscomposure.Therewas,ofcourse,nocauseforalarmonceinvestors’riskswerecoveredbythegovernment’srisk,thatis,bythewholeeconomyputtingitselfontheline.(47)Thatattitude,however,isboundtogenerateaseriesofotherfruitfulcrises,whichmayeventuallyteachusathingortwoabouttheshortcomingsofrepresentationalmoneyasamediumforsocialdevelopment.

Crisisisthemomentofchange,ofmetamorphosis:wecanimaginethatacaterpillarisindeepcrisisatthemomentitturnsintoabutterfly.Weallthinkthatthewordcrisismeanssomethingterrible,butitdoesn’t.Itmeanssomethingclever,peacefulandgood.CrisiscomesfromtheancientGreekwordkrino,whichmeans“toevaluate,judgeordecide.”Acrisisisatimeforjudgmentandanobjectofjudgment.(48)Thoughmanycrisesareoccasionedbytrulyunpredictableoccurrences,manymorearisefromthebreakdownofoldsystemsastheyareovertakenbythenew.TheBhopaldisasterinIndia,whichclaimedover4,000livesandinjuredmorethan400,000inaneruptionofitsdangerouschemicalMethylIsocyanate(MIC),mighthavebeenpredicted—ifnotaverted—bytrackingthesafetyrecordsofthelocalmanagementwhichactuallyprovedtobeappallinglynegligentandirresponsible.(49)Butarealbreakthroughwasthesuddendiscoveryofthenewcontextofpublicaccountabilityprovidedbyelectroniccommunications.Wehaveallbecomeourbrother’skeepersintheworldofinstantcommunications.Facingacrisis,manypeoplewastetheirtimewatchingtheoldordergodown,deploringtheirfateandregrettingtheworldthathasgoneby.(50)Butittakescriticaljudgmentincriticaltimestounderstandthattherealstoryiswhat’scoming.Thenthetaskofdecidingiseasyandfascinating.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.矛盾的是，答案是向系統(tǒng)投資更多的錢，也就是更多的信息。即使冒著馬上失去金錢的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

47.然而，這種態(tài)度必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列其他富有成效的危機(jī)，這些危機(jī)最終可能會(huì)給我們一些關(guān)于代表性貨幣作為社會(huì)發(fā)展媒介的缺點(diǎn)的教訓(xùn)。

48.盡管許多危機(jī)是由真正不可預(yù)測(cè)的事件引起的，但更多的是出現(xiàn)在舊體制的崩潰中，因?yàn)樗鼈儽恍麦w制所取代。

49.但真正的突破是由電子通信提供的公共問責(zé)的新背景的突然發(fā)現(xiàn)。

50.但在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻需要有批判性的判斷力才能理解真實(shí)的故事是什么。那么做決定的任務(wù)就很簡(jiǎn)單，也很吸引人。

9.單選題

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞with可引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種陪襯性動(dòng)作或補(bǔ)充說明。A選項(xiàng)：動(dòng)詞不定式常作目的狀語(yǔ)或表示將來的動(dòng)作，不能引出陪襯性動(dòng)作；B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)這兩種形式不屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，排除；C選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示陪襯性動(dòng)作，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)putdown“記下，寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項(xiàng)putacross“圓滿完成；使被接受；解釋清楚”；C選項(xiàng)putaway“收起來，放好，儲(chǔ)存，打消”；D選項(xiàng)putout“熄滅；伸出；使不高興/憤怒/不安”。句意：這位主席很顯然被Jim的話給激怒了，瞪了他幾秒鐘。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about“thefallofman",thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.

InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.

ThestoryofAdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtointelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton’srevolutionaryfeelingmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines.TheangelswhosurroundGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicParliament.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLost

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLost

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliterature

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anevilperson

B.arebellioushero

C.selfishandcrueldevil

D.astupiddevil

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatan

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishruler

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.1.這篇文章很可能摘自______。

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLostA.彌爾頓的《失樂園》的書評(píng)

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLostB.彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishrulerC.對(duì)殘忍的英國(guó)統(tǒng)治者的描繪

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliteratureD.英國(guó)文學(xué)概論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文僅用只言片語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單介紹了《失樂園》的內(nèi)容，更多的是講述彌爾頓的寫作目的以及反映出來的思想感情。由此可以推測(cè)，這篇文章很有可能節(jié)選自彌爾頓《失樂園》的書評(píng)，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這篇文章對(duì)《失樂園》內(nèi)容的描述很少，所以不可能是序言，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“對(duì)殘忍的英國(guó)統(tǒng)治者的描繪”，文中沒有描述殘忍的英國(guó)統(tǒng)治者，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“英國(guó)文學(xué)概論”包含范圍太廣，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas______.2.在詩(shī)中，撒旦被描述為______。

A.anevilpersonA.一個(gè)邪惡的人

B.arebelliousheroB.一個(gè)具有反抗精神的英雄

C.selfishandcrueldevilC.自私殘忍的魔鬼

D.astupiddevilD.一個(gè)愚蠢的魔鬼

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“撒旦是迄今為止這首詩(shī)中最引人注目的人物，他奮起反抗上帝，雖然被打敗了，但仍然堅(jiān)持戰(zhàn)斗”，上文提到上帝不過是一個(gè)殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，所以可以推斷撒旦是一個(gè)具有反抗精神的英雄，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)邪惡的人”、C項(xiàng)“自私殘忍的魔鬼”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)愚蠢的魔鬼”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?3.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能從這篇文章中推斷出來？

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.A.上帝是這個(gè)王國(guó)的獨(dú)裁者。

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.B.撒旦和他的追隨者充當(dāng)國(guó)會(huì)議員。

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.C.天使被描繪成國(guó)王的追隨者。

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.D.亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“撒旦和他的追隨者們，在議會(huì)中自由地討論所有問題，讓我們想起共和議會(huì)”可知，這里只是一個(gè)比喻的用法，將撒旦和他的追隨者們比喻成國(guó)會(huì)議員，但他們?cè)谶@首詩(shī)中并不是真正的國(guó)會(huì)議員，所以選項(xiàng)B不符合原文，但符合題意。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“上帝是這個(gè)王國(guó)的獨(dú)裁者”，根據(jù)文章第二段可知，上帝是一個(gè)殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“天使被描繪成國(guó)王的追隨者”，根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“上帝不過是一個(gè)殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，坐在寶座上，周圍有一群天使唱歌贊美他”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人”，根據(jù)第三段前幾句“亞當(dāng)和夏娃的故事表明彌爾頓相信人的力量。上帝不給他們追求知識(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)。正是這種對(duì)知識(shí)的渴望為人類開辟了一條通往智慧和積極生活的寬闊道路?！笨芍?，像亞當(dāng)和夏娃一樣的人類，應(yīng)該有追求知識(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章，《失樂園》的主要目的是為了______。

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworldA.贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatanB.改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)撒旦的不良印象

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatanC.表達(dá)對(duì)與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishrulerD.批評(píng)英國(guó)統(tǒng)治者的殘酷

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“用彌爾頓的話來說，寫史詩(shī)的目的是‘證明上帝對(duì)人類的方式是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?，但顯然，彌爾頓在詩(shī)中表達(dá)了他對(duì)統(tǒng)治者殘酷的強(qiáng)烈仇恨”，從中可知，彌爾頓在詩(shī)中表達(dá)了他對(duì)統(tǒng)治者殘忍行為的強(qiáng)烈憎恨。所以可以推斷，《失樂園》的主要目的是批判英國(guó)統(tǒng)治者的殘酷無(wú)情。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界”，原文中描述的是一個(gè)殘暴自私的上帝，所以該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)撒旦的不良印象”和C項(xiàng)“表達(dá)對(duì)與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持”在文章中雖然有依據(jù)，但是并不是文章的主要目的，屬于本末倒置。

12.翻譯題

(1)Sciencefictioncanhelptoexplainwhatscienceandscientistareallabouttothenon-scientists.Itisnoaccidentthatseveralhundreduniversitiesandpublicschoolsarenowofferingsciencefictioncoursesanddiscoveringthattheseclassesareameetinggroundforthescientist-engineersandthehumanists.Scienceandfiction.Reasonandemotion.

Theessenceofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.Bytakingthought,mencanmovemountains—andhave.Inthissense,scienceisanutterlyhumanisticpursuit.

Muchof