考研考博-英語-大慶師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大慶師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問題1選項

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問題2選項

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問題3選項

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問題4選項

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問題5選項

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。）文章第一段就點明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系：市場體系、行政管理體系和傳統(tǒng)體系。接下來分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒有解釋有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的知識，也沒有表示哪一種經(jīng)濟(jì)體系更優(yōu)越，因此A選項“概述不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”正確。B選項“來解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”，是作者沒有解釋的；C選項“論證單一經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的優(yōu)越性”，作者在文中是沒有論述的；D選項“比較易貨市場和貨幣交換市場”，只是市場體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務(wù)。）通過這句話可以看出，在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，可見這種有形的物物交換對交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒有那么容易，因此D選項“對交易者的困難”正確。A選項“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點；B選項“誤解，誤會”這一點原文并沒有提到；C選項“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)體現(xiàn)的。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計劃顯示了不同公司生產(chǎn)的每種商品的數(shù)量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場的相關(guān)規(guī)定，而最高級的規(guī)定制定就來自于政府，因此D選項正確。A選項“個體戶”，他們只是經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與者；B選項“小企業(yè)”，沒有這個權(quán)利；C選項“大公司”，仍然沒有政府的等級高。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個人在經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗來決定的），可以得出只有B選項“年齡”是沒有提到的，因此B選項正確。A選項“家庭背景”；C選項“宗教信仰”；D選項“風(fēng)俗”都是提到了的。

5.語義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的。）可以看出來在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中交易的都是一些實在的物品，因此A選項“用貨物、財產(chǎn)等交換其他貨物”是正確的。B選項“一個單位”原文沒有提及；C選項“一種食物”，只是其中的一種；D選項“交易”，這就是這件事本身。

2.單選題

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof（

）.

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

（

）.

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

問題1選項

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

問題2選項

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

問題3選項

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

問題4選項

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

問題5選項

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.觀點態(tài)度題。文章第一段提到了關(guān)于種族和民族文化差異的兩種理論，一種傾向于氣候和物質(zhì)環(huán)境，一種則側(cè)重生物遺傳特性，分別對應(yīng)A和B選項，都不是作者個人觀點。在第一段最后提到，這兩種理論有共同點：文化和社會是進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物，也就是evolution。這一點由作者歸納得來，并且在下文中展開講述，因此C選項符合題意。

第2題:2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。人類文化和文明繁榮昌盛的原因出現(xiàn)在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”，可知文化繁榮以種族差異為代價，是敵對趨勢的結(jié)果。因此C選項“種族之間的敵對”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。作者關(guān)鍵詞“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后緊接著以破折號做出了定義“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”，作者認(rèn)為遷移以及附帶的沖突、矛盾和融合帶來了所謂的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析選項發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項“羅馬帝國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張以及人們?nèi)谌肓_馬帝國”符合作者的定義。因此A選項是正確選項。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的貿(mào)易形式是移動性的，早期的各種行業(yè)也是流動性的，它們將人們從家務(wù)中解放出來，并形成獨立的職業(yè)。B選項“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”與這點相符合。因此B選項是正確選項。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文主要講遷移對種族的影響和文化變遷。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”，文化的變化并沒有得到鞏固和生物上的傳播。C選項“歷史文化孤立已經(jīng)屈服于多種族主義和多元文化主義”與其相符合。A、B和D選項文中未提及。因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale（

）accordingtoastudy.

問題1選項

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“同等物”；counterpart意為“職位(或作用)相當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?；peer意為“同齡人”；substitute意為“替代物”。

句意：根據(jù)一項研究，女性老板被認(rèn)為不如男性老板合格、有能力。

4.翻譯題

在學(xué)問上打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)將使你終生受益。在學(xué)習(xí)的初級階段，學(xué)校所有科目中最重要的是語言和數(shù)學(xué)。語言是閱讀和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表達(dá)自己；沒有很好的掌握一門外語，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難吸收外國的新知識。數(shù)學(xué)能訓(xùn)練人的邏輯思維。其他學(xué)科也各有用處，很難說哪一門更重要。比如，體育和音樂教育對于促進(jìn)人的智力發(fā)展同樣是重要的。

Thefirstbeginningsofthetheorymaybepromptedbycasualobservationandexperience.Inthesefirstprobestowardtheory,descriptionoffactsmakesupmostshareoftheeffort.Increasingsophisticationandrigorleadstoagrowingconcernwithtestingtentativetheoriesusingcarefullyselecteddataandavarietyofstatisticaltechniques.Intheselaterdevelopments,thesubjectmatterofadisciplinebecomesincreasinglytheoreticalanddeductive,ratherthanempiricalanddescriptive.

【答案】Layingasolidfoundationforstudywillworkforallyourlife.Intherudimentarystageoflearning,themostimportantsubjectsinschooleducationarelanguageandMathematics.Languageisatoolforreadingandcommunication.Ifyouarepoorinyourmotherlanguage,youcannotexpressyourselfwell.Andyouwillfindit’sdifficulttoabsorbnewknowledgefromothercountrieswithoutmasteringaforeignlanguage.Mathematicscantrainpeople’slogicalthinking.It’shardtotellwhichsubjectismoreimportant,forothersubjectsalsohavetheirownadvantages.Forinstance,physicalandmusiceducationmakecontributiontoourintelligencedevelopment.

不經(jīng)意的觀察和經(jīng)歷可能會促進(jìn)理論的開始。在探究理論之初，描述事實構(gòu)成了這種探索努力的最大部分。隨著理論不斷變得復(fù)雜和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，人們開始使用精心挑選的數(shù)據(jù)和各式各樣的統(tǒng)計方法來測試嘗試性的理論。在隨后的發(fā)展中，學(xué)科的主題變得理論化，并且具有推導(dǎo)性，不再是經(jīng)驗和描述的。

5.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問題1選項

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B選項fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C選項stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；D選項fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人對于女人都有一個刻板的觀念，那就是女人天生體格方面弱，思想方面（固執(zhí)）。句中…mind與frailconstitutions相對應(yīng)，根據(jù)句意，stubborn“固執(zhí)的”用來修飾題中女人的思想正確。因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Thechiefeditorthoughthetooksomelibertieswiththeoriginalintranslation.Soitwasnecessarythathemakethe（

）suggested.

問題1選項

A.alterations

B.alternatives

C.alternations

D.altercations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。alteration“修改；改變；變更”；alternative“二中擇一”；alternation“交替，輪流”；altercation“爭吵，吵架”。句意：主編認(rèn)為他的譯文對原文做了些改動。所以他有必要針對這些建議進(jìn)行修改。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

問題1選項

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

問題2選項

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

問題3選項

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

問題4選項

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.腦電圖顯示，我們和所有的靈長類動物以及幾乎所有其他的哺乳動物和鳥類都會睡覺。由此可知，選項D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡夢中，動物被強有力地固定住，對外界刺激毫無反應(yīng)?！彼赃x項A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或許關(guān)于睡眠原始功能的一個有力暗示發(fā)現(xiàn)了“海豚、鯨魚和水生哺乳動物似乎總是睡得很少”這一事實。選項B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安靜的動物，在危險的時刻，會被睡眠這一無法緩和的武器固定住。這一點對于幼小的食肉動物來說似乎特別明顯。也就是說，幼小的食肉動物在危險時刻無法保持安靜，即在不恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r機(jī)發(fā)出聲音，所以選項B符合原文。

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AsIhavesuggested,thenewbreedofinvestorshadbeenplayingwithinformationandturningitintomoney,anotherkindofinformation.However,theFederalReserveBankknewthatoncethegapbetweeninvestmentandproductionbecametoolarge,thesituationwouldresultincrisis.Nowthatithadhappened,onBlackMonday,whatwastobedone?(46)Theanswer,paradoxically,wastoinvestmoremoney—thatis,moreinformation—inthesystem.Evenattheriskoflosingthemoneyimmediately.Thiswouldshoreupthevaluemadefrominformationwithmoreinformation.Andinthisway,themarketwouldquicklyregainitscomposure.Therewas,ofcourse,nocauseforalarmonceinvestors’riskswerecoveredbythegovernment’srisk,thatis,bythewholeeconomyputtingitselfontheline.(47)Thatattitude,however,isboundtogenerateaseriesofotherfruitfulcrises,whichmayeventuallyteachusathingortwoabouttheshortcomingsofrepresentationalmoneyasamediumforsocialdevelopment.

Crisisisthemomentofchange,ofmetamorphosis:wecanimaginethatacaterpillarisindeepcrisisatthemomentitturnsintoabutterfly.Weallthinkthatthewordcrisismeanssomethingterrible,butitdoesn’t.Itmeanssomethingclever,peacefulandgood.CrisiscomesfromtheancientGreekwordkrino,whichmeans“toevaluate,judgeordecide.”Acrisisisatimeforjudgmentandanobjectofjudgment.(48)Thoughmanycrisesareoccasionedbytrulyunpredictableoccurrences,manymorearisefromthebreakdownofoldsystemsastheyareovertakenbythenew.TheBhopaldisasterinIndia,whichclaimedover4,000livesandinjuredmorethan400,000inaneruptionofitsdangerouschemicalMethylIsocyanate(MIC),mighthavebeenpredicted—ifnotaverted—bytrackingthesafetyrecordsofthelocalmanagementwhichactuallyprovedtobeappallinglynegligentandirresponsible.(49)Butarealbreakthroughwasthesuddendiscoveryofthenewcontextofpublicaccountabilityprovidedbyelectroniccommunications.Wehaveallbecomeourbrother’skeepersintheworldofinstantcommunications.Facingacrisis,manypeoplewastetheirtimewatchingtheoldordergodown,deploringtheirfateandregrettingtheworldthathasgoneby.(50)Butittakescriticaljudgmentincriticaltimestounderstandthattherealstoryiswhat’scoming.Thenthetaskofdecidingiseasyandfascinating.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.矛盾的是，答案是向系統(tǒng)投資更多的錢，也就是更多的信息。即使冒著馬上失去金錢的風(fēng)險。

47.然而，這種態(tài)度必然會產(chǎn)生一系列其他富有成效的危機(jī)，這些危機(jī)最終可能會給我們一些關(guān)于代表性貨幣作為社會發(fā)展媒介的缺點的教訓(xùn)。

48.盡管許多危機(jī)是由真正不可預(yù)測的事件引起的，但更多的是出現(xiàn)在舊體制的崩潰中，因為它們被新體制所取代。

49.但真正的突破是由電子通信提供的公共問責(zé)的新背景的突然發(fā)現(xiàn)。

50.但在關(guān)鍵時刻需要有批判性的判斷力才能理解真實的故事是什么。那么做決定的任務(wù)就很簡單，也很吸引人。

9.單選題

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

問題1選項

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。介詞with可引出分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種陪襯性動作或補充說明。A選項：動詞不定式常作目的狀語或表示將來的動作，不能引出陪襯性動作；B選項和D選項這兩種形式不屬于非謂語動詞，排除；C選項現(xiàn)在分詞表示陪襯性動作，符合題意。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

問題1選項

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項putdown“記下，寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項putacross“圓滿完成；使被接受；解釋清楚”；C選項putaway“收起來，放好，儲存，打消”；D選項putout“熄滅；伸出；使不高興/憤怒/不安”。句意：這位主席很顯然被Jim的話給激怒了，瞪了他幾秒鐘。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about“thefallofman",thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.

InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.

ThestoryofAdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtointelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton’srevolutionaryfeelingmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines.TheangelswhosurroundGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicParliament.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto（）.

問題1選項

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLost

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLost

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliterature

問題2選項

A.anevilperson

B.arebellioushero

C.selfishandcrueldevil

D.astupiddevil

問題3選項

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.

問題4選項

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatan

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishruler

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.1.這篇文章很可能摘自______。

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLostA.彌爾頓的《失樂園》的書評

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLostB.彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishrulerC.對殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者的描繪

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliteratureD.英國文學(xué)概論

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文僅用只言片語簡單介紹了《失樂園》的內(nèi)容，更多的是講述彌爾頓的寫作目的以及反映出來的思想感情。由此可以推測，這篇文章很有可能節(jié)選自彌爾頓《失樂園》的書評，所以A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這篇文章對《失樂園》內(nèi)容的描述很少，所以不可能是序言，該項曲解原文；

C項“對殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者的描繪”，文中沒有描述殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者，該項屬于無中生有；

D項“英國文學(xué)概論”包含范圍太廣，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas______.2.在詩中，撒旦被描述為______。

A.anevilpersonA.一個邪惡的人

B.arebelliousheroB.一個具有反抗精神的英雄

C.selfishandcrueldevilC.自私殘忍的魔鬼

D.astupiddevilD.一個愚蠢的魔鬼

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“撒旦是迄今為止這首詩中最引人注目的人物，他奮起反抗上帝，雖然被打敗了，但仍然堅持戰(zhàn)斗”，上文提到上帝不過是一個殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，所以可以推斷撒旦是一個具有反抗精神的英雄，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“一個邪惡的人”、C項“自私殘忍的魔鬼”和D項“一個愚蠢的魔鬼”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?3.下面哪個選項不能從這篇文章中推斷出來？

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.A.上帝是這個王國的獨裁者。

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.B.撒旦和他的追隨者充當(dāng)國會議員。

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.C.天使被描繪成國王的追隨者。

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.D.亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“撒旦和他的追隨者們，在議會中自由地討論所有問題，讓我們想起共和議會”可知，這里只是一個比喻的用法，將撒旦和他的追隨者們比喻成國會議員，但他們在這首詩中并不是真正的國會議員，所以選項B不符合原文，但符合題意。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“上帝是這個王國的獨裁者”，根據(jù)文章第二段可知，上帝是一個殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，該項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項“天使被描繪成國王的追隨者”，根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“上帝不過是一個殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者，坐在寶座上，周圍有一群天使唱歌贊美他”可知，該項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人”，根據(jù)第三段前幾句“亞當(dāng)和夏娃的故事表明彌爾頓相信人的力量。上帝不給他們追求知識的機(jī)會。正是這種對知識的渴望為人類開辟了一條通往智慧和積極生活的寬闊道路?！笨芍駚啴?dāng)和夏娃一樣的人類，應(yīng)該有追求知識的機(jī)會，該項符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章，《失樂園》的主要目的是為了______。

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworldA.贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatanB.改變?nèi)藗儗θ龅┑牟涣加∠?/p>

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatanC.表達(dá)對與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishrulerD.批評英國統(tǒng)治者的殘酷

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“用彌爾頓的話來說，寫史詩的目的是‘證明上帝對人類的方式是正當(dāng)?shù)摹@然，彌爾頓在詩中表達(dá)了他對統(tǒng)治者殘酷的強烈仇恨”，從中可知，彌爾頓在詩中表達(dá)了他對統(tǒng)治者殘忍行為的強烈憎恨。所以可以推斷，《失樂園》的主要目的是批判英國統(tǒng)治者的殘酷無情。選項D符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A項“贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界”，原文中描述的是一個殘暴自私的上帝，所以該項不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項“改變?nèi)藗儗θ龅┑牟涣加∠蟆焙虲項“表達(dá)對與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持”在文章中雖然有依據(jù)，但是并不是文章的主要目的，屬于本末倒置。

12.翻譯題

(1)Sciencefictioncanhelptoexplainwhatscienceandscientistareallabouttothenon-scientists.Itisnoaccidentthatseveralhundreduniversitiesandpublicschoolsarenowofferingsciencefictioncoursesanddiscoveringthattheseclassesareameetinggroundforthescientist-engineersandthehumanists.Scienceandfiction.Reasonandemotion.

Theessenceofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.Bytakingthought,mencanmovemountains—andhave.Inthissense,scienceisanutterlyhumanisticpursuit.

Muchof